Genetic organisation of the M protein region in human isolates of group C and G streptococci: Two types of multigene regulator-like (mgrC) regions

Molecular and General Genetics

Volumn 262, Issue 6, 2000, Pages 965-976

  Geyer, A ^a   Schmidt, K H ^a  

^a JENA UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Germany)

Author keywords

Group C streptococci; Group G streptococci; M protein gene; Multigene regulator; Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis; Streptokinase gene

Indexed keywords

BACTERIAL PROTEIN; M PROTEIN; PYROPHOSPHATE; STREPTOKINASE;

ARTICLE; BETA HEMOLYTIC STREPTOCOCCUS; DNA FLANKING REGION; GENE CONTROL; GENE LOCATION; GENETIC ORGANIZATION; MULTIGENE FAMILY; NONHUMAN; NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE; OPEN READING FRAME; PHARYNGITIS; PHYLOGENY; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REGULON; SEQUENCE HOMOLOGY; STREPTOCOCCUS DYSGALACTIAE EQUISIMILIS; STREPTOCOCCUS GROUP C; STREPTOCOCCUS GROUP G; STREPTOCOCCUS PYOGENES; TOXIC SHOCK SYNDROME; WOUND INFECTION;

AMINO ACID SEQUENCE; ANTIGENS, BACTERIAL; BACTERIAL OUTER MEMBRANE PROTEINS; BACTERIAL PROTEINS; BASE SEQUENCE; CARRIER PROTEINS; CHROMOSOME WALKING; DNA PRIMERS; DNA, BACTERIAL; GENES, BACTERIAL; GENES, REGULATOR; GENOME, BACTERIAL; HUMANS; MOLECULAR SEQUENCE DATA; MULTIGENE FAMILY; PHYLOGENY; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; SEQUENCE HOMOLOGY, AMINO ACID; STREPTOCOCCUS;

BACTERIA (MICROORGANISMS); POSIBACTERIA; PROKARYOTA; STREPTOCOCCUS DYSGALACTIAE SUBSP. EQUISIMILIS; STREPTOCOCCUS PYOGENES; STREPTOCOCCUS SP. 'GROUP C'; STREPTOCOCCUS SP. 'GROUP G';

EID: 0033968545     PISSN: 00268925     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/PL00008665     Document Type: Article

References (47)

1. Åkesson P, Schmidt KH, Cooney J, Björck L (1994) M1 and protein H: IgGFc-and albumin-binding streptococcal surface proteins encoded by adjacent genes. Biochem J 300:877-886
2. Andersson G, McIver K, Heden LO, Scott JR (1996) Complementation of divergent mga genes in group A Streptococcus. Gene 175:77-81
3. Ben Nasr A, Wistedt A, Ringdahl U, Sjöbring U (1994) Streptokonase activates plasminogen bound to human group C and G streptococci through M-like proteins. Eur J Biochem 222:267-276
4. Bisno AL, Collins CM, Turner JC (1996) M proteins of group C streptococci isolated from patients with acute pharyngitis. J Clin Microbiol 34:2511-2515
5. Caparon MG, Scott JR (1991) Genetic manipulation of pathogenic streptococci. Methods Enzymol 204:556-586
6. Carlsson-Wistedt A, Ringdahl U, Müller-Esterl W, Sjöbring U (1995) Identification of a plasminogen-binding motif in PAM, a bacterial surface protein. Mol Microbiol 18:569-578
7. Chen C, Bormann N, Cleary PP (1993) VirR and Mry are homologous trans-acting regulators of M protein and C5a peptidase expression in group A streptococci. Mol Gen Genet 241:685-693
8. Christensen LR (1945) Streptococcal fibrinolysin: a proteolytic reaction due to a serum enzyme activated by streptococcal fibrinolysin. J Gen Physiol 28:363-383
9. Cleary PP, Peterson J, Chen C, Nelson C (1991) Virulent human strains of group-G streptococci express a C5a peptidase enzyme similar to that produced by group-A streptococci. Infect Immun 59:2305-2310
10. Efstratiou A, Teare EL, McGhie D, Colman G (1989) The presence of M proteins in outbreak strains of Streptococcus equisimilis T-type 204. J Infect 19:105-111
11. Fox K, Turner J, Fox A (1993) Role of beta-hemolytic group C streptococci in pharyngitis: incidence and biochemical characteristics of Streptococcus equisimilis and Streptococcus anginosis in patients and healthy controls. J Clin Microbiol 31:804-807
12. Frank C, Steiner K, Malke H (1995) Conservation of the organisation of the streptokinase region among pathogenic streptococci. Med Microbiol Immunol 184:139-146
13. Frithz E, Heden LO, Lindahl G (1989) Extensive sequence homology between IgA receptor and M proteins in Streptococcus pyogenes. Mol Microbiol 3:1111-1119
14. Geyer A, Roth A, Vettermann S, Günther E, Groh A, Straube E, Schmidt KH (1999) M protein of a Streptococcus dysgalactiae human wound isolate shows multiple binding to different plasma proteins and shares epitopes with keratin and human cartilage. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 26: 11-24
15. Haanes EJ, Heath DG, Cleary PP (1992) Architecture of the vir regulons of group A streptococci parallels opacity factor phenotype and M protein class. J Bacteriol 174:4967-4976
16. Harbaugh MP, Podbielski A, Hugl S, Cleary PP (1993) Nucleotide substitutions and small-scale insertion produce size and antigenic variation in group A streptococcal M1 protein. Mol Microbiol 8:981-991
17. Heden LO, Lindahl G (1993) Conserved and variable regions in protein Arp, the IgA receptor of Streptococcus pyogenes. J Gen Microbiol 139:2067-2074
18. Higgins CF (1992) ABC transporters: from microorganisms to man. Annu Rev Cell Biol 8:67-113
19. Hollingshead SK, Fischetti VF, Scott JR (1986) Complete nucleotide sequence of type 6 M protein of the group A streptococcus: repetitive structure and membrane anchor. J Biol Chem 261:1677-1686
20. Jordan A, Aslund F, Pontis E, Reichard P, Holmgreen A (1997) Characterisation of Escherichia coli NrdH. A glutaredoxin-like protein with a thioredoxin-like activity profile. J Biol Chem 272:18044-18050
21. Katerov V, Schalen C, Totolian AA (1994) Sequencing of genes within the vir regulon of Streptococcus pyogenes type M15 - an opacity factor-positive serotype with low opacity factor expression. Mol Gen Genet 245:78-85
22. Keiser P, Campbell W (1992) "Toxic strep syndrome" associated with group C streptococcus. Arch Intern Med 152:882-884
23. McIver KS, Subbarao S, Kellner EM, Heath AS, Scot JR (1996) Identification of isp, a locus encoding an immunogenic secreted protein conserved among group A streptococci. Infect Immun 64:2548-2555
24. Mechold U, Steiner K, Vettermann S, Malke H (1993) Genetic organisation of the streptokinase region of the Streptococcus equisimilis H46A chromosome. Mol Gen Genet 241:129-140
25. Metzger S, Sarubbi E, Glaser G, Cashel M (1989) Protein sequences encoded by the relA and the spoT genes of Escherichia coli are interrelated. J Biol Chem 264:9122-9125
26. Miller CW, Prescott JF, Mathews KA, Betschel SD, Yager JA, Guru V, DeWinter L, Low DE (1996) Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 209:1421-1426
27. Natoli S, Fimiani C, Faglieri N, Laurenzi L, Calamaro A, Frasca AM, Arcuri E (1996) Toxic shock syndrome due to group C streptococci. A case report. Intensive Care Med 22:985-989
28. Perez-Casal J, Caparon MG, Scott JR (1991) Mry, a trans-acting positive regulator of the M protein gene of Streptococcus pyogenes with similarity to the receptor proteins of two-component regulatory systems. J Bacteriol 173:2617-2624
29. Podbielski A (1993) Three different types of organisation of the vir-regulon in group A streptococci. Mol Gen Genet 237: 287-330
30. Podbielski A, Kaufhold A, Lütticken R (1992) The vir-regulon of Streptococcus pyogenes: Coordinated expression of important virulence factors. Immunität und Infektion 20:161-168
31. Podbielski A, Flosdorff A, Weberheynemann J (1995) The group A streptococcal vir R49 gene controls expression of four structural vir regulon genes. Infect Immun 63:9-20
32. Podbielski A, Woischnik M, Pohl B, Schmidt KH (1996) What is the size of the group A streptococcal vir regulon? The Mga regulator affects expression of secreted and surface virulence factors. Med Microbiol Immunol 185:171-181
33. Robbins JC, Spanier JG, Jones SJ, Simpson WJ, Cleary PP (1987) Streptococcus pyogenes type 12 M protein gene regulation by upstream sequences. J Bacteriol 169:5633-5640
34. Roth S, Andrassy K, Schmidt KH, Günther E, Ritz E (1999) Febrile lady with acute renal failure and desquamatic erythema. Amer J Kidney Diseases 34:1-6
35. Russel RRB, Ferretti JJ (1990) Nucleotide sequence of the dextran glucosidase (dexB) gene of Streptococcus mutans. J Gen Microbiol 136:803-810
36. Sambrook J, Fritsch EF, Maniatis TE (1989) Molecular cloning: a laboratory manual (2nd edn). Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, NY
37. Schmidt KH, Wadström T (1990) A secreted receptor related to M protein of Streptococcus pyogenes binds to fibrinogen, IgG and albumin. Zentralbl Bacteriol 273:216-228
38. Schmidt KH, Mann K, Cooney J, Köhler W (1993a) Multiple binding of type 3 streptococcal M protein to human fibrinogen, albumin and fibronectin. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 7:135-144
39. Schmidt KH, Wiesner J, Gerlach D, Reichardt W, Ozegowski JH, Köhler W (1993b) Susceptibility of chicken embryos to group A streptococci: Correlation with fibrinogen binding. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 7:231-240
40. Schmidt KH, Gerlach D, Wollweber L, Reichardt W, Mann KH, Ozegowski JH, Fleischer B (1995) Mitogenenicity of M5 protein extracted from Streptococcus pyogenes cells is due to Streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin C and mitogenic factor MF. Infect Immun 63:4569-4575
41. Schnitzler N, Podbielski A, Baumgarten G, Mignon M, Kaufhold A (1995) M or M-like protein gene polymorphism in human group G streptococci. J Clin Microbiol 33:356-363
42. Scott S, Cleary P, Caparon MG, Kehoe M, Heden L, Musser JM, Hollingshead S, Podbielski A (1995) New name for the positive regulator of the M protein of group A streptococcus. Mol Microbiol 17:779
43. Simpson WJ, Musser JM, Cleary PP (1992) Evidence consistent with horizontal transfer of the gene (emm12) encoding serotype M12 protein between group A and group G pathogenic streptococci. Infect Immun 60:1890-1893
44. Sriprakash KS, Hartas J (1996) Lateral genetic transfers between group A and G streptococci for M-like genes are ongoing. Microb Pathog 20:275-285
45. Triglia T, Peterson GM, Kemp DJ (1988) A procedure for in vitro amplification of DNA segments that lie outside the boundaries of known sequences. Nucleic Acids Res 16:8186
46. Turner JC, Fox A, Fox K, Addy C, Garrison CZ, Herron B, Brunson C, Betcher G (1993) Role of group C beta-hemolytic streptococci in pharyngitis: epidemiologic study of clinical features associated with isolation of group C streptococci. J Clin Microbiol 31:808-811
47. Vandamme P, Pot B, Falsen E, Kersters K, Devriese LA (1996) Taxonomic study of Lancefield streptococcal groups C, G and L (Streptococcus dysgalactiae) and proposal of S. dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis subsp. nov. Int J Syst Bacteriol 46:774-781