메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 108, Issue 3, 2000, Pages 216-226

A systematic review of the effects of physician specialty on the treatment of coronary disease and heart failure in the United States

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID; ANTICOAGULANT AGENT; ANTILIPEMIC AGENT; ANTITHROMBOCYTIC AGENT; BETA ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKING AGENT; DIGOXIN; DIPEPTIDYL CARBOXYPEPTIDASE INHIBITOR; DIURETIC AGENT; GLYCERYL TRINITRATE; HEPARIN; LIDOCAINE; NITRATE; WARFARIN;

EID: 0033961324     PISSN: 00029343     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0002-9343(99)00430-1     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (94)

References (71)
  • 1
    • 0032563667 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparing generalist and specialty care: Discrepancies, deficiencies, and excesses
    • Donohoe MT. Comparing generalist and specialty care: discrepancies, deficiencies, and excesses. Arch Intern Med. 1998;158:1596-1608.
    • (1998) Arch Intern Med. , vol.158 , pp. 1596-1608
    • Donohoe, M.T.1
  • 2
    • 0029955918 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The value of cardiology
    • Goldman L. The value of cardiology. NEJM. 1996;335:1918-1919.
    • (1996) NEJM , vol.335 , pp. 1918-1919
    • Goldman, L.1
  • 3
    • 0030723661 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is gatekeeping better than traditional care? A survey of physicians' attitudes
    • Halm EA, Causino N, Blumenthal D. Is gatekeeping better than traditional care? A survey of physicians' attitudes. JAMA. 1997;278: 1677-1681.
    • (1997) JAMA , vol.278 , pp. 1677-1681
    • Halm, E.A.1    Causino, N.2    Blumenthal, D.3
  • 6
    • 0026578147 scopus 로고
    • Specialists or generalists. On whom should we base the American health care system?
    • Rosenblatt RA. Specialists or generalists. On whom should we base the American health care system? JAMA. 1992;267:1665-1666.
    • (1992) JAMA , vol.267 , pp. 1665-1666
    • Rosenblatt, R.A.1
  • 7
    • 0026553430 scopus 로고
    • Variations in resource utilization among medical specialties and systems of care. Results from the medical outcomes study
    • Greenfield S, Nelson EC, Zubkoff M, et al. Variations in resource utilization among medical specialties and systems of care. Results from the medical outcomes study. JAMA. 1992;267:1624-1630.
    • (1992) JAMA , vol.267 , pp. 1624-1630
    • Greenfield, S.1    Nelson, E.C.2    Zubkoff, M.3
  • 8
    • 0030740671 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Costs, outcomes, and patient satisfaction by provider type for patients with rheumatic and musculoskeletal conditions: A critical review of the literature and proposed methodologic standards
    • Solomon DH, Bates DW, Panush RS, Katz JN. Costs, outcomes, and patient satisfaction by provider type for patients with rheumatic and musculoskeletal conditions: a critical review of the literature and proposed methodologic standards. Ann Intern Med. 1997;127:52-60.
    • (1997) Ann Intern Med. , vol.127 , pp. 52-60
    • Solomon, D.H.1    Bates, D.W.2    Panush, R.S.3    Katz, J.N.4
  • 9
    • 0027489260 scopus 로고
    • Progression of functional disability in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Associations with rheumatology subspecialty care
    • Ward MM, Leigh JP, Fries JF. Progression of functional disability in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Associations with rheumatology subspecialty care. Arch Intern Med. 1993;153:2229-2237.
    • (1993) Arch Intern Med. , vol.153 , pp. 2229-2237
    • Ward, M.M.1    Leigh, J.P.2    Fries, J.F.3
  • 10
    • 0025358041 scopus 로고
    • Results of a program to reduce admissions for adult asthma
    • Mayo PH, Richman J, Harris HW. Results of a program to reduce admissions for adult asthma. Ann Intern Med. 1990;112:864-871.
    • (1990) Ann Intern Med. , vol.112 , pp. 864-871
    • Mayo, P.H.1    Richman, J.2    Harris, H.W.3
  • 12
    • 0025785543 scopus 로고
    • Facilitated referral to asthma specialist reduces relapses in asthma emergency room visits
    • Zeiger RS, Heller S, Mellon MH, et al. Facilitated referral to asthma specialist reduces relapses in asthma emergency room visits. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1991;87:1160-1168.
    • (1991) J Allergy Clin Immunol. , vol.87 , pp. 1160-1168
    • Zeiger, R.S.1    Heller, S.2    Mellon, M.H.3
  • 13
    • 0032211464 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of generalist and pulmonologist care for patients hospitalized with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Resource intensity, hospital costs, and survival
    • Regueiro CR, Hamel MB, Davis RB, et al.. A comparison of generalist and pulmonologist care for patients hospitalized with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: resource intensity, hospital costs, and survival. Am J Med. 1998;105:366-372.
    • (1998) Am J Med. , vol.105 , pp. 366-372
    • Regueiro, C.R.1    Hamel, M.B.2    Davis, R.B.3
  • 14
    • 0022792734 scopus 로고
    • Cost and outcome of care for patients with chronic obstructive lung disease. Analysis by physician specialty
    • Strauss MJ, Conrad D, LoGerfo JP, et al. Cost and outcome of care for patients with chronic obstructive lung disease. Analysis by physician specialty. Med Care. 1986;24:915-924.
    • (1986) Med Care , vol.24 , pp. 915-924
    • Strauss, M.J.1    Conrad, D.2    Logerfo, J.P.3
  • 15
    • 0028845996 scopus 로고
    • Outcomes of patients with hypertension and non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus treated by different systems and specialties. Results from the medical outcomes study
    • Greenfield S, Rogers W, Mangotich M, et al. Outcomes of patients with hypertension and non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus treated by different systems and specialties. Results from the medical outcomes study. JAMA. 1995;274:1436-1444.
    • (1995) JAMA , vol.274 , pp. 1436-1444
    • Greenfield, S.1    Rogers, W.2    Mangotich, M.3
  • 16
    • 0028502468 scopus 로고
    • AIDS specialist versus generalist ambulatory care for advanced HIV infection and impact on hospital use
    • Turner BJ, McKee L, Fanning T, Markson LE. AIDS specialist versus generalist ambulatory care for advanced HIV infection and impact on hospital use. Med Care. 1994;32:902-916.
    • (1994) Med Care , vol.32 , pp. 902-916
    • Turner, B.J.1    McKee, L.2    Fanning, T.3    Markson, L.E.4
  • 17
    • 0029987128 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physicians' experience with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome as a factor in patients' survival
    • Kitahata MM, Koepsell TD, Deyo RA, et al. Physicians' experience with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome as a factor in patients' survival. NEJM. 1996;334:701-706.
    • (1996) NEJM , vol.334 , pp. 701-706
    • Kitahata, M.M.1    Koepsell, T.D.2    Deyo, R.A.3
  • 18
    • 0028874341 scopus 로고
    • Ability of primary care physicians to recognize physical findings associated with HIV infection
    • Paauw DS, Wenrich MD, Curtis JR, et al. Ability of primary care physicians to recognize physical findings associated with HIV infection. JAMA. 1995;274:1380-1382.
    • (1995) JAMA , vol.274 , pp. 1380-1382
    • Paauw, D.S.1    Wenrich, M.D.2    Curtis, J.R.3
  • 19
    • 0029153688 scopus 로고
    • Ability of primary care physicians to diagnose and manage Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia
    • Curtis JR, Paauw DS, Wenrich MD, et al. Ability of primary care physicians to diagnose and manage Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. J Gen Intern Med. 1995;10:395-399.
    • (1995) J Gen Intern Med. , vol.10 , pp. 395-399
    • Curtis, J.R.1    Paauw, D.S.2    Wenrich, M.D.3
  • 20
    • 0029958162 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Appropriateness of referrals for open-access endoscopy. How do physicians in different medical specialties do?
    • Mahajan RJ, Barthel JS, Marshall JB. Appropriateness of referrals for open-access endoscopy. How do physicians in different medical specialties do? Arch Intern Med. 1996;156:2065-2069.
    • (1996) Arch Intern Med. , vol.156 , pp. 2065-2069
    • Mahajan, R.J.1    Barthel, J.S.2    Marshall, J.B.3
  • 21
    • 0029775156 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differences between generalist and specialist physicians regarding Helicobacter pylori and peptic ulcer disease
    • Fendrick AM, Hirth RA, Chernew ME. Differences between generalist and specialist physicians regarding Helicobacter pylori and peptic ulcer disease. Am J Gastroenterol. 1996;91:1544-1548.
    • (1996) Am J Gastroenterol. , vol.91 , pp. 1544-1548
    • Fendrick, A.M.1    Hirth, R.A.2    Chernew, M.E.3
  • 22
    • 0032490132 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Primary care and the specialist
    • Vanselow NA. Primary care and the specialist. JAMA. 1998;279: 1394-1395.
    • (1998) JAMA , vol.279 , pp. 1394-1395
    • Vanselow, N.A.1
  • 23
    • 0032490135 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The generalist role of specialty physicians: Is there a hidden system of primary care?
    • Rosenblatt RA, Hart LG, Baldwin LM, et al. The generalist role of specialty physicians: is there a hidden system of primary care? JAMA. 1998;279:1364-1370.
    • (1998) JAMA , vol.279 , pp. 1364-1370
    • Rosenblatt, R.A.1    Hart, L.G.2    Baldwin, L.M.3
  • 25
    • 0029804941 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ACC/AHA guidelines for the management of patients with acute myocardial infarction, executive summary. A report of the American College of Cardiology/ American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee on Management of Acute Myocardial Infarction)
    • Ryan TJ, Anderson JL, Antman EM, et al. ACC/AHA guidelines for the management of patients with acute myocardial infarction, executive summary. A report of the American College of Cardiology/ American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee on Management of Acute Myocardial Infarction). Circulation. 1996;94:2341-2350.
    • (1996) Circulation , vol.94 , pp. 2341-2350
    • Ryan, T.J.1    Anderson, J.L.2    Antman, E.M.3
  • 26
    • 0028823303 scopus 로고
    • Guidelines for the evaluation, and management of heart failure. Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee on Evaluation and Management of Heart Failure)
    • Guidelines for the evaluation, and management of heart failure. Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee on Evaluation and Management of Heart Failure). Circulation. 1995;92: 2764-2784.
    • (1995) Circulation , vol.92 , pp. 2764-2784
  • 27
    • 0030724361 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Integrating heterogeneous pieces of evidence in systematic reviews
    • Mulrow C, Langhorne P, Grimshaw J. Integrating heterogeneous pieces of evidence in systematic reviews. Ann Intern Med. 1997;127: 989-995.
    • (1997) Ann Intern Med. , vol.127 , pp. 989-995
    • Mulrow, C.1    Langhorne, P.2    Grimshaw, J.3
  • 29
    • 0021136172 scopus 로고
    • Therapeutic interventions in acute myocardial infarction. Survey of the ACCP Section on Clinical Cardiology
    • Dalen JE, Goldberg RJ, Gore JM, Struckus J. Therapeutic interventions in acute myocardial infarction. Survey of the ACCP Section on Clinical Cardiology. Chest. 1984;86:257-262.
    • (1984) Chest , vol.86 , pp. 257-262
    • Dalen, J.E.1    Goldberg, R.J.2    Gore, J.M.3    Struckus, J.4
  • 30
    • 0023580096 scopus 로고
    • Do cardiologists have higher thresholds for recommending coronary arteriography than family physicians?
    • Young MJ, Fried LS, Eisenberg J, et al. Do cardiologists have higher thresholds for recommending coronary arteriography than family physicians? Health Serv Res. 1987;22:623-635.
    • (1987) Health Serv Res. , vol.22 , pp. 623-635
    • Young, M.J.1    Fried, L.S.2    Eisenberg, J.3
  • 31
    • 0024156019 scopus 로고
    • Trends in physician management of uncomplicated acute myocardial infarction, 1970 to 1987
    • Hlatky MA, Cotugno HE, Mark DB, et al. Trends in physician management of uncomplicated acute myocardial infarction, 1970 to 1987. Am J Cardiol. 1988:61:515-518.
    • (1988) Am J Cardiol. , vol.61 , pp. 515-518
    • Hlatky, M.A.1    Cotugno, H.E.2    Mark, D.B.3
  • 32
    • 0028100191 scopus 로고
    • Knowledge and practices of generalist and specialist physicians regarding drug therapy for acute myocardial infarction
    • Ayanian JZ, Hauptman PJ, Guadagnoli E, et al. Knowledge and practices of generalist and specialist physicians regarding drug therapy for acute myocardial infarction. NEJM. 1994;331:1136-1142.
    • (1994) NEJM , vol.331 , pp. 1136-1142
    • Ayanian, J.Z.1    Hauptman, P.J.2    Guadagnoli, E.3
  • 33
    • 0030065051 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differences in generalists' and cardiologists' perceptions of cardiovascular risk and the outcomes of preventive therapy in cardiovascular disease
    • Friedmann PD, Brett AS, Mayo SM. Differences in generalists' and cardiologists' perceptions of cardiovascular risk and the outcomes of preventive therapy in cardiovascular disease. Ann Intern Med. 1996;124:414-421.
    • (1996) Ann Intern Med. , vol.124 , pp. 414-421
    • Friedmann, P.D.1    Brett, A.S.2    Mayo, S.M.3
  • 34
    • 0024592422 scopus 로고
    • Physician utilization of laboratory procedures to monitor outpatients with congestive heart failure
    • Fleg JL, Hinton PC, Lakatta EG, et al. Physician utilization of laboratory procedures to monitor outpatients with congestive heart failure. Arch Intern Med. 1989;149:393-396.
    • (1989) Arch Intern Med. , vol.149 , pp. 393-396
    • Fleg, J.L.1    Hinton, P.C.2    Lakatta, E.G.3
  • 35
    • 0030802373 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differences between primary care physicians and cardiologists in management of congestive heart failure: Relation to practice guidelines
    • Edep ME, Shah NB, Tateo IM, Massie BM. Differences between primary care physicians and cardiologists in management of congestive heart failure: relation to practice guidelines. J Am Coll Cardial. 1997;30:518-526.
    • (1997) J Am Coll Cardial. , vol.30 , pp. 518-526
    • Edep, M.E.1    Shah, N.B.2    Tateo, I.M.3    Massie, B.M.4
  • 36
    • 0030808580 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differences in generalist and specialist physicians' knowledge and use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors for congestive heart failure
    • Chin MH, Friedmann PD, Cassel CK, Lang RM. Differences in generalist and specialist physicians' knowledge and use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors for congestive heart failure. J Gen Intern Med. 1997;12:523-530.
    • (1997) J Gen Intern Med. , vol.12 , pp. 523-530
    • Chin, M.H.1    Friedmann, P.D.2    Cassel, C.K.3    Lang, R.M.4
  • 37
    • 0023792444 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of efficiency of cardiologists and internists in managing patients with suspected myocardial chest pain
    • Young S, Baigelman W, Coldiron J, Beiser A. Comparison of efficiency of cardiologists and internists in managing patients with suspected myocardial chest pain. Crit Care Med. 1988;16:1098-1100.
    • (1988) Crit Care Med. , vol.16 , pp. 1098-1100
    • Young, S.1    Baigelman, W.2    Coldiron, J.3    Beiser, A.4
  • 38
    • 0029099456 scopus 로고
    • Cardiologist versus internist management of patients with unstable angina: Treatment patterns and outcomes
    • Schreiber TL, Elkhatib A, Grines CL, O'Neill WW. Cardiologist versus internist management of patients with unstable angina: treatment patterns and outcomes. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1995;26:577-582.
    • (1995) J Am Coll Cardiol. , vol.26 , pp. 577-582
    • Schreiber, T.L.1    Elkhatib, A.2    Grines, C.L.3    O'Neill, W.W.4
  • 39
    • 0028882089 scopus 로고
    • Effect of physician specialty on use of necessary coronary angiography
    • Borowsky SJ, Kravitz RL, Laouri M, et al. Effect of physician specialty on use of necessary coronary angiography. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1995;26:1484-1491.
    • (1995) J Am Coll Cardiol. , vol.26 , pp. 1484-1491
    • Borowsky, S.J.1    Kravitz, R.L.2    Laouri, M.3
  • 40
    • 0030432989 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Utilization of echocardiography by internists and cardiologists: A comparative study
    • Calenda P, Jain P, Smith LG. Utilization of echocardiography by internists and cardiologists: a comparative study. Am J Med. 1996; 101:584-591.
    • (1996) Am J Med. , vol.101 , pp. 584-591
    • Calenda, P.1    Jain, P.2    Smith, L.G.3
  • 41
    • 0029906954 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Outcome of acute myocardial infarction according to the specialty of the admitting physician
    • Jollis JG, DeLong ER, Peterson ED, et al. Outcome of acute myocardial infarction according to the specialty of the admitting physician. NEJM. 1996;335:1880-1887.
    • (1996) NEJM , vol.335 , pp. 1880-1887
    • Jollis, J.G.1    Delong, E.R.2    Peterson, E.D.3
  • 42
    • 0030034823 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cost and appropriateness of radionuclide exercise stress testing by cardiologists and non-cardiologists
    • Stein JH, Uretz EF, Parrillo JE, Barron JT. Cost and appropriateness of radionuclide exercise stress testing by cardiologists and non-cardiologists. Am J Cardiol. 1996;77:139-142.
    • (1996) Am J Cardiol. , vol.77 , pp. 139-142
    • Stein, J.H.1    Uretz, E.F.2    Parrillo, J.E.3    Barron, J.T.4
  • 43
    • 0030663988 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment and outcomes of acute myocardial infarction among patients of cardiologists and generalist physicians
    • Ayanian JZ, Guadagnoli EG, McNeil BJ, Cleary PD. Treatment and outcomes of acute myocardial infarction among patients of cardiologists and generalist physicians. Arch Intern Med. 1997;157: 2570-2576.
    • (1997) Arch Intern Med. , vol.157 , pp. 2570-2576
    • Ayanian, J.Z.1    Guadagnoli, E.G.2    McNeil, B.J.3    Cleary, P.D.4
  • 44
    • 0030729663 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of hyperlipidemia by specialists versus generalists as secondary prevention of coronary artery disease
    • Whyte JJ, Filly AL, Jollis JG. Treatment of hyperlipidemia by specialists versus generalists as secondary prevention of coronary artery disease. Am J Cardiol. 1997;80:1345-1347.
    • (1997) Am J Cardiol. , vol.80 , pp. 1345-1347
    • Whyte, J.J.1    Filly, A.L.2    Jollis, J.G.3
  • 45
    • 0000454135 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Process and outcomes of outpatient management of heart failure: A comparison of cardiologists and primary care providers
    • Havranek EP, Graham GW, Pan Z, Lowes B. Process and outcomes of outpatient management of heart failure: a comparison of cardiologists and primary care providers. Am J Man Care. 1996;2:783-789.
    • (1996) Am J Man Care , vol.2 , pp. 783-789
    • Havranek, E.P.1    Graham, G.W.2    Pan, Z.3    Lowes, B.4
  • 46
    • 0030981732 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of patients admitted to the hospital with congestive heart failure: Specialty-related disparities in practice patterns and outcomes
    • Reis SE, Holubkov R, Ddmundowicz D, et al. Treatment of patients admitted to the hospital with congestive heart failure: specialty-related disparities in practice patterns and outcomes. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1997;30:733-738.
    • (1997) J Am Coll Cardiol. , vol.30 , pp. 733-738
    • Reis, S.E.1    Holubkov, R.2    Ddmundowicz, D.3
  • 47
    • 0030875875 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Utilization and dosing of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors for heart failure: Effect of physician specialty and patient characteristics
    • Chin MH, Wang JC, Zhang JX, Lang RM. Utilization and dosing of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors for heart failure: effect of physician specialty and patient characteristics. J Gen Intern Med. 1997;12:563-566.
    • (1997) J Gen Intern Med. , vol.12 , pp. 563-566
    • Chin, M.H.1    Wang, J.C.2    Zhang, J.X.3    Lang, R.M.4
  • 48
    • 0030978716 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reasons for underuse of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in patients with heart failure and left ventricular dysfunction
    • Bart BA, Gattis WA, Diem SJ, O'Connor CM. Reasons for underuse of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in patients with heart failure and left ventricular dysfunction. Am J Cardiol. 1997;79: 1118-1120.
    • (1997) Am J Cardiol. , vol.79 , pp. 1118-1120
    • Bart, B.A.1    Gattis, W.A.2    Diem, S.J.3    O'Connor, C.M.4
  • 49
    • 0030898406 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacologic management of heart failure among older adults by office-based physicians in the United States
    • Croft JB, Giles WH, Roegner RH, et al. Pharmacologic management of heart failure among older adults by office-based physicians in the United States. J Fam Pract. 1997;44:382-390.
    • (1997) J Fam Pract. , vol.44 , pp. 382-390
    • Croft, J.B.1    Giles, W.H.2    Roegner, R.H.3
  • 50
    • 0030689748 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National patterns of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor use in congestive heart failure
    • Stafford RS, Saglam D, Blumenthal D. National patterns of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor use in congestive heart failure. Arch Intern Med. 1997;157:2460-2464.
    • (1997) Arch Intern Med. , vol.157 , pp. 2460-2464
    • Stafford, R.S.1    Saglam, D.2    Blumenthal, D.3
  • 52
    • 0029892519 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does increased access to primary care reduce hospital readmissions?
    • Veterans Affairs Cooperative Study Group on Primary Care and Hospital Readmission
    • Weinberger M, Oddone EZ, Henderson WG. Does increased access to primary care reduce hospital readmissions? Veterans Affairs Cooperative Study Group on Primary Care and Hospital Readmission. NEJM. 1996;334:1441-1447.
    • (1996) NEJM , vol.334 , pp. 1441-1447
    • Weinberger, M.1    Oddone, E.Z.2    Henderson, W.G.3
  • 53
    • 0027243348 scopus 로고
    • Summary of the second report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) expert panel on detection, evaluation and treatment of high blood cholesterol in adults (Adult Treatment Panel II)
    • Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults. Summary of the second report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) expert panel on detection, evaluation and treatment of high blood cholesterol in adults (Adult Treatment Panel II). JAMA. 1993;269:3015-3022.
    • (1993) JAMA , vol.269 , pp. 3015-3022
  • 54
    • 0018736142 scopus 로고
    • Bias in analytic research
    • Sackett DL. Bias in analytic research. J Chronic Dis. 1979;32:51-63.
    • (1979) J Chronic Dis. , vol.32 , pp. 51-63
    • Sackett, D.L.1
  • 55
    • 0031747145 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of payor on use of invasive cardiac procedures and patient outcome after myocardial infarction in the United States. Participants in the National Registry of Myocardial Infarction
    • Sada MJ, French WJ, Carlisle DM, et al. Influence of payor on use of invasive cardiac procedures and patient outcome after myocardial infarction in the United States. Participants in the National Registry of Myocardial Infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1998;31:1474-1480.
    • (1998) J Am Coll Cardiol. , vol.31 , pp. 1474-1480
    • Sada, M.J.1    French, W.J.2    Carlisle, D.M.3
  • 56
    • 0027282736 scopus 로고
    • The association between on-site cardiac catheterization facilities and the use of coronary angiography after acute myocardial infarction
    • Myocardial Infarction Triage and Intervention Project Investigators
    • Every NR, Larson EB, Litwin PE, et al. The association between on-site cardiac catheterization facilities and the use of coronary angiography after acute myocardial infarction. Myocardial Infarction Triage and Intervention Project Investigators. NEJM. 1993; 329:546-551.
    • (1993) NEJM , vol.329 , pp. 546-551
    • Every, N.R.1    Larson, E.B.2    Litwin, P.E.3
  • 57
    • 0030666228 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The risks of risk adjustment
    • Iezzoni LI. The risks of risk adjustment. JAMA. 1997;278:1600-1607.
    • (1997) JAMA , vol.278 , pp. 1600-1607
    • Iezzoni, L.I.1
  • 58
    • 0029045810 scopus 로고
    • Hospitalization for congestive heart failure. Explaining racial differences
    • Alexander M, Grumbach K, Selby J, et al. Hospitalization for congestive heart failure. Explaining racial differences. JAMA. 1995;274: 1037-1042.
    • (1995) JAMA , vol.274 , pp. 1037-1042
    • Alexander, M.1    Grumbach, K.2    Selby, J.3
  • 59
    • 0030742536 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coronary heart disease incidence and survival in African-American women and men. The NHANES I Epidemiologic Follow-up Study
    • Gillum RF, Mussolino ME, Madans JH. Coronary heart disease incidence and survival in African-American women and men. The NHANES I Epidemiologic Follow-up Study. Ann Intern Med. 1997; 127:111-118.
    • (1997) Ann Intern Med. , vol.127 , pp. 111-118
    • Gillum, R.F.1    Mussolino, M.E.2    Madans, J.H.3
  • 60
    • 0030859680 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mortality from coronary heart disease and cardiovascular disease among adult U.S. Hispanics: Findings from the National Health Interview Survey (1986 to 1994)
    • Liao Y, Cooper RS, Cao G, et al. Mortality from coronary heart disease and cardiovascular disease among adult U.S. Hispanics: findings from the National Health Interview Survey (1986 to 1994). J Am Coll Cardiol. 1997:30:1200-1205.
    • (1997) J Am Coll Cardiol. , vol.30 , pp. 1200-1205
    • Liao, Y.1    Cooper, R.S.2    Cao, G.3
  • 61
    • 0029133771 scopus 로고
    • Socioeconomic indicators and mortality from coronary heart disease and cancer: A 22-year follow-up of middle-aged men
    • Bucher HC, Ragland DR. Socioeconomic indicators and mortality from coronary heart disease and cancer: a 22-year follow-up of middle-aged men. Am J Public Health. 1995;85:1231-1236.
    • (1995) Am J Public Health , vol.85 , pp. 1231-1236
    • Bucher, H.C.1    Ragland, D.R.2
  • 62
    • 0032495664 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mortality differences between black and white men in the USA: Contribution of income and other risk factors among men screened for the MRFIT
    • MRFIT Research Group Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial
    • Davey Smith G, Neaton JD, Wentworth D, et al. Mortality differences between black and white men in the USA: contribution of income and other risk factors among men screened for the MRFIT. MRFIT Research Group Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial. Lancet. 1998;351:934-939.
    • (1998) Lancet , vol.351 , pp. 934-939
    • Davey Smith, G.1    Neaton, J.D.2    Wentworth, D.3
  • 63
    • 0031159338 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physicians' judgments of the risks of cardiac procedures. Differences between cardiologists and other internists
    • Poses RM, McClish DK, Smith WR, et al. Physicians' judgments of the risks of cardiac procedures. Differences between cardiologists and other internists. Med Care. 1997;35:603-617.
    • (1997) Med Care , vol.35 , pp. 603-617
    • Poses, R.M.1    McClish, D.K.2    Smith, W.R.3
  • 64
    • 0031047837 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Systematic reviews: Synthesis of best evidence for clinical decisions
    • Cook DJ, Mulrow CD, Haynes RB. Systematic reviews: synthesis of best evidence for clinical decisions. Ann Intern Med. 1997;126:376-380.
    • (1997) Ann Intern Med. , vol.126 , pp. 376-380
    • Cook, D.J.1    Mulrow, C.D.2    Haynes, R.B.3
  • 65
    • 0030854892 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Formulating questions and locating primary studies for inclusion in systematic reviews
    • Counsell C. Formulating questions and locating primary studies for inclusion in systematic reviews. Ann Intern Med. 1997;127:380-387.
    • (1997) Ann Intern Med. , vol.127 , pp. 380-387
    • Counsell, C.1
  • 66
    • 0030693603 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitative synthesis in systematic reviews
    • Lau J, Ioannidis JP, Schmid CH. Quantitative synthesis in systematic reviews. Ann Intern Med. 1997;127:820-826.
    • (1997) Ann Intern Med. , vol.127 , pp. 820-826
    • Lau, J.1    Ioannidis, J.P.2    Schmid, C.H.3
  • 67
    • 0033549592 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Outcome following acute myocardial infarction: Are differences among physician specialties the result of quality of care or case mix?
    • Frances CD, Go AS, Dauterman KW, et al. Outcome following acute myocardial infarction: are differences among physician specialties the result of quality of care or case mix? Arch Intern Med. 1999;159:1429-1436.
    • (1999) Arch Intern Med. , vol.159 , pp. 1429-1436
    • Frances, C.D.1    Go, A.S.2    Dauterman, K.W.3
  • 68
    • 0032490147 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improving the quality of care for Medicare patients with acute myocardial infarction: Results from the Cooperative Cardiovascular Project
    • Marciniak TA, Ellerbeck EF, Radford MJ, et al. Improving the quality of care for Medicare patients with acute myocardial infarction: results from the Cooperative Cardiovascular Project. JAMA. 1998; 279:1351-1357.
    • (1998) JAMA , vol.279 , pp. 1351-1357
    • Marciniak, T.A.1    Ellerbeck, E.F.2    Radford, M.J.3
  • 69
    • 0032490156 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of local medical opinion leaders on quality of care for acute myocardial infarction: A randomized controlled trial
    • Soumerai SB, McLaughlin TJ, Gurwitz JH, et al. Effect of local medical opinion leaders on quality of care for acute myocardial infarction: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 1998;279:1358-1363.
    • (1998) JAMA , vol.279 , pp. 1358-1363
    • Soumerai, S.B.1    McLaughlin, T.J.2    Gurwitz, J.H.3
  • 70
    • 0032528707 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Closing the gap between research and practice: An overview of systematic reviews of interventions to promote the implementation of research findings
    • The Cochrane Effective Practice and Organization of Care Review Group
    • Bero LA, Grilli R, Grimshaw JM, et al. Closing the gap between research and practice: an overview of systematic reviews of interventions to promote the implementation of research findings. The Cochrane Effective Practice and Organization of Care Review Group. BMJ. 1998;317:465-468.
    • (1998) BMJ , vol.317 , pp. 465-468
    • Bero, L.A.1    Grilli, R.2    Grimshaw, J.M.3
  • 71
    • 0032482580 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Making better use of research findings
    • Haines A, Donald A. Making better use of research findings. BMJ. 1998;317:72-75.
    • (1998) BMJ , vol.317 , pp. 72-75
    • Haines, A.1    Donald, A.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.