Lack of seasonal mood change in the Icelandic population: Results of a cross-sectional study

American Journal of Psychiatry

Volumn 157, Issue 2, 2000, Pages 234-238

  Magnusson, Andres ^b   Axelsson, Johann ^b   Karlsson, Mikael M ^b   Oskarsson, Högni ^a  

^a Therapeia   (Iceland)

^b NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGED; ANXIETY NEUROSIS; ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; DEPRESSION; FEMALE; HUMAN; ICELAND; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; POPULATION RESEARCH; PREVALENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SCORING SYSTEM; SEASONAL VARIATION;

ADULT; AGED; ANXIETY DISORDERS; COHORT STUDIES; CROSS-CULTURAL COMPARISON; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES; DEPRESSIVE DISORDER; FEMALE; HUMANS; ICELAND; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PERSONALITY INVENTORY; PREVALENCE; PSYCHIATRIC STATUS RATING SCALES; REGISTRIES; SEASONAL AFFECTIVE DISORDER; SEASONS;

EID: 0033953301     PISSN: 0002953X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.157.2.234     Document Type: Article

References (35)

1. Rosenthal NE, Genhart MJ, Sack DA, Wehr TA: Seasonal affective disorder and its relevance for the understanding and treatment of bulimia, in The Psychobiology of Bulimia. Edited by Hudson JI, Pope HG. Washington DC, American Psychiatric Press, 1987, pp 205-228
2. Kaspers S, Rogers SL, Yancey A, Schulz PM, Skwerer RG, Rosenthal NE: Phototherapy in individuals with and without subsyndromal seasonal affective disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1989; 46:837-844
3. Kasper S, Wehr TA, Bartko JJ, Gaist PA, Rosenthal NE: Epidemiological findings of seasonal changes in mood and behavior: a telephone survey of Montgomery County, Maryland. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1989; 46:823-833
4. Rosen LN, Targum SD, Terman M, Bryant MJ, Hoffman H, Kasper SF, Hamovit JR, Docherty JP, Welch B, Rosenthal NE: Prevalence of seasonal affective disorders at four latitudes. Psychiatry Res 1990; 31:131-144
5. Sakamoto K, Kamo T, Nakadaira S, Tamura A, Takahashi K: A nationwide survey of seasonal affective disorder at 53 outpatient university clinics in Japan. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1993; 87:258-265
6. Carskadon MA, Acebo C: Parental reports of seasonal mood and behavior changes in children. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1993; 32:264-269
7. Williams RJ, Schmidt GG: Frequency of seasonal affective disorder among individuals seeking treatment at a northern Canadian mental health center. Psychiatry Res 1993; 46:41-45
8. Potkin SG, Zetin M, Stamkovic V, Kripke D, Bunney WE Jr: Seasonal affective disorder: prevalence varies with latitude and climate. Clin Neuropharmacol 1986; 9(suppl):181-183
9. Booker JM, Hellekson CJ: Prevalence of seasonal affective disorder in Alaska. Am J Psychiatry 1992; 149:1176-1182
10. Magnusson A, Axelsson J: The prevalence of seasonal affective disorder is low among descendants of Icelandic emigrants in Canada. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1993; 50:947-951
11. Magnusson A, Stefansson JG: Prevalence of seasonal affective disorder in Iceland. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1993; 50:941-946
12. Takahashi K, Asano Y, Kohsaka M, Okawa M, Sasaki M, Honsa Y, Higuchi T, Yamazaki J, Ishizuka Y, Kawaguchi K: Multi-center study of seasonal affective disorder in Japan: a preliminary report. J Affect Disord 1991; 21:57-65
13. Ozaki N, Ono Y, Ito A, Rosenthal NE: Prevalence of seasonal difficulties in mood and behavior among Japanese civil servants. Am J Psychiatry 1995; 152:1225-1227
14. Murase S, Murase S, Kitabatake M, Yarnauchi T, Mathe AA: Seasonal mood variations among Japanese residents of Stockholm. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1995; 92:51-55
15. Axelsson J, Stefansson JG, Magnusson A, Sigvaldason H, Karlsson MM: Seasonal affective disorders: the relevance of Icelandic and Icelandic-Canadian evidence to aetiological hypotheses, in Program and Abstracts, Sixth Meeting of the Society for Research on Biological Rhythms. Charlottesville, Va, SRBR, 1998, p 144
16. Bromet EJ, Dunn LO, Connel NM, Dew MA, Schulberg HC: Long-term reliability of diagnosing lifetime major depression in a community sample. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1986; 43:435-440
17. Wicki W, Angst J, Merikangas KR: The Zurich Study, XIV: epidemiology of seasonal depression. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 1992; 241:301-306
18. Zigmond AS, Snaith RP: The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1983; 67:361-370
19. Wilkinson MJ, Barczak P: Psychiatric screening in general practice: comparison of the General Health Questionnaire and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. J R Coll Gen Pract 1988; 38:311-313
20. Aylard PR, Gooding JH, McKenna PJ, Snaith RP: A validation study of three anxiety and depression self-assessment scales. J Psychosom Res 1987; 31:261-268
21. Nayyar K, Cochrane R: Seasonal changes in affective state measured prospectively and retrospectively. Br J Psychiatry 1996; 168:627-632
22. Schaaber U, Smari J, Oskarsson H: Comparison of the hospital anxiety and depression scale with other rating scales. Nord Psykiatr Tidsskr 1990; 44:507-512
23. Herrmann C: International experience with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale - a review of validation data and clinical results. J Psychosom Res 1997; 42:17-41
24. Dixon WJ (ed): BMDP Statistical Software Manual, 1990 ed, vols 1 and 2. Berkeley, University of California Press, 1990
25. Lacoste V, Wirz JA: Seasonality in personality dimensions. Psychiatry Res 1987; 21:181-183
26. Lacoste V, Wirz JA: Seasonal variation in normal subjects: an update of variables current in depression research, in Seasonal Affective Disorders and Phototherapy. Edited by Rosenthal NE, Blehar MC. New York, Guilford Press, 1989, pp 167-229
27. Terman M, Botticelli SR, Link BG, Quitkin FM, Hardin TE, Rosenthal NE: Seasonal symptom patterns in New York: patients and population, in Seasonal Affective Disorders. Edited by Thompson C, Silverstone T. London, CNS, 1989, pp 77-95
28. Haggag A, Eklund B, Linaker O, Gotestam KG: Seasonal mood variation: an epidemiological study in northern Norway. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1990; 81:141-145
29. Schlager D, Schwartz JE, Bromet EJ: Seasonal variations of current symptoms in a healthy population. Br J Psychiatry 1993; 163:322-326
30. Harris S, Dawson-Hughes B: Seasonal mood changes in 250 normal women. Psychiatry Res 1993; 49:77-87
31. Nayha S, Vaisanen E, Hassi J: Season and mental illness in an Arctic area of northern Finland. Acta Psychiatr Scand Suppl 1994; 377:46-49
32. Mersch PPA, Middendorp H, Bouhuys AL, Beersma DGM, Van den Hoofdakker RH: The prevalence of seasonal affective disorder in the Netherlands. Acta Neuropsychiatr 1995; 7: 47-49
33. Suhail K, Cochrane R: Seasonal changes in affective state in samples of Asian and white women. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 1997; 32:149-157
34. Hotopf M: Seasonal affective disorder, environmental hypersensitivity and somatization. Br J Psychiatry 1994; 164:246-248
35. Stefansson JG, Magnusson A, Karlsson MM, Axelsson J: Low prevalence of SAD in Icelanders and Canadians of Icelandic descent. Arctic Med Res 1994; 53(suppl 2):491-492