The Internet, democracy and democratization

Democratization

Volumn 7, Issue 1, 2000, Pages 1-17

  Ferdinand, Peter ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WARWICK   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

DEMOCRACY; DEMOCRATIZATION; INTERNET; POLITICAL CHANGE;

EID: 0033949610     PISSN: 13510347     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/13510340008403642     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. Cyberatlas at http://cyberatlas.internet.com/big_picture/demographics/article/0, 1323, 5911-1511 51, 00.html
2. StatMarket at www.statmarket.com/SM?c=stat061599
3. Peter Schwartz, Eamonn Kelly and Nicole Boyer, 'The Emerging Global Knowledge Economy', in The Future of the Global Economy: Towards a Long Boom? (Paris: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 1999), p.91.
4. Lawrence K. Grossman, The Electronic Republic: Reshaping Democracy in America (New York: Viking, 1995).
5. See, for example, Don Tapscott, The Digital Economy: Promise and Peril in the Age of Networked Intelligence (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1995); Schwartz, Kelly and Boyer make a related point, that the knowledge revolution will transform the basis of market economics and make market estimates of the 'real' value of ideas extremely problematic, in 'The Emerging Global Knowledge Economy', pp.81-90.
6. See, for example, Don Tapscott, The Digital Economy: Promise and Peril in the Age of Networked Intelligence (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1995); Schwartz, Kelly and Boyer make a related point, that the knowledge revolution will transform the basis of market economics and make market estimates of the 'real' value of ideas extremely problematic, in 'The Emerging Global Knowledge Economy', pp.81-90.
7. Cited in Tapscott, The Digital Economy, p.160.
8. Report of the National Performance Review, Creating a Government that Works Better and Costs Less (Washington, DC: Silicon Pr., 1994), p.32.
9. See, for example, Roger Freeman, Democracy in the Digital Age (London: Demos, 1997); and George Lawson, NetState: Creating Electronic Government (London: Demos, 1998).
10. See, for example, Roger Freeman, Democracy in the Digital Age (London: Demos, 1997); and George Lawson, NetState: Creating Electronic Government (London: Demos, 1998).
11. www.gov.cn/news/xinw2.htm and and www.gmd.com.cn/gm/19990127/gb/17950∧GM9-27 16.htm
12. Tapscott, Digital Economy, pp.160-62.
13. For a review of experiences, see Modernising Local Government: Moving Towards E-Democracy (Northampton: Society of Information Technology Management Services Ltd., 1999).
14. For examples, see Roza Tsagarousiannou, Damian Tambini and Cathy Brian (eds.), Cyberdemocracy: Technology, Cities and Civic Networks (London: Routledge, 1998).
15. See the basic web site www.catalonia.net as well as the sites linked to it.
16. Benjamin Barber, Strong Democracy: Participatory Politics for a New Age (San Francisco, CA: California University Press, 1984); an update can be found in Benjamin Barber, 'Three Scenarios for the Future of Technology and Strong Democracy', Political Science Quarterly, Vol.113, No.4 (1998-9), pp.573-89.
17. Benjamin Barber, Strong Democracy: Participatory Politics for a New Age (San Francisco, CA: California University Press, 1984); an update can be found in Benjamin Barber, 'Three Scenarios for the Future of Technology and Strong Democracy', Political Science Quarterly, Vol.113, No.4 (1998-9), pp.573-89.
18. Ian Budge, The New Challenge of Direct Democracy (Cambridge: Polity, 1996), p.193.
19. Jon Katz, 'The Digital Citizen', Wired (December 1997), pp.68-82, 274-5.
20. Bert Mulder, 'Parliamentary Futures: Re-Presenting the Issue', Parliamentary Affairs, Vol.52, No.3 (1999), p.561.
21. Parliament in the Age of the Internet, Parliamentary Affairs, Vol.52, No.3 (1999).
22. Ibid., p.560.
23. See www.bundestag.de especially the 'Diskussionsforum'.
24. Karl Lofgren, Kim V. Anderson and Mette Frithiof Sorensen, 'The Danish Parliament Going Virtual', Parliamentary Affairs, Vol.52, No.3 (1999), pp.493-502.
25. www.Scottish-parliament.com/thinktank/index.shtml and www.Scottish-parliament.com/ opinion/index.shtml For a discussion of the existing use of the Internet at Westminster, see Stephen Coleman, 'Westminster in the Information Age', Parliamentary Affairs, Vol.52, No.3 (1999), pp.371-87.
26. For the report that surveyed American experience and laid the foundation for the change, see Transparency and Openness in Scientific Advisory Committees: The American Experience (Luxembourg: Scientific and Technological Options Assessment (STOA), European Parliament, PE 167 327/Fin.St., 1998).
27. For a discussion of their significance in this context, see Manuel Castells, The Power of Identity. The Information Age: Economy, Society and Culture, Vol.2 (Oxford and Malden, MA: Blackwell, 1997), pp.84-97.
28. www.auburn.edu/tann
29. See www.e-democracy.org/
30. See www.dnet.org/ and www.webwhiteblue.org/ An account of the Democracy Network can be found in Sharon Docter, William Dutton and Anita Elberse, 'An American Democracy Network: Factors Shaping the Future of On-Line Political Campaigns', Parliamentary Affairs, Vol.52, No.3 (1999), pp.535-52.
31. For a full discussion of the issues involved, see Robin Whittle, '"Refused Access Lists"? Why Internet communications cannot be reliably blocked', at http://www.ozemail.com.au/ firstpr/contreg/refused.htm
32. Tom Stonier, 'The Microelectronic Revolution, Soviet Political Structure and the Future of East/West Relations', Political Quarterly, Vol.54 (1983), pp.137-51.
33. Charles Swett, Strategic Assessment:The Internet (Washington, DC: Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Special Operations and Low-Intensity Conflict (Policy Planning), the Pentagon, 17 July 1995, as posted on the Internet by the Project on Government Secrecy of the Federation of American Scientists, at www.fas.org/cp/swett.html
34. Ibid.
35. See below p.71-2.
36. Alejandra Moreno Toscano, Turbulencia politica: causas y razones del 94 (Mexico City: Moreno, 1996), p.82, cited in Manuel Castells, The Power of Identity, p.73.
37. Alejandra Moreno Toscano, Turbulencia politica: causas y razones del 94 (Mexico City: Moreno, 1996), p.82, cited in Manuel Castells, The Power of Identity, p.73.
38. Castells, ibid., p.80.
39. David Ronfeldt, John Arquilla, Graham Fuller and Melissa Fuller, The Zapatista 'Social Netwar' in Mexico (Santa Monica, CA: Rand, 1998), p.1.
40. For the Serbian Democratic Party web site, see www.dssrbije.org.yu/index.html. For B92, see www.b92.com. For a long and very detailed account of B92's problems and the ways in which it attempted to cope with them, as well as recommendations for western countries in dealing with similar situations in the future, see www.nyu.edu/globalbeat/balkan/ Matic0299.html
41. For examples of web-sites devoted to Anwar Ibrahim and Reformasi, see (i) http://members. tripod.com/Anwar-Online/main.htm (ii) www.geocities.com/Tokyo/Flats/3797/berita.htm (iii) http://members.xoom.com/Gerakan A fairly full index of such sites can be found at http://members.tripod.com/REFORMASI_MALAYSIA/resources.htm