Intrapartum fetal monitoring: Its basis and current developments

Prenatal and Neonatal Medicine

Volumn 5, Issue 3, 2000, Pages 155-168

  Rosen K G ^b,c,d   Luzietti, R ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PERUGIA   (Italy)

^b PLYMOUTH UNIVERSITY PENINSULA SCHOOLS OF MEDICINE AND DENTISTRY   (United Kingdom)

^c Neoventa Medical AB   (Sweden)

^d Neoventa Medical   (Sweden)

Author keywords

ASPHYXIA; FETAL MONITORING; HEART RATE; INTRAPARTUM; LABOR

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; COMPUTER ASSISTED DIAGNOSIS; ELECTROCARDIOGRAM; FETUS; FETUS MONITORING; HUMAN; HYPOXEMIA; PATIENT MONITORING; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PULSE OXIMETRY; ST SEGMENT;

EID: 0033940530     PISSN: 13598635     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (39)

1. 1. Larsen JF. Why has conventional intrapartum cardiotocography not given the expected results? J Perinat Med 1996;24:15-23
2. 2. Nelson KB, Ellenberg JH. Antecedents of cerebral palsy. N Engl J Med 1986;315:81-6
3. 3. Greene KR. Intelligent fetal heart rate computer systems in intrapartum surveillance. Curr Opin Obstet Gynaecol 1996;8:123-7
4. 4. Umstad MP, Permezel M, Pepperell RJ. Litigation and the intrapartum cardiotocograph. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1995;102:89-91
5. 5. Murphy KW, Johnson P, Moorcraft J, Pattinson R, Russell V, Turnbull A. Birth asphyxia and the intrapartum cardiotocograph. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1990; 97:470-9
6. 6. Thacker S.B. Effectiveness and safety of intrapartum fetal monitoring. In Spencer JAD, ed. Fetal Monitoring. London: Castle House Publications, 1989:211-17
7. 7. Capstick JB, Edwards PJ. Medicine and the law. Lancet 1990;336:931-2
8. 8. Low JA. The relationship of asphyxia in the mature fetus to long-term neurologic function. Clin Obstet Gynecol 1993;36:82-90
9. 9. Greene KR, Rosén KG. Intrapartum asphyxia. In Levene MI, Bennett MJ, Punt J, eds. Fetal and Neonatal Neurology and Neurosurgery. Edinburgh, London, Melbourne, New York: Churchill Livingstone, 1995: 265-72
10. 10. Westgate J, Greene KR. How well is fetal blood sampling used in clinical practice? Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1994;101:250-1
11. 11. Whebble AM, Gillmer MDG, Spencer JAD, Sykes GS. Changes in fetal monitoring practice in the UK: 1997-1984. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1989;96:1140-7
12. 12. Saling E. Neues Vorgehen zur Untersuchung des Kindes unter der Geburt-einführung, Technik, Grundlagen. Arch Gynakol 1962;197:108-22
13. 13. Goodwin TM, Milner-Masterson L, Paul RH. Elimination of fetal scalp blood sampling on a large clinical service. Obstet Gynecol 1994;83:971-4
14. 14. Greene KR. Scalp blood gas analysis. In antepartum and intrapartum fetal assessment. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am 1999;26:641-56
15. 15. FDA Obstetrics-Gynecology Devices Panel Meeting Summaries, Jan 24-25, 2000. www.fda.gov
16. 16. Richardson B, Nodwell A, Webster K, Alshimmiri M, Gagnon R, Natale R. Fetal oxygen saturation and fractional extraction at birth and the relationship to measures of acidosis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1998; 178:572-9
17. 17. Arikan GM, Scholz HS, Haeusler MC, Giuliani A, Haas J, Weiss PA. Low fetal oxygen saturation at birth and acidosis. Obstet Gynecol 2000;95:565-71
18. 18. Widmark C, Lindecrantz K, Murray H, Rosén KG. Changes in the PR, RR and ST waveform of the fetal lamb electrocardiogram with acute hypoxemia. J Dev Physiol 1992;18:99-103
19. 19. Luzietti R, Erkkola R, Hasbargen U, Mattson LÅ, Thoulon JM, Rosén KG. European Community Multicentre Trial 'Fetal ECG analysis during labour': the P-R interval. J Perinat Med 1997;25:27-34
20. 20. van Wijngaarden WJ. The fetal electrocardiogram: the PR-FHR relationship. Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on Intrapartum Fetal Surveillance, Stockholm, 1999
21. 21. Miranda CP, Lehmann KG, Froelicher VF. Correlation between resting ST segment depression, exercise testing, coronary angiography, and long-term prognosis. Am Heart J 1991;122:1617-28
22. 22. Hökegård KH, Eriksson BO, Kjellmer I, Magno R, Rosén KG. Myocardial metabolism in relation to electrocardiographic changes and cardiac function during graded hypoxia in the fetal lamb. Acta Physiol Scand 1981;113:1-7
23. 23. Dawes GS, Mott JC, Shelley HJ. The importance of cardiac glycogen for the maintenance of life in fetal lambs and newborn animals during anoxia. J Physiol 1959;146:516-38
24. 24. Rosén KG, Isaksson O. Alterations in fetal heart rate and ECG correlated to glycogen, creatine phosphate and ATP levels during graded hypoxia. Biol Neonate 1976;30:17-24
25. 25. Rosén KG, Dagbjartsson A, Henriksson BA, Lagercrantz H, Kjellmer I. The relationship between circulating catecholamines and ST waveform in the fetal lamb electrocardiogram during hypoxia. Am J Obstet Gynaecol 1984;149:190-5
26. 26. Arulkumaran S, Lilja H, Lindecrantz K, Ratnam SS, Thavarasah AS, Rosén KG. Fetal ECG waveform analysis should improve fetal surveillance in labor. J Perinat Med 1990;18:13-22
27. 27. Widmark C, Jansson T, Lindecrantz K, Rosén KG. ECG waveform, short term heart rate variability and plasma catecholamine concentrations in response to hypoxia in intrauterine growth retarded guinea pig fetuses. J Dev Physiol 1991;15:161-8
28. 28. Rosén KG, Arulkumaran S, Greene KR, Lilja H, Lindecrantz K, Seneviratne H, Widmark C. Clinical validity of fetal ECG waveform analysis. In Sahling E, ed. Perinatology. New York: Raven Press, 1992:95-110
29. 29. Lilja H, Greene KR, Karlsson K, Rosén KG. ST waveform changes of the fetal electrocardiogram during labour - a clinical study. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1985;92: 611-17
30. 30. Rosén KG, Lindecrantz A. STAN: the Gothenburg model for fetal surveillance during labour by ST analysis of the fetal electrocardiogram. Clin Phys Physiol Meas 1989;10:51-6
31. 31. Lindecrantz K, Lilja H, Widmark C, Rosén KG. The fetal ECG during labour. A suggested standard. J Biomed Eng 1988;10:351-3
32. 32. Westgate J, Keith RD, Curnow JS, Ifeachor EC, Greene KR. Suitability of scalp electrodes for monitoring the fetal electrocardiogram during labour. Clin Phys Physiol Meas 1990;11:297-306
33. 33. Westgate J, Harris M, Curnow JSH, Greene KR. Plymouth randomised trial of cardiotocogram only versus ST waveform plus cardiotocogram for intrapartum monitoring: 2,400 cases. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1993;169:1151-60
34. 34. Rosén KG, Luzietti R. The fetal electrocardiogram: ST waveform analysis during labour. J Perinat Med 1994; 22:502-12
35. 35. Luzietti R, Erkkola R, Hasbargen U, Mattsson L, Thoulon J-M, Rosén KG. European community multi-center trial 'Fetal ECG analysis during labour': ST plus CTG analysis. J Perinat Med 1999;27:431-40
36. 36. MacLennan A. A template for defining a causal relation between acute intrapartum events and cerebral palsy: international consensus statement. Br Med J 1999;319: 1054-9
37. 37. Siggaard-Andersen O. An acid base chart for arterial blood with normal and pathophysiological reference areas. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 1971;27:239-45
38. 38. Rosén KG, Murphy K. How to assess fetal metabolic acidosis from cord samples. J Perinat Med 1991;19: 221-6
39. 39. Whittle M. Is it time to abandon cardiotocographic ECG analysis? Commentary. Lancet 2000;355:422