The hazards of eruptions through lakes and seawater

Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research

Volumn 97, Issue 1-4, 2000, Pages 195-214

  Mastin, L G ^a   Witter, J B ^b  

^a U S GEOLOGICAL SURVEY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON   (United States)

Author keywords

Base surges; Crater lakes; Lahars; Phreatomagmatic eruptions; Submarine volcanoes; Tsunamis; Volcanic risk

Indexed keywords

CRATER LAKE; HAZARD; LAHAR; SEAWATER; SUBMARINE VOLCANO; TSUNAMI; VOLCANIC ERUPTION;

EID: 0033939188     PISSN: 03770273     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0377-0273(99)00174-2     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (97)

1. Anderson T., Flett J.S. Report on the eruption of the Soufriere in St. Vincent. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London, Ser. A. 22:1903;354-553.
2. Aspinall W.P., Sigurdsson H., Shepherd J.B. Eruption of Soufriere volcano on St. Vincent island. Science. 181:1973;117-124.
3. Ball E.E., Johnson R.W. Volcanic history of Long Island, Papua New Guinea. Johnson R.W. Volcanism in Australasia. 1976;133-147 Elsevier, Amsterdam.
4. Blong R.J. The Time of Darkness: Local Legends and Volcanic Reality in Papua New Guinea. 1982;University of Seattle Press, Seattle, WA. 257 pp.
5. Blong R.J. Volcanic Hazards. 1984;Academic Press, New York. 424 pp.
6. Brouwer H.A. De vulkaan Raoeng (Oost Java) en zijn erupties. Jb. Mijnwezen. 42:1913;51-87.
7. Chrétien S., Brousse R. Events preceding the great eruption of 18 May at Mount Pelée, Martinique. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 38:1989;67-75.
8. Christenson B.W., Wood C.P. Evolution of a vent-hosted hydrothermal system beneath Ruapehu Crater Lake. New Zealand. Bull. Volcanol. 55:(8):1993;547-565.
9. Cole J.W., Nairn I.A. Catalogue of the Active Volcanoes of the World, Including Solfatara Fields: Part 22: New Zealand. 1975;International Association of Volcanology, Naples. 156 pp.
10. Cooke R.J.S. Eruptive history of the volcano at Ritter Island. Johnson R.W. Cooke-Ravian Volume of Volcanological Papers. Geological Survey of Papua New Guinea. Mem. 10:1981;115-123.
11. Cooke R.J.S., McKee C.O., Dent V.F., Wallace D.A. Striking sequence of volcanic eruptions in the Bismarck Volcanic Arc, Papua New Guinea, in 1972-75. Johnson R.W. Volcanism in Australasia. 1976;149-172 Elsevier, Amsterdam.
12. Costa J.E. Floods from dam failures. Baker V.R., Kochel R.C., Patton P.C. Flood Geomorphology. 1988;439-463.
13. Decker R.W., Christiansen R.L. Explosive eruptions of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii. National Research Council. Explosive Volcanism: Inception, Evolution, and Hazards. Studies in Geophysics. 1984;122-132.
14. Devine J.D., Sigurdsson H. Petrology and eruption styles of Kick'em Jenny submarine volcano, Lesser Antilles island arc. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 69:1995;35-58.
15. Doumas C. Archaeological observations at Akrotiri relating to volcanic destruction. Hardy D.A., Renfrew A.C. Thera and the Aegean World III. 3:1990;48-50 The Thera Foundation, London.
16. Ellis W. Journal of William Ellis. 1827;Advertiser Publishing, Honolulu, HI.
17. Fisher R.V., Schmincke H.-U. Pyroclastic Rocks. 1984;Springer, Berlin. 472 pp.
18. Fisher R.V., Waters A.C. Base surge bed forms in maar volcanoes. Am. J. Sci. 268:1970;157-180.
19. Fiske R.S., Sigurdsson H. Soufriere Volcano, St. Vincent: observations of its eruption from the ground, aircraft, and satellites. Science. 216:1982;1105-1107.
20. Francis P. Volcanoes: A Planetary Perspective. 1993;Oxford University Press, New York. 443 pp.
21. Fytikas M., Kolios N., Vougioukalakis G. Post-Minoan volcanic activity of the Santorini volcano: volcanic hazard and risk, forecasting possibilities. Hardy D. Thera and the Aegean World III, 3. The Thera Foundation, London. 1990;183-198.
22. Hadikusumo D. Indonesian. Bull. Volcanol. Eruptions. 6:1967;7-8.
23. Heiken G., Wohletz K.H., McCoy F. Jr. Phreatomagmatic ash deposits associated with caldera collapse in a shallow submarine environment. Eos. 64:(45):1983;876.
24. Hitchcock C.H. Hawaii and its Volcanoes. 1909;Hawaiian Gazette, Honolulu, HI. 314 pp.
25. Johnson R.W., Everingham I.B., Cooke R.J.S. Submarine volcanic eruptions in Papua New Guinea: 1878 activity of Vulcan (Rabaul) and other examples. Johnson R.W. Cooke Ravian Volume of Volcanological Papers. Geological Survey of Papua New Guinea. Mem. 10:1981;167-179.
26. Johnson R.W. Large-scale volcanic cone collapse: the slope failure of Ritter volcano, and other examples from Papua New Guinea. Bull. Volcanol. 49:1987;669-679.
27. Johnson R.W., Threlfall N.A. Volcano Town: The 1937-43 Rabaul Eruptions. 1985;Robert Brown and Associates, Buranda, Australia. 151 pp.
28. Judd J.W. On the volcanic phenomena of the eruption, and on the nature and distribution of the ejected materials. Symons G.J. The Eruption of Krakatoa, and Subsequent Phenomena. 1888;1-56.
29. Judd J.W. The earlier eruptions of Krakatoa. Nature. 40:1889;365-366.
30. Kienle J., Kyle P.R., Self S., Motyka R.J., Lorenz V. Ukinrek Maars, Alaska, I. April eruption sequence, petrology and tectonic setting. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 7:1980;11-37.
31. Knox, J. B., Rohrer, R. 1963. Project pre-buggy-base surge analysis, California University, Lawrence Livermore Radiation Lab, PNE-304, 37 pp.
32. Kobayashi T., Ishihara K. Historic eruptions and recent activities. Aramaki S., Kamo K., Kamada M. A Guide Book for Sakurajima Volcano. 1988;7-12.
33. Koyaguchi T., Woods A. On the formation of eruption columns following explosive mixing of magma and surface water. J. Geophys. Res. 101:(B3):1996;5561-5574.
34. Kuno H. Catalogue of the Active Volcanoes of the World, Including Solfatara Fields. Part XI. Japan, Taiwan and Marianas. 1961;International Association of Volcanology, Rome. 332 pp.
35. Latter J.H. Tsunamis of volcanic origin: summary of causes, with particular reference to Krakatoa. Bull. Volcanol. 44:(3):1981;467-490.
36. Lacroix A. La Montagne Pelée et ses eruptions. 1904;Masson et Cie, Paris. 664 pp.
37. Lorenz V. On the formation of maars. Bull. Volcanol. 37:(2):1973;183-204.
38. Mastin L.G. Thermodynamics of gas and steam-blast eruptions. Bull. Volcanol. 57:(2):1995;85-98.
39. Mastin L.G. Evidence for water influx from a caldera lake during the explosive hydromagmatic eruption of 1790, Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii. J. Geophys. Res. 102:(B9):1997;20093-20109.
40. McCall G.J., LeMaitre R.W., Malahoff A., Robinson G.P., Stephenson P.J. The geology and geophysics of Ambrym Caldera, New Hebrides. Bull. Volcanol. 34:1970;681-696.
41. McClelland L., Simkin T., Summers M., Nielsen E., Stein T.C. Global Volcanism, 1975-1985. 1989;Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ. 655 pp.
42. McCoy, F.W. 1997. Tsunami deposits on Santorini (Thera) Island, Greece, from the Minoan, late Bronze Age eruption of Thera Volcano [abstract], in: Geological Society of America, Cordilleran Section meeting, Kona, Hawaii, p. 28.
43. McPhie J., Walker G.P.L., Christiansen R.L. Phreatomagmatic and phreatic fall and surge deposits from explosions at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, A.D. 1790: Keanakakoi Ash Member. Bull. Volcanol. 52:1990;334-354.
44. Miyoshi H., Akiba Y. The tsunamis caused by the Myojin explosions. J. Oceanogr. Soc. Jpn. 10:(2):1954;49-59.
45. Moore J.G. Base surge in recent volcanic eruptions. Bull. Volcanol. 30:1967;337-363.
46. Moore J.G., Nakamura K., Alcaraz A. The eruption of Taal volcano. Science. 151:1966;955-960.
47. Morimoto R. Submarine eruption of the Myojin reef. Bull. Volcanol. 23:1960;151-160.
48. Nairn I.A. Rotomahana-Waimangu eruption, 1886: base surge and basalt magma. N.Z. J. Geol. Geophys. 22:(3):1979;363-378.
49. Nairn I.A., Wood C.P., Hewson C.A.Y. Phreatic eruptions of Ruapehu: April 1975. N.Z. J. Geol. Geophys. 22:(2):1979;155-173.
50. Neall V.E. Lahars as major geological hazards. Bull. Int. Assoc. Eng. Geol. 14:1976;233-240.
51. Neuman Van Padang M. Catalogue of the Active Volcanoes of Indonesia. Catalogue of the Active Volcanoes of the World. 1951;International Volcanological Association, Naples. 271 pp.
52. Newhall C.G., Self S. The volcanic explosivity index (VEI): an estimate of explosive magnitude for historical volcanism. J. Geophys. Res. 87:1982;1231-1238.
53. Niino H. Observations on the eruption of Myojin-sho: (a) Phenomena of the eruption. J. Tokyo Univ. Fisheries. 40:(2):1953;9-15.
54. Omori F. The Sakura-jima eruptions and earthquakes II. Bull. Imp. Earthq. Inv. Commun. 8:1914;35-179.
55. Orsi G., D'Antonio M., de Vita S., Gallo G. The Neapolitan Yellow Tuff, a large-magnitude trachytic phreatoplinian eruption: eruptive dynamics, magma withdrawal and caldera collapse. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 53:1992;275-287.
56. Pain C.F., Blong R.J., McKee C.O. Pyroclastic deposits and eruptive sequences of Long Island. Johnson R.W. Cooke-Ravian Volume of Volcanological Papers. Geological Survey of Papua New Guinea. Mem. 10:1981;101-107.
57. Pratt W.E. The eruption of Taal Volcano, 30 January, 1911. Philippine J. Sci. 6A:1911;63-83.
58. Reynolds M.A., Best J.G. Summary of the 1953-57 eruption of Tuluman Volcano, Papua New Guinea. Johnson R.W. Volcanism in Australasia. Elsevier, Amsterdam. 1976;287-296.
59. Richards A.F. Geology of the Islas Revillagigedo, Mexico, 1. Birth and development of Volcán Bárcena, Isla San Benedicto (1). Bull. Volcanol. 22:1959;73-123.
60. Robin C., Monzier M., Eissen J.P. Formation of the mid-fifteenth century Kuwae caldera (Vanuatu) by an initial hydroclastic and subsequent ignimbritic eruption. Bull. Volcanol. 56:1994;170-183.
61. Robson G.R., Tomblin J.F. Catalogue of the Active Volcanoes of the World, Including Solfatara Fields. Part XX, West Indies. 1966;International Association of Volcanology, Naples. 56 pp.
62. Rohrer, R. 1965. Base surges and cloud formation-Project pre-Schooner. California University Livermore, Lawrence Radiation Lab, PNE-503F, 10 pp.
63. Sapper, K. 1927. Vulkankunde. J. Engelhorns Nachf., Stuttgart, 424 pp.
64. Self S., Rampino M.R. The eruption of Krakatau. Nature. 292:1980;699-704.
65. Self S., Sparks R.S.J. Characteristics of widespread pyroclastic deposits formed by interaction of silicic magma and water. Bull. Volcanol. 41:(3):1978;197-212.
66. Self S., Kienle J., Huot J.-P. Ukinrek Maars, Alaska. II. Deposits and formation of the craters. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 7:1980;39-65.
67. Shepherd J.B., Sigurdsson H. Mechanism of the explosive eruption of Soufriere Volcano, St. Vincent. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 13:1982;119-130.
68. Sheridan M.F., Wohletz K.H. Hydrovolcanism: basic consideration and review. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 17:1983;1-29.
69. Simkin, T.L., Fiske, R.S. 1983. Krakatau 1883: The Volcanic Eruption and its Effects. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, 464 pp.
70. Simkin T.L., Siebert L. Volcanoes of the World. 1994;Geoscience Press, Tucson, AZ. 349 pp.
71. Lokon-Empung (Indonesia): Explosions empty crater lake; mud flows. SEAN Bull. 11:(3):1986;19.
72. Rincon de la Vieja (Costa Rica): Phreatic eruption; lahars. Global Volc. Net. Bull. 12:(4):1987;5-6.
73. Kelut. Global Volc. Net. Bull. 15:(1):1990;2-3.
74. Rincon de la Vieja (Costa Rica) Ash ejection and lahars. Global Volc. Net. Bull. 16:(4):1991a;6.
75. Rincon de la Vieja (Costa Rica) More details on 8 May eruption and deposits. Global Volc. Net. Bull. 16:(5):1991b;18.
76. Copahue (Argentina/Chile) Small explosions; earthquakes and tremor; pyroclastic sulfur ejected. Global Volc. Net. Bull. 17:(10):1992;8-10.
77. Long Island (Papua New Guinea) Eruptions ends; details of activity given. Global Volc. Net. Bull. 18:(12):1993;6-7.
78. Rabaul (Papua New Guinea) Major eruption sends plume to 18 km and covers Rabaul town with ash. Global Volc. Net. Bull. 19:(8):1994a;2-6.
79. Rinjani (Indonesia) Ash eruptions continue; cold lahar kills 30 people. Global Volc. Net. Bull. 19:(10):1994b;3.
80. Aoba (Vanuatu) Increased steam emissions and seismicity in early March; evacuation preparations made. Global Volc. Net. Bull. 20:(2):1995a;6-8.
81. Ruapehu (New Zealand) Large eruptions produce lahars and send plumes to over 10 km altitude. Global Volc. Net. Bull. 20:(9):1995b;2-4.
82. Rincon de la Vieja (Costa Rica) New eruption; lahars damage a bridge and lead to an evacuation. Global Volc. Net. Bull. 20:(10):1995c;2.
83. Karymsky (Kamchatka) More details about the early January eruptions. Global Volc. Net. Bull. 21:(3):1996;9-10.
84. Stehn C.E. The geology and volcanism of the Krakatau Group. Proceedings of the Fourth Pacific Science Congress (Batavia). 1929;1-55.
85. Swanson D.A., Christiansen R.L. Tragic base surge in 1790 at Kilauea Volcano. Geology. 1:1973;83-86.
86. Thorarinsson S. Surtsey - the New Island in the North Atlantic. 1967;Viking Press, New York. 47 pp.
87. Thorarinsson S., Einarsson T., Sigvaldason G., Elisson G. The submarine eruption off the Vestmann Islands 1963-64. Bull. Volcanol. 27:1964;435-445.
88. Verbeek, R.D.M. 1885. Krakatau, Batavia, Jakarta, 495pp.
89. Warden A.J. Evolution of Aoba Caldera Volcano, New Hebrides. Bull. Volcanol. 34:(1):1970;107-140.
90. Waters A.C., Fisher R.V. Base surges and their deposits: Capelinhos and Taal volcanoes. J. Geophys. Res. 76:(23):1971;5596-5613.
91. Wohletz K.H. Explosive magma-water interactions: thermodynamics, explosion mechanisms, and field studies. Bull. Volcanol. 48:1986;245-264.
92. Worcester D.C. Taal Volcano and its recent destructive eruption. National Geographic. 23:1912;313-367.
93. Yokoyama I. The tsunami caused by the prehistoric eruption of Thera: Thera and the Aegean World I. Doumas C. Papers presented at the Second International Science Congress, August. 1978;277-283.
94. Yokoyama I. A geophysical interpretation of the Krakatau eruption. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 9:1981;359-378.
95. Young, G.A., 1965. The physics of the base-surge. White Oak, Md. U.S. Naval Ordnance Lab., AD-618733, 294 pp.
96. Zen M.T., Hadikusumo D. The future danger of Mt. Kelut (eastern Java-Indonesia). Bull. Volcanol. 28:1965;275-282.
97. Zimanowski B., Fröhlich G., Lorenz V. Quantitative experiments on phreatomagmatic explosions. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 48:1991;341-348.