Seedling dynamics over thirty-two years in a tropical rain forest tree

Ecology

Volumn 81, Issue 2, 2000, Pages 568-584

  Connell, Joseph H ^a,c   Green, Peter T ^b,c,d  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

^c Coop Res Ctr Trop Rain Forest E ^*  (Australia)

^d CSIRO   (Australia)

Author keywords

Chrysophyllum; Dispersal limitation; Masting; Rain forest; Recruitment limitation; Recruitment, episodic; Recruitment, seedling; Supply side ecology; Tropical

Indexed keywords

MORTALITY; POPULATION DYNAMICS; RECRUITMENT; SEEDLING;

AUSTRALIA; QUEENSLAND;

CHRYSOPHYLLUM; SAPOTACEAE;

EID: 0033934772     PISSN: 00129658     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1890/0012-9658(2000)081[0568:SDOTTY]2.0.CO;2     Document Type: Article

References (77)

1. Allen, T. F. H., and T. B. Starr. 1982. Hierarchy: perspectives for ecological diversity. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
2. Appanah, S. 1985. General flowering in the climax rain forests of South-east Asia. Journal of Tropical Ecology 1:225-240.
3. Ashton, P. S., T. J. Givinish, and S. Appanah. 1988. Staggered flowering in the Dipterocarpaceae: new insights into floral induction and the evolution of mast fruiting in the aseasonal tropics. American Naturalist 132:44-66.
4. Augspurger, C. K. 1982. A cue for synchronous flowering. Pages 133-150 in E. G. Leigh, A. S. Rand, and D. M. Windsor, editors. The ecology of a tropical forest. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C., USA.
5. Bullock, S. H., and K. S. Bawa. 1982. Sexual dimorphism and annual flowering pattern in Jacartia dolichaula (D. Smith) Woodson (Cariacaceae) in a Costa Rican rain forest. Ecology 62:1494-1504.
6. Caley, M. J., M. H. Carr, M. A. Hixon, T. P. Hughes, G. P. Jones, and B. A. Menge. 1996. Recruitment and the local dynamics of open marine populations. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 27:477-500.
7. Clark, D. A., and D. B. Clark, 1992. Life history diversity of canopy and emergent trees in a neotropical rain forest. Ecological Monographs 62:315-344.
8. Connell, J. H., P. T. Green, C. A. Gehring, T. C. Thiemer, and L. P. Goldwasser. 1999. Dynamics of seedling recruitment in an Australian tropical rain forest. In press in Rain forests: past and future. Proceedings of an International Symposium organised by the CRC for Tropical Forest Ecology and Management (Cairns) and the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (Panama).
9. Connell, J. H., T. P. Hughes, and C. C. Wallace. 1997a. A 30-year study of coral abundance, recruitment and disturbance at several scales in space and time. Ecological Monographs 67:461-488.
10. Connell, J. H., M. D. Lowman, and I. R. Noble. 1997b. Subcanopy gaps in tropical and temperate forests. Australian Journal of Ecology 22:163-168.
11. Connell, J. H., J. G. Tracey, and L. J. Webb. 1984. Compensatory recruitment, growth, and mortality as factors maintaining rain forest tree diversity. Ecological Monographs 54:141-164.
12. Dalling, J. W., S. P. Hubbell, and K. Silvera. 1998. Seed dispersal, seedling establishment and gap partitioning among tropical pioneer trees. Journal of Ecology 86:674-689.
13. Dayton, P. K., and M. J. Tegner. 1984. The importance of scale in ecology: a kelp forest example with terrestrial analogs. Pages 457-481 in P. W. Price, C. N. Slobodchikoff, and W. S. Gaud, editors. A new ecology. Wiley, New York, New York, USA.
14. De Steven, D. 1994. Tropical seedling dynamics: recruitment patterns and their population consequences for three canopy species in Panama. Journal of Tropical Ecology 10: 369-383.
15. Flood, J. 1995. Archaeology of the dreamtime. Angus and Robertson, Sydney, Australia.
16. Frankie, G. W., H. G. Baker, and P. A. Opler. 1974. Comparative phenological studies of trees in tropical wet and dry forests in the lowlands of Costa Rica. Journal of Ecology 62:881-919.
17. Greig-Smith, P. 1964. Quantitative plant ecology. Blackwell Scientific, Oxford, UK.
18. Gulland, J. A. 1982. Why do fish numbers vary? Journal of Theoretical Biology 97:69-75.
19. Hamill, D. N. 1986. Selected studies on population dispersion and species richness. Dissertation. University of Iowa. Iowa City. Iowa, USA.
20. Harms, K. E. 1996. Spatial patterns of distribution, growth, mortality, recruitment and seed dispersal in a neotropical forest: implications for the maintenance of diversity. Dissertation. Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA.
21. Harms, K. E., and J. W. Dalling. 1997. Damage and herbivory tolerance through resprouting as an advantage of large seed size in tropical trees and lianas. Journal of Tropical Ecology 13:617-621.
22. Harper, J. L. 1977. Population biology of plants. Academic Press, London, UK.
23. Hart, T. B. 1995. Seed, seedling and sub-canopy survival in monodominant and mixed forests of the Ituri Forest, Africa. Journal of Tropical Ecology 11:443-459.
24. Herrera, C. M. 1998. Population-level estimates of interannual variability in seed production: what do they actually tell us? Oikos 82:612-616.
25. Herrera, C. M., P. Jordano, L. López-Soria, and J. A. Amat. 1994. Recruitment of a mast-fruiting, bird-dispersed tree: bridging frugivore activity and seedling establishment. Ecological Monographs 64:315-344.
26. Hjort, J. 1914. Fluctuations in the great fisheries of northern Europe viewed in the light of biological research. Rapport Conseil Internationale Exploration de la Mer 20:1-228.
27. Hubbell, S. P. 1997. Niche assembly, dispersal limitation, and the maintenance of diversity in tropical tree communities and coral reefs. Proceedings of the 8th International Coral Reef Symposium 1:387-396.
28. Hurtt, G. C., and S. W. Pacala. 1995. The consequences of recruitment limitation: reconciling chance, history and competitive differences between plants. Journal of Theoretical Biology 176:1-12.
29. Hyland, B. P. M., and T. Whiffen. 1993. Australian tropical rain forest trees. An interactive identification system. Volumes 1, 2. C.S.I.R.O., Canberra, Australia.
30. Janzen, D. H. 1969. Seed-eaters versus seed size, number, dispersal, and toxicity. Evolution 23:1-27.
31. Janzen, D. H. 1978. Seeding patterns of tropical trees. Pages 83-128 in P. B. Tomlinson and M. H. Zimmermann, editors. Tropical trees as living systems. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
32. Kelly, D. 1994. The evolutionary ecology of mast seeding. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 9:465-470.
33. Koenig, W. D., and J. Knops. 1995. Why do oaks produce boom-and-bust seed crops? California Agriculture September-October 1995:7-12.
34. Koenig, W. D., R. L. Mumme, W. J. Carmen, and M. T. Stanback. 1994. Acorn production by oaks in central coastal California: variation within and among years. Ecology 75:99-109.
35. Levin, S. A. 1992. The problem of pattern and scale in ecology. Ecology 73:1943-1967.
36. Lewin, R. 1986. Supply-side ecology. Science 234:25-27.
37. Li, M., M. Lieberman, and D. Lieberman. 1996. Seedling demography in undisturbed tropical wet forest in Costa Rica. Pages 285-314 in M. D. Swaine, editor. Ecology of tropical forest tree seedlings. Man and the Biosphere Series Volume 17. UNESCO (Paris) and the Parthenon Publishing Group, Carnforth, UK.
38. Maguire, W. P. 1956. Are ponderosa pine cone crops predictable? Journal of Forestry 54:778-779.
39. Matthews, J. D. 1955. The influence of weather on the frequency of beech mast years in England. Forestry 28:107-117.
40. Matthews, J. D. 1963. Factors affecting the production of seed by forest trees. Forestry Abstracts 24:i-xiii.
41. National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Agency. 1997. Internet address for data on El Nino, SOI: http:// www.ogp.noaa.gov/enso/, and http://nic.fb4.noaa.gov/ data/cddb.
42. Newstrom, L. E., G. W. Frankie, H. G. Baker, and R. K. Colwell. 1994. Diversity of long-term flowering patterns. Pages 142-160 in L. A. McDade, editor. La Selva: ecology and natural history of a neotropical rainforest. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
43. Ng, F. S. P. 1978. Strategies of establishment in Malayan forest trees. Pages 129-162 in P. B. Tomlinson and H. M. Zimmermann, editors. Tropical trees as living systems. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
44. Nicholson, D. I., N. B. Rudder, and J. Rudder. 1988. Stand changes in north Queensland rainforests. Proceedings of the Ecological Society of Australia 15:61-80.
45. Nilsson, S. G., and U. Wastljung. 1987. Seed predation and cross-pollination in mast-seeding beech (Fagus sylvatica) patches. Ecology 68:260-265.
46. Norton, D. A., and D. Kelly. 1988. Mast seeding over 33 years by Dacrydium cupressinum Lamb. (rimu) (Podocarpaceae) in New Zealand: the importance of the economies of scale. Functional Ecology 2:399-408.
47. Peters, C. M. 1991. Plant demography and the management of tropical forest resources: a case study of Brosimum alicastrum in Mexico. Pages 265-272 in A. Gomez-Popma, T. C. Whitmore and M. Hadley, editors. Rain forest regeneration and management. Man and the Biosphere Series Volume 6. UNESCO (Paris) and the Parthenon Publishing Group, Carnforth, UK.
48. Philander, S. G. 1990. El Nino, La Nina and the Southern Oscillation. Academic Press, San Diego, California, USA.
49. Piñero, D., M. Martinez-Ramos, and J. Sarukhán. 1984. A population model of Astrocaryum mexicanum and a sensitivity analysis of its finite rate of increase. Journal of Ecology 72:977-991.
50. Puig, H., and A. Fahre. 1997. Survival and growth of Iryanthera hostmannii seedlings and juveniles in the tropical rain forest of French Guyana. Journal of Tropical Ecology 13:139-143.
51. Quinn, W. H., and V. T. Neal. 1983. Long-term variations in the Southern Oscillation, El Nino, and Chilean subtropical rainfall. Fishery Bulletin 81:363-374.
52. Sheil, D., and R. M. May. 1996. Mortality and recruitment rate evaluation in heterogeneous tropical forests. Journal of Ecology 84:91-100.
53. Siegel, S. 1956. Nonparametric statistics. McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, New York, USA.
54. Silvertown, J. W. 1980. The evolutionary ecology of mast seeding in trees. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 14:235-250.
55. Smith, C. C. 1970. The coevolution of pine squirrels (Tamiasciurus) and conifers. Ecological Monographs 40:349-371.
56. Smith, C. C., J. L. Hamrick, and C. L. Kramer. 1990. The advantage of mast years for wind pollination. American Naturalist 136:154-166.
57. Sork, V. L., J. Bramble, and O. Sexton. 1993. Ecology of mast-fruiting in three species of North American deciduous oaks. Ecology 74:528-541.
58. Steele, J. H. 1989. Scale and coupling in ecological systems. Pages 177-180 in J. Roughgarden, R. M. May, and S. Levin, editors. Perspectives in ecological theory. Princeton University Press, Princeton. New Jersey, USA.
59. Strusaker, T. T. 1997. Ecology of an African rain forest: logging in Kibale and the conflict between conservation and exploitation. University Press of Florida. Gainsville. Florida, USA.
60. Swaine, M. D., and D. Lieberman. 1987. Note on the calculation of mortality rates. Journal of Tropical Ecology 3: ii-iii.
61. Tapper, P-G. 1996. Long-term patterns of mast fruiting in Fraxinus excelsior. Ecology 77:2567-2572.
62. Thomas, S. C., and S. Appanah. 1995. On the statistical analysis of reproductive size thresholds in dipterocarp forests. Journal of Tropical Forest Science 7:412-418.
63. Tihnan, D. 1994. Competition and biodiversity in spatially structured habitats. Ecology 75:2-16.
64. Tracey, J. G. 1982. The vegetation of the humid tropical region of north Queensland. CSIRO Publications, Melbourne, Australia.
65. Tutin, C. E. G., and M. Fernandez 1993. Relationships between minimum temperature and fruit production in some tropical forest trees in Gabon. Journal of Tropical Ecology 9:241-248.
66. Underwood, A. J., and P. G. Fairweather. 1989. Supply-side ecology and benthic marine ecology. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 4:16-20.
67. Van Schaik, C. P., J. W. Terborgh, and S. J. Wright. 1993. The phenology of tropical forests: adaptive significance and consequences for primary consumers. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 24:353-377.
68. Volek H. E. 1968. Silvicultural research and management in north Queensland rain forests. Paper to the Ninth Commonwealth Forestry Conference.
69. Waller, D. M. 1993. How does mast-fruiting get started? Trends in Ecology and Evolution 8:122-123.
70. Warner, R. R., and P. L. Chesson. 1985. Coexistence mediated by recruitment fluctuations: a field guide to the storage effect. American Naturalist 125:769-787.
71. Warner, R. R., and T. P. Hughes. 1988. The population dynamics of reef fishes. Proc. 6th Int. Coral Reef Symposium, Townsville 1:149-155.
72. Wheelwright, N. T. 1986. A seven-year study of individual variation in fruit production in tropical bird-dispersed tree species in the family Lauraceae. Pages 19-35 in A. Estrada and T. H. Fleming, editors. Frugivores and seed dispersal. Dr. W. Junk, Dordrecht, The Netherlands.
73. Whitmore, T. C. 1975. Tropical rain forests of the Far East. Clarendon Press. Oxford. UK.
74. Whitmore, T. C. 1996. A review of some aspects of tropical rain forest seedling ecology with suggestions for further enquiry. Pages 3-39 in M. D. Swaine, editor. Ecology of tropical forest tree seedlings. Man and the Biosphere Series Volume 17. UNESCO (Paris) and the Parthenon Publishing Group, Cam forth. UK.
75. Wiens, J. A. 1989. Scale in ecology. Functional Ecology 3: 385-397.
76. Wiens, J. A., J. F. Addicott, T. J. Case, and J. Diamond. 1986. Overview: the importance of spatial and temporal scale in ecological investigations. Pages 145-153 in J. Diamond and T. J. Case, editors. Community ecology. Harper and Row, New York, New York, USA.
77. Yap, S. K., and H. T. Chan. 1990. Phenological behaviour of some Shorea species in Peninsular Malaysia. Pages 21-35 in K. S. Bawa and M. Hadley, editors. Reproductive ecology of tropical forest plants. Man and the Biosphere Series Volume 7. UNESCO (Paris) and the Parthenon Publishing Group, Carnforth, UK.