Courtship displays and coloration as indicators of safety rather than of male quality: The safety assurance hypothesis

Behavioral Ecology

Volumn 11, Issue 4, 2000, Pages 444-451

  Warner, Robert R ^a   Dill, Lawrence M ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

Author keywords

Bluehead wrasse; Coral reefs; Courtship behavior; Fish; Risk aversion; Safety

Indexed keywords

COLOR; COURTSHIP; DISPLAY BEHAVIOR; FISH;

ANTHOZOA; THALASSOMA BIFASCIATUM; THALASSOMA LUCASANUM;

EID: 0033934216     PISSN: 10452249     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/beheco/11.4.444     Document Type: Article

References (56)

1. Alcock J, 1998. Animal behavior: an evolutionary approach, 6th ed. Sunderland, Massachusetts: Sinauer Associates.
2. Andersson M, 1994. Sexual selection. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
3. Clutton-Brock T, Deutsch JC, Nefdt. RJC, 1993. The evolution of ungulate leks. Anim Behav 46:1121-1138.
4. Crews D, 1975. Psychobiology of reptilian reproduction. Science 189:1059-1065.
5. Crews D, 1992. Behavioural endocrinology and reproduction: an evolutionary perspective. Oxford Rev Reprod Biol 14:303-370.
6. Dawkins MS, Guilford T, 1994. Design of an intention signal in the bluehead wrasse (Thalassoma bifasciatum). Proc R Soc Lond B 257:123-128.
7. Deutsch JC, Weeks P, 1992. Uganda kob prefer high-visibility leks and territories. Behav Ecol 3:223-233.
8. Endler JA, 1983. Natural and sexual selection on color patterns in poeciliid fishes. Environ Biol Fish 9:173-190.
9. Endler JA, 1991. Variation in the appearance of guppy color patterns to guppies and their predators under different visual conditions Vision Res 31:587-608.
10. Godin J-GJ, Briggs SE, 1996. Female mate choice under predation risk in the guppy. Anim Behav 51:117-130.
11. Godin J-GJ, Davis SA, 1995. Who dares, benefits: predator approach behaviour in the guppy (Poecilia reticulata) deters predator pursuit. Proc R Soc Lond B 259:193-200.
12. Greig-Smith PW, 1982. Song-rates and parental care by individual male stonechats (Saxicola torquata). Anim Behav 30:245-252.
13. Gwynne DT, 1989. Does copulation increase the risk of predation? Trends Ecol Evol 4:54-56.
14. Hamilton DW, Zuk M, 1982. Heritable true fitness and bright birds: a role for parasites? Science 218:384-386.
15. Hedrick AV, Dill LM, 1993. Mate choice by female crickets is influenced by predation risk. Anim Behav 46:193-196.
16. Hensley DA, Appeldoorn RS, Shapiro DY, Ray M, Yurigan RG, 1994. Egg dispersal in a Caribbean coral reef fish, Thalassoma bifasciatum. I. Dispersal over the reef platform. Bull Mar Sci 54:256-270.
17. Hobson ES, 1975. Feeding patterns among tropical reef fishes. Am Sci 63:382-392.
18. Hoffman SG, Schildhauer MP, Warner RR, 1985. The costs of changing sex and the ontogeny of males under contest competition for mates. Evolution 39:915-927.
19. Janetos AC, 1980. Strategies of female mate choice: a theoretical analysis. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 7:107-112.
20. Knapp RA, Kovach J, 1991. Courtship as an honest indicator of male parental quality in the bicolor damselfish, Stegastes partitus. Behav Ecol 2:295-300.
21. Krause J, Godin J-GJ, 1995. Predator preferences for attacking particular prey group sizes: consequences for predator hunting success and prey predation risk. Anim Behav 50:465-473.
22. Lima SL, Dill LM, 1990. Behavioral decisions made under the risk of predation: a review and prospectus. Can J Zool 68:619-640.
23. Magnhagen C, 1991. Predation risk as a cost of reproduction. Trends Ecol Evol 6:183-186.
24. Mertz DB, 1971. The mathematical demography of the California condor population. Am Nat 105:437-453.
25. Milinski M., Bakker TCM, 1990. Female sticklebacks use male coloration in mate choice and hence avoid parasitized males. Nature 344:330-333.
26. Petersen CW, Warner RR, Cohen S, Hess HC, Sewell AT, 1992. Variation in pelagic fertilization success: implications for production estimates, mate choice, and the spatial and temporal distribution of spawning. Ecology 73:391-401.
27. Pocklington R, Dill LM, 1995. Predation on females or males: who pays for bright male traits? Anim Behav 49:1122-1124.
28. Randall JE, Randall HA, 1963. The spawning and early development of the Atlantic parrotfish, Sparisoma rubripinne, with notes on other scarid and labrid fishes. Zoologica 48:49-60.
29. Real L, 1990. Search theory and mate choice. I. Models of single-sex discrimination. Am Nat 136:376-404.
30. Real L, 1991. Search theory and mate choice. II. Mutual interaction, assortative mating, and equilibrium variation in male and female fitness. Am Nat 138:901-917.
31. Reynolds JD, 1993. Should attractive individuals court more? Theory and a test. Am Nat 141:914-927.
32. Reynolds JD, Gross MR, 1990. Costs and benefits of female mate choice: Is there a lek paradox? Am Nat 136:230-243.
33. Reynolds JD, Gross MR, 1992. Female mate preference enhances offspring growth and reproduction in a fish Poecilia reticulata. Proc R Soc Lond B 250:57-62.
34. Robertson DR, Hoffman SG, 1977. The roles of female mate choice and predation in the mating systems of some tropical labroid fishes. Z Tierpsychol 45:298-320.
35. Rowe L, Arnqvist G, Sih A, Krupa JJ, 1994. Sexual conflict and the evolutionary ecology of mating patterns: water striders as a model system. Trends Ecol Evol 9:289-293.
36. Ryan MJ, 1985. The túngara frog: a study in sexual selection and communication.. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
37. Schaffer WM, 1974. Selection for optimal life histories: the effects of age structure. Ecology 5:291-303.
38. Sih A, 1994. Predation risk and the evolutionary ecology of reproductive behavior. J Fish Biol 45(suppl A):111-130.
39. Sikkel PC, 1995. Effects of nest quality on male courtship and female spawning-site choice in an algal-nesting damselfish. Bull Mar Sci 57:682-689.
40. Stearns SC, 1976. Life history tactics: a review of the ideas. Q Rev Biol 51:3-47.
41. Stearns SC, 1992. The evolution of life histories. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
42. Thresher RE, 1984. Reproduction in reef fishes. Neptune City, New Jersey: TFH Publications.
43. Uzendoski K, Maskymovitch E, Verrell P, 1993. Do the risks of predation and intermale competition affect courtship behavior in the salamander Desmognathus ocrophaeus? Behav Ecol Sociobiol 32:421-427.
44. Warner RR, 1984. Deferred reproduction as a response to sexual selection in a coral reef fish: a test of the life historical consequences. Evolution 38:148-162.
45. Warner RR, 1986. The environmental correlates of female infidelity in a coral reef fish. In: Indo-Pacific fish biology: Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Indo-Pacific Fishes. (Uyeno T, Arai R, Taniuchi T, Matsuura K, eds). Tokyo: Ichthyology Society of Japan; 803-810.
46. Warner RR, 1987. Female choice of sites versus mates in a coral reef fish, Thalassoma bifasciatum. Anim Behav 35:1470-1478.
47. Warner RR, 1988. Traditionality of mating-site preferences in a coralreef fish. Nature 335:719-721.
48. Warner RR, 1990. Male versus female influences on mating site-determination in a coral reef fish. Anim Behav 39:540-548.
49. Warner RR, 1995. Large mating aggregations and daily long-distance spawning migrations in the bluehead wrasse, Thalassoma bifasciatum. Environ Biol Fish 44:337-345.
50. Warner RR, 1998. The role of extreme iteroparity and risk-avoidance in the evolution of mating systems. J Fish Biol 53(suppl A):82-93.
51. Warner RR, Hoffman SG, 1980a. Local population size as a determinant of mating system and sexual composition in two tropical marine fishes (Thalassoma spp.) Evolution 34:508-518.
52. Warner RR, Hoffman SG, 1980b. Population density and the economics of territorial defense in a coral reef fish. Ecology 61:772-780.
53. Warner RR, Marconato A, Shapiro DY, Petersen CW, 1995a. Sexual conflict males with highest mating success convey the lowest fertilization benefits to females. Proc R Soc Lond B 262:135-139.
54. Warner RR, Schultz ET, 1992. Sexual selection and male characteristics in the bluehead wrasse, Thalassoma bifasciatum: mating site acquisition, mating site defense, and female choice. Evolution 46:1421-1442.
55. Warner RR, Wernerus F, Lejeune P, van den Berghe EP, 1995b. Dynamics of female choice for parental care in a species where care is facultative. Behav Ecol 6:73-81.
56. Zahavi A, 1992. Sexual selection - badges and signals. Trends Ecol Evol 7:30-31.