DAP12 and KAP10 (DAP10)-novel transmembrane adapter proteins of the CD3ζ family

Immunologic Research

Volumn 22, Issue 1, 2000, Pages 21-42

  Wilson, Michael J ^a   Lindquist, Jonathan A ^a   Trowsdale, John ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE   (United Kingdom)

^b NONE

Author keywords

DAP10; DAP12; ITAM; ITIM; KAP10; Signaling; TM adapters

Indexed keywords

CD3 ANTIGEN; FC RECEPTOR; MEMBRANE PROTEIN; T LYMPHOCYTE RECEPTOR;

GENETIC LINKAGE; HUMAN; IMMUNOGENETICS; LIGAND BINDING; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RECEPTOR BINDING; REVIEW; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION;

EID: 0033930245     PISSN: 0257277X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1385/IR:22:1:21     Document Type: Review

References (137)

1. 1. Schraven B, Marie-Cardine A, Hubener C, Bruyns E, Ding I: Integration of receptor-mediated signals in T cells by transmembrane adaptor proteins. Immunol Today 1999;20:431-434.
2. 2. Jin YJ, Clayton LK, Howard FD, Koyasu S, Sieh M, Steinbrich R, et al.: Molecular cloning of the CD3 eta subunit identifies a CD3 zeta-related product in thymus-derived cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1990;87:3319-3323.
3. 3. Clayton LK, Diener AC, Lerner A, Tse AG, Koyasu S, Reinherz EL: Differential regulation of T-cell receptor processing and surface expression affected by CD3 theta, an alternatively spliced product of the CD3 zeta/eta gene locus. J Biol Chem 1992;267:26,023-26,030.
4. 4. Bolliger L, Johansson B: Identification and functional characterization of the zeta-chain dimerization motif for TCR surface expression. J Immunol 1999;163:3867-3876.
5. 5. Alarcon B, Berkhout B, Breitmeyer J, Terhorst C: Assembly of the human T cell receptor-CD3 complex takes place in the endoplasmic reticulum and involves intermediary complexes between the CD3-gamma.delta.epsilon core and single T cell receptor alpha or beta chains. J Biol Chem 1988;263:2953-2961.
6. 6. Neisig A, Vangsted A, Zeuthen J, Geisler C: Assembly of the T-cell antigen receptor. Participation of the CD3 omega chain. J Immunol 1993;151:870-879.
7. 7. David V, Hochstenbach F, Rajagopalan S, Brenner MB: Interaction with newly synthesized and retained proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum suggests a chaperone function for human integral membrane protein IP90 (calnexin). J Biol Chem 1993;268:9585-9592.
8. 8. van Leeuwen JE, Kearse KP: Calnexin associates exclusively with individual CD3 delta and T cell antigen receptor (TCR) alpha proteins containing incompletely trimmed glycans that are not assembled into multisubunit TCR complexes. J Biol Chem 1996;271:9660-9665.
9. 9. Minami Y, Weissman AM, Samelson LE, Klausner RD: Building a multichain receptor: synthesis, degradation, and assembly of the T-cell antigen receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1987;84:2688-2692.
10. 10. Bonifacino JS, Chen C, Lippincott-Schwartz J, Ashwell JD, Klausner RD: Subunit interactions within the T-cell antigen receptor: clues from the study of partial complexes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1988;85:6929-6933.
11. 11. Weissman AM, Frank SJ, Orloff DC, Mercep M, Ashwell JD, Klausner RD: Role of the zeta chain in the expression of the T cell antigen receptor: genetic reconstitution studies. Embo J 1989;8:3651-3656.
12. 12. Johansson B, Palmer E, Bolliger L: The extracellular domain of the zeta-chain is essential for TCR function. J Immunol 1999;162:878-885.
13. 13. Bolliger L, Johansson B, Palmer E: The short extracellular domain of the T cell receptor zeta chain is involved in assembly and signal transduction. Mol Immunol 1997;34:819-827.
14. 14. Cosson P, Lankford SP, Bonifacino JS, Klausner RD: Membrane protein association by potential intramembrane charge pairs. Nature 1991;351:414-416.
15. 15. Blumberg RS, Alarcon B, Sancho J, McDermott FV, Lopez P, Breitmeyer J, Terhorst C: Assemhly and function of the T cell antigen receptor. Requirement of either the lysine or arginine residues in the transmembrane region of the alpha chain. J Biol Chem 1990;265:14,036-14,043.
16. 16. Alcover A, Mariuzza RA, Ermonval M, Acuto O: Lysine 271 in the transmembrane domain of the T-cell antigen receptor beta chain is necessary for its assembly with the CD3 complex but not for alpha/beta dimerization. J Biol Chem 1990;265:4131-4135.
17. 17. Green NM: Biological membranes. The semiotics of charge. Nature 1991;351:349-350.
18. 18. Adams GA, Rose JK: Incorporation of a charged amino acid into the membrane-spanning domain blocks cell surface transport but not membrane anchoring of a viral glycoprotein. Mol Cell Biol 1985;5:1442-1448.
19. 19. Lankford SP, Cosson P, Bonifacino JS, Klausner RD: Transmembrane domain length affects charge-mediated retention and degradation of proteins within the endoplasmic reticulum. J Biol Chem 1993;268:4814-4820.
20. 20. Huppa JB, Ploegh HL: The alpha chain of the T cell antigen receptor is degraded in the cytosol. Immunity 1997;7:113-122.
21. 21. Yang M, Omura S, Bonifacino JS, Weissman AM: Novel aspects of degradation of T cell receptor subunits from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in T cells: importance of oligosaccharide processing, ubiquitination, and proteasome-dependent removal from ER membranes. J Exp Med 1998;187: 835-846.
22. 22. Bonifacino JS, McCarthy SA, Maguire JE, Nakayama T, Singer DS, Klausner RD, Singer A: Novel post-translational regulation of TCR expression in CD4+CD8+ thymocytes influenced by CD4. Nature 1990;344:247-251.
23. 23. Fernandez-Miguel G, Alarcon B, Iglesias A, Bluethmann H, Alvarez-Mon M, Sanz E, de la Hera A: Multivalent structure of an alpha beta T cell receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1999;96:1547-1552.
24. 24. Kersh EN, Shaw AS, Allen PM: Fidelity of T cell activation through multislep T cell receptor zeta phosphorylation. Science 1998;281: 572-575.
25. 25. Osman N, Lucas SC, Turner H, Cantrell D: A comparison of the interaction of She and the tyrosine kinase ZAP-70 with the T cell antigen receptor zeta chain tyrosine-based activation motif. J Biol Chem 1995;270:13981-13986.
26. 26. Osman N, Turner H, Lucas S, Reif K, Cantrell DA: The protein interactions of the immunoglobulin receptor family tyrosine-based activation motifs present in the T cell receptor zeta subunits and the CD3 gamma, delta and epsilon chains. Eur J Immunol 1996;26: 1063-1068.
27. 27. Ardouin L, Boyer C, Gillet A, Trucy J, Bernard AM, Nunes J, Delon J, Trautmann A, He HT, Malissen B, Malissen M: Crippling of CD3-zeta ITAMs does not impair T cell receptor signaling. Immunity 1999;10:409-420.
28. 28. Malissen M, Gillet A, Ardouin L, Bouvier G, Trucy J, Ferrier P, Vivier E, Malissen B: Altered T cell development in mice with a targeted mutation of the CD3-epsilon gene. Embo J 1995;14:4641-4653.
29. 29. Shores EW, Tran T, Grinberg A, Sommers CL, Shen H, Love PE: Role of the multiple T cell receptor (TCR)-zeta chain signaling motifs in selection of the T cell repertoire. J Exp Med 1997;185:893-900.
30. 30. Shores EW, Ono M, Kawabe T, Sommers CL, Tran T, Lui K, et al.: T cell development in mice lacking all T cell receptor zeta family members (Zeta, eta, and FcepsilonRIgamma). J Exp Med 1998;187:1093-1101.
31. 31. Liu CP, Lin WJ, Huang M, Kappler JW, Marrack P: Development and function of T cells in T cell antigen receptor/CD3 zeta knockout mice reconstituted with Fc epsilon RI gamma. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1997;94:616-621.
32. 32. Orloff DG, Ra CS, Frank SJ, Klausner RD, Kinet JP: Family of disulphide-linked dimers containing the zeta and eta chains of the T-cell receptor and the gamma chain of Fc receptors. Nature 1990;347:189-191.
33. 33. Klausner RD, Lippincott-Schwartz J, Bonifacino JS: The T cell antigen receptor: insights into organelle biology. Annu Rev Cell Biol 1990;6:403-431.
34. 34. Lanier LL, Yu G, Phillips JH: Co-association of CD3 zeta with a receptor (CD16) for IgG Fc on human natural killer cells. Nature 1989;342:803-805.
35. 35. Shores E, Flamand V, Tran T, Grinberg A, Kinet JP, Love PE: Fc epsilonRI gamma can support T cell development and function in mice lacking endogenous TCR zeta-chain. J Immunol 1997;159:222-230.
36. 36. van Oers NS, Love PE, Shores EW, Weiss A: Regulation of TCR signal transduction in murine thymocytes by multiple TCR zeta-chain signaling motifs. J Immunol 1998;160:163-170.
37. 37. Bosselut R, Zhang W, Ashe JM, Kopacz JL, Samelson LE, Singer A: Association of the adaptor molecule LAT with CD4 and CD8 coreceptors identifies a new coreceptor function in T cell receptor signal transduction. J Exp Med 1999;190:1517-1526.
38. 38. Northrop JP, Pustelnik MJ, Lu AT, Grove JR: Characterization of the roles of SH2 domain-containing proteins in T-lympnocyte activation by using dominant negative SH2 domains. Mol Cell Biol 1996;16:2255-2263.
39. 39. Straus DB, Chan AC, Patai B, Weiss A: SH2 domain function is essential for the role of the Lck tyrosine kinase in T cell receptor signal transduction. J Biol Chem 1996;271:9976-9981.
40. 40. Monks CR, Kupfer H, Tamir I, Barlow A, Kupfer A: Selective modulation of protein kinase C-theta during T-cell activation. Nature 1997;385:83-86.
41. 41. Monks CR, Freiberg BA, Kupfer H, Sciaky N, Kupfer A: Three-dimensional segregation of supra-molecular activation clusters in T cells. Nature 1998;395:82-86.
42. 42. Penninger JM, Crabtree GR: The actin cytoskeleton and lymphocyte activation. Cell 1999;96:9-12.
43. 43. Sperling AI, Sedy JR, Manjunath N, Kupfer A, Ardman B, Burkhardt JK: TCR signaling induces selective exclusion of CD43 from the T cell-antigen-presenting cell contact site. J Immunol 1998;161:6459-6462.
44. 44. Valitutti S, Muller S, Cella M, Radovan E, Lanzavecchia A: Serial triggering of many T-cell receptors by a few peptide-MHC complexes. Nature 1995;375:148-151.
45. 45. Wulfing C, Sjaastad MD, Davis MM: Visualizing the dynamics of T cell activation: intracellular adhesion molecule 1 migrates rapidly to the T cell/B cell interface and acts to sustain calcium levels. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1998;95: 6302-6307.
46. 46. Timmerman LA, Clipstone NA, Ho SN, Northrop JP, Crabtree GR: Rapid shuttling of NF-AT in discrimination of Ca2+ signals and immunosuppression. Nature 1996;383:837-840.
47. 47. Valitutti S, Dessing M, Aktories K, Gallati H, Lanzavecchia A: Sustained signaling leading to T cell activation results from prolonged T cell receptor occupancy. Role of T cell actin eytoskeleton. J Exp Med 1995;181:577-584.
48. 48. Lanzavecchia A: Understanding the mechanisms of sustained signaling and T cell activation. J Exp Med 1997;185:1717-1719.
49. 49. Lanzavecchia A, Lezzi G, Viola A: From TCR engagement to T cell activation: a kinetic view of T cell behavior. Cell 1999;96:1-4.
50. 50. McKeithan TW: Kinetic proofreading in T-cell receptor signal transduction. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1995;92:5042-5046.
51. 51. Ravetch JV, Kinet JP: Fc receptors. Annu Rev Immunol 1991; 9:457-492.
52. 52. Kinet JP: The high-affinity IgE receptor (Fc epsilon RI): from physiology to pathology. Annu Rev Immunol 1999;17:931-972.
53. 53. Turner H, Kinet JP: Signaling through the high-affinity IgE receptor Fc epsilonRI. Nature 1999;402:B24-B30.
54. 54. Cambier JC: Antigen and Fc receptor signaling. The awesome power of the immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM). J Immunol 1995;155: 3281-3285.
55. 55. Daeron M: Fc receptor biology. Annu Rev Immunol 1997;15:203-234.
56. 56. Colonna M, Nakajima H, Navarro F, Lopez-Botet M: A novel family of Ig-Iike receptors for HLA class I molecules that modulate function of lymphoid and myeloid cells. J Leukoc Biol 1999;66:375-381.
57. 57. Ono M, Yuasa T, Ra C, Takai T: Stimulatory function of paired immunoglobulin-like receptor-A in mast cell line by associating with subunits common to Fc receptors. J Biol Chem 1999; 274:30,288-30,296.
58. 58. Kubagawa H, Burrows PD, Cooper MD: A novel pair of immunoglobulin-like receptors expressed by B cells and myeloid cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1997;94:5261-5266.
59. 59. Watson SP, Gibbins J: Collagen receptor signaling in platelets: extending the role of the ITAM. Immunol Today 1998;19:260-264.
60. 60. Masuda M, Nakamura S, Murakami T, Komiyama Y, Takahashi H: Association of tissue factor with a gamma chain homodimer of the IgE receptor type I in cultured human monocytes. Eur J Immunol 1996; 26:2529-2532.
61. 61. Ravetch JV: Fc receptors: rubor redux. Cell 1994;78:553-560.
62. 62. Kubagawa H, Cooper MD, Chen CC, Ho LH, Alley TL, Hurez V, Tun T, Uehara T, Shimada T, Burrows PD: Paired immunoglobulin-like receptors of activating and inhibitory types. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 1999;244:137-149.
63. 63. Nakajima H. Samaridis J, Angman L, Colonna M: Human myeloid cells express an activating ILT receptor (ILT1) that associates with Fc receptor gamma-chain. J Immunol 1999;162:5-8.
64. 64. Morton HC, van den Herik-Oudijk IE, Vossebeld P, Snijders A, Verhoeven AJ, Capel PJ, van de Winkel JG: Functional association between the human myeloid immunoglobulin A Fc receptor (CD89) and FcR gamma chain. Molecular basis for CD89/FcR gamma chain association. J Biol Chem 1995;270:29,781-29,787.
65. 65. Launay P, Patry C, Lehuen A, Pasquier B, Blank U, Monteiro RC: Alternative endocytic pathway for immunoglobulin A Fc receptors (CD89) depends on the lack of FcRgamma association and protects against degradation of bound ligand. J Biol Chem 1999;274:7216-7225.
66. 66. Ezumi Y, Shindoh K, Tsuji M, Takayama H: Physical and functional association of the Src family kinases Fyn and Lyn with the collagen receptor glycoprotein VI-Fc receptor gamma chain complex on human platelets. J Exp Med 1998;188:267-276.
67. 67. Launay P, Lehuen A, Kawakami T, Blank U, Monteiro RC: IgA Fc receptor (CD89) activation enables coupling to syk and Btk tyrosine kinase pathways: differential signaling after IFN-gamma or phorbol ester stimulation. J Leukoc Biol 1998;63:636-642.
68. 68. Mandelboim 0, Malik P, Davis DM, Jo CH, Boyson JE, Strominger JL: Human CD16 as a lysis receptor mediating direct natural killer cell cytotoxicity. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1999;96:5640-5644.
69. 69. Mason LH, Willette-Brown J, Mason AT, McVicar D, Ortaldo JR: Interaction of Ly-49D+ NK cells with H-2Dd target cells leads to dap-12 phosphorylation and IFN-gamma secretion. J Immunol 2000;164: 603-611.
70. 70. Amigorena S, Salamero J, Davoust J, Fridman WH, Bonnerot C: Tyrosine-containing motif that transduces cell activation signals also determines internalization and antigen presentation via type III receptors for IgG. Nature 1992;358:337-341.
71. 71. Davis W, Harrison PT, Hutchinson MJ, Allen JM: Two distinct regions of FC gamma RI initiate separate signaling pathways involved in endocytosis and phagocytosis. Embo J 1995;14:432-441.
72. 72. Park JG, Schreiber AD: Determinants of the phagocytic signal mediated by the type IIIA Fc gamma receptor, Fc gamma RIIIA : sequence requirements and interaction with protein-tyrosine kinases. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1995;92: 7381-7385.
73. 73. Bonnerot C, Briken V, Brachet V, Lankar D, Cassard S, Jabri B, Amigorena S: syk protein tyrosine kinase regulates Fc receptor gamma-chain-mediated transport to lysosomes. Embo J 1998;17:4606-4616.
74. 74. Lang ML, Shen L, Wade WF: Gamma-chain dependent recruitment of tyrosine kinases to membrane rafts by the human IgA receptor Fc alpha R. J Immunol 1999;163:5391-5398.
75. 75. Field KA, Holowka D, Baird B: Structural aspects of the association of FcepsilonRI with detergent-resistant membranes. J Biol Chem 1999;274:1753-1758.
76. 76. Field KA, Holowka D, Baird B: Compartmentalized activation of the high affinity immunoglobulin E receptor within membrane domains. J Biol Chem 1997; 272:4276-4280.
77. 77. Miller KL, Duchemin AM, Anderson CL: A novel role for the Fc receptor gamma subunit: enhancement of Fc gamma R ligand affinity. J Exp Med 1996;183:2227-2233.
78. 78. Suzuki K, Hirose T, Matsuda H, Hasegawa S, Okumura K, Ra C: The Fc receptor (FcR) gamma subunit is essential for IgE-binding activity of cell-surface expressed chimeric receptor molecules constructed from human high-affinity IgE receptor (Fc epsilon RI) alpha and FcR gamma subunits. Mol Immunol 1998;35:259-270.
79. 79. Lanier LL, Corliss BC, Wu J, Leong C, Phillips JH: Immunoreceptor DAP12 bearing a tyrosine-based activation motif is involved in activating NK cells. Nature 1998;391: 703-707.
80. 80. Tomasello E, Olcese L, Vely F, Geourgeon C, Blery M, Moqrich A, et al.: Gene structure, expression pattern, and biological activity of mouse killer cell activating receptor-associated protein (KARAP)/ DAP-12. J Biol Chem 1998;273: 34,115-34,119.
81. 81. Olcese L, Cambiaggi A, Semenzato G, Bottino C, Moretta A, Vivier E: Human killer cell activatory receptors for MHC class I molecules are included in a multi-meric complex expressed by natural killer cells. J Immunol 1997;158: 5083-5086.
82. 82. Campbell KS, Cella M, Carretero M, Lopez-Botet M, Colonna M: Signaling through human killer cell activating receptors triggers tyrosine phosphorylation of an associated protein complex. Eur J Immunol 1998;28:599-609.
83. 83. Mason LH, Willette-Brown J, Anderson SK, Gosselin P, Shores EW, Love PE, et al.: Characterization of an associated 16-kDa tyrosine phosphoprotein required for Ly-49D signal transduction. J Immunol 1998;160:4148-4152.
84. 84. Campbell KS, Colonna M: DAP12: a key accessory protein for relaying signals by natural killer cell receptors. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 1999;31:631-636.
85. 85. Smith KM, Wu J, Bakker AB, Phillips JH, Lanier LL: Ly-49D and Ly-49H associate with mouse DAP12 and form activating receptors. J Immunol 1998;161:7-10.
86. 86. Gosselin P, Mason LH, Willette-Brown J, Ortaldo JR, McVicar DW, Anderson SK: Induction of DAP12 phosphorylation, calcium mobilization, and cytokine secretion by Ly49H. J Leukoc Biol 1999;66:165-171.
87. 87. Vitale M, Bottino C, Sivori S, Sanseverino L, Castriconi R, Marcenaro E, et al.: NKp44, a novel triggering surface molecule specifically expressed by activated natural killer cells, is involved in non-major histocompatibility complex-restricted tumor cell lysis. J Exp Med 1998;187:2065-2072.
88. 88. Bakker AB, Baker E, Sutherland GR, Phillips JH, Lanier LL: Myeloid DAP12-associating lectin (MDL)-1 is a cell surface receptor involved in the activation of myeloid cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1999;96: 9792-9796.
89. 89. Dietrich J, Cella M, Seiffert M, Buhring HJ, Colonna M: Cutting edge: signal-regulatory protein beta 1 is a DAP12-associated activating receptor expressed in myeloid cells. J Immunol 2000; 164:9-12.
90. 90. Kharitonenkov A, Chen Z, Sures I, Wang H, Schilling J, Ullrich A: A family of proteins that inhibit signaling through tyrosine kinase receptors. Nature 1997;386:181-186.
91. 91. Lanier LL, Corliss B, Wu J, Phillips JH: Association of DAP12 with activating CD94/NKG2C NK cell receptors. Immunity 1998;8:693-701.
92. 92. McVicar DW, Taylor LS, Gosselin P, Willette-Brown J, Mikhael AI, Geahlen RL, et al.: DAP12-mediated signal transduction in natural killer cells. A dominant role for the Syk protein-tyrosine kinase. J Biol Chem 1998;273:32934-32942.
93. 93. Brumbaugh KM, Binstadt BA, Billadeau DD, Schoon RA, Dick CJ, Ten RM, Leibson PJ: Functional role for Syk tyrosine kinase in natural killer cell-mediated natural cytotoxicity. J Exp Med 1997;186:1965-1974.
94. 94. Moretta A, Sivori S, Vitale M, Pende D, Morelli L, Augugliaro R, et al.: Existence of both inhibitory (p58) and activatory (p50) receptors for HLA-C molecules in human natural killer cells. J Exp Med 1995;182:875-884.
95. 95. Mandelboim O, Kent S, Davis DM, Wilson SB, Okazaki T, Jackson R, et al.: Natural killer activating receptors trigger Interferon gamma secretion from T cells and natural killer cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1998;95:3798-3803.
96. 96. Bottino C, Sivori S, Vitale M, Cantoni C, Falco M, Pende D, et al.: A novel surface molecule homologous to the p58/p50 family of receptors is selectively expressed on a subset of human natural killer cells and induces both triggering of cell functions and proliferation. Eur J Immunol 1996;26:1816-1824.
97. 97. Wu J, Song Y, Bakker AB, Bauer S, Spies T, Lanier LL, Phillips JH: An activating immunoreceptor complex formed by NKG2D and DAP10. Science 1999;285:730-732.
98. 98. Chang C, Dietrich J, Harpur AG, Lindquist JA, Haude A, Loke YW, et al.: Cutting edge: KAP10, a novel transmembrane adapter protein genetically linked to DAP12 but with unique signaling properties. J Immunol 1999;163:4651-4654.
99. 99. Vanhaesebroeck B, Leevers SJ, Panayotou G, Waterfield MD: Phosphoinositide 3-kinases: a conserved family of signal transducers. Trends Biochem Sci 1997;22: 267-272.
100. 100. Songyang Z, Shoelson SE, McGlade J, Olivier P, Pawson T, Bustelo XR, et al.: Specific motifs recognized by the SH2 domains of Csk, 3BP2, fps/fes, GRB-2, HCP, SHC, Syk, and Vav. Mol Cell Biol 1994;14:2777-2785.
101. 101. Sobanov Y, Glienke J, Brostjan C, Lehrach H, Francis F, Hofer E: Linkage of the NKG2 and CD94 receptor genes to D12S77 in the human natural killer gene complex. Immunogenetics 1999; 49:99-105.
102. 102. Brown MG, Scalzo AA, Matsumoto K, Yokoyama WM: The natural killer gene complex: a genetic basis for understanding natural killer cell function and innate immunity. Immunol Rev 1997;155:53-65.
103. 103. Bauer S, Groh V, Wu J, Steinle A, Phillips JH, Lanier LL, Spies T: Activation of NK cells and T cells by NKG2D, a receptor for stress-inducible MICA. Science 1999; 285:727-729.
104. 104. Groh V, Steinle A, Bauer S, Spies T: Recognition of stress-induced MHC molecules by intestinal epithelial gammadelta T cells. Science 1998;279:1737-1740.
105. 105. Groh V, Bahram S, Bauer S, Herman A, Beauchamp M, Spies T: Cell stress-regulated human major histocompatibility complex class I gene expressed in gastrointestinal epithelium. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1996;93:12,445-12,450.
106. 106. Marte BM, Downward J: PKB/Akt: connecting phosphoinositide 3-kinase to cell survival and beyond. Trends Biochem Sci 1997; 22:355-358.
107. 107. Indik ZK, Park JG, Hunter S, Schreiber AD: The molecular dissection of Fc gamma receptor mediated phagocytosis. Blood 1995;86:4389-4399.
108. 108. Manolios N, Kemp O, Li ZG: The T cell antigen receptor alpha and beta chains interact via distinct regions with CD3 chains. Eur J Immunol 1994;24:84-92.
109. 109. Borroto A, Mallabiabarrena A, Albar JP, Martinez AC, Alarcon B: Characterization of the region involved in CD3 pairwise interactions within the T cell receptor complex. J Biol Chem 1998;273: 12,807-12,816.
110. 110. Gobel TW, Dangy JP: Evidence for a stepwise evolution of the CD3 family. J Immunol 2000; 164:879-883.
111. 111. Daeron M, Vivier E: Biology of immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motif-bearing molecules. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 1999;244.
112. 112. Daeron M, Vivier E: Biology of immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motif-bearing molecules. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 1999; 244:1-12.
113. 113. Lanier LL: NK cell receptors. Annu Rev Immunol 1998;16: 359-393.
114. 114. Long EO: Regulation of immune responses through inhibitory receptors. Annu Rev Immunol 1999;17:875-904.
115. 115. Blery M, Delon J, Trautmann A, Cambiaggi A, Olcese L, Biassoni R, et al.: Reconstituted killer cell inhibitory receptors for major histocompatibility complex class I molecules control mast cell activation induced via immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs. J Biol Chem 1997;272:8989-8996.
116. 116. Eriksson M, Leitz G, Fallman E, Axner O, Ryan JC, Nakamura MC, Sentman CL: Inhibitory receptors alter natural killer cell interactions with target cells yet allow simultaneous killing of susceptible targets. J Exp Med 1999; 190:1005-1012.
117. 117. Binstadt BA, Brumbaugh KM, Dick CJ, Scharenberg AM, Williams BL, Colonna M, et al.: Sequential involvement of Lck and SHP-1 with MHC-recognizing receptors on NK cells inhibits FcR-initiated tyrosine kinase activation. Immunity 1996;5:629-638.
118. 118. Gambier JC, Fong D, Tamir I: The unexpected complexity of Fc gamma RIIB signal transduction. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 1999;244:43-55.
119. 119. Nakamura K, Brauweiler A, Cambier JC: Effects of srchomology domain 2 (SH2)-containing inositol phosphatase (SHIP), SH2-containing phosphotyrosine phosphatase (SHP)-1, and SHP-2 SH2 decoy proteins on FcgammaRIIB1-effector interactions and inhibitory functions. J Immunol 164:631-638.
120. 120. Ono M, Okada H, Bolland S, Yanagi S, Kurosaki T, Ravetch JV: Deletion of SHIP or SHP-1 reveals two distinct pathways for inhibitory signaling. Cell 1997;90:293-301.
121. 121. Burshtyn DN, Yang W, Yi T, Long EO: A novel phosphotyrosine motif with a critical amino acid at position -2 for the SH2 domain-mediated activation of the tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1. J Biol Chem 1997;272:13,066-13,072.
122. 122. Vely F, Olivero S, Olcese L, Moretta A, Damen JE, Liu L, et al.: Differential association of phosphatases with hematopoietic coreceptors bearing immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motifs. Eur J Immunol 1997;27:1994-2000.
123. 123. Bruhns P, Marchetti P, Fridman WH, Vivier E, Daeron M: Differential roles of N-and C-terminal immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motifs during inhibition of cell activation by killer cell inhibitory receptors. J Immunol 1999;162:3168-3175.
124. 124. Marti F, Xu CW, Selvakumar A, Brent R, Dupont B, King PD: LCK-phosphorylated human killer cell-inhibitory receptors recruit and activate phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1998;95:11,810-11,815.
125. 125. Takai T, Ono M, Hikida M, Ohmori H, Ravetch JV: Augmented humoral and anaphylactic responses in Fc gamma RII-deficient mice. Nature 1996;379:346-349.
126. 126. ClynesR.Dumitru C, Ravetch JV: Uncoupling of immune complex formation and kidney damage in autoimmune glomerulonephritis. Science 1998;279:1052-1054.
127. 127. Clynes R, Maizes JS, Guinamard R, Ono M, Takai T, Ravetch JV: Modulation of immune complex-induced inflammation in vivo by the coordinate expression of activation and inhibitory Fc receptors. J Exp Med 1999;189:179-185.
128. 128. Uhrberg M, Valiante NM, Shum BP, Shilling HG, Lienert-Weidenbach K, Corliss B, et al.: Human diversity in killer cell inhibitory receptor genes. Immunity 1997;7:753-763.
129. 129. Huard B, Karlsson L: KIR expression on self-reactive CD8+ T cells is controlled by T-cell receptor engagement. Nature 2000;403:325-328.
130. 130. Vales-Gomez M, Reyburn HT, Erskine RA, Strominger J: Differential binding to HLA-C of p50-activating and p58-inhibitory natural killer cell receptors. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1998;95:14326-14331.
131. 131. Vales-Gomez M, Reyburn HT, Erskine RA, Lopez-Botet M, Strominger JL: Kinetics and peptide dependency of the binding of the inhibitory NK receptor CD94/ NKG2-A and the activating receptor CD94/NKG2-C to HLA-E. Embo J 1999;18:4250-4260.
132. 132. Davis DM, Chiul, Fassett M, Cohen GB, Mandelboim O, Strominger JL: The human natural killer cell immune synapse. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1999;96:15,062-15,067.
133. 133. Lou Z, Jevremovic D, Billadeau DD, Leibson PJ: A balance between positive and negative signals in cytotoxic lymphocytes regulates the polarization of lipid rafts during the development of cell-mediated killing. J Exp Med 2000;191:347-354.
134. 134. Long EO, Colonna M, Lanier LL: Inhibitory MHC class I receptors on NK and T cells: a standard nomenclature. Immunol Today 1996;17:100.
135. 135. Torkar M, Norgate Z, Colonna M, Trowsdale J, Wilson MJ: Isotypic variation of novel immunoglobulin-like transcript/killer cell inhibitory receptor loci in the leukocyte receptor complex. Eur J Immunol 1998;28:3959-3967.
136. 136. Jiang P, Lagenaur CF, Narayanan V: Integrin-associated protein is a ligand for the P84 neural adhesion molecule. J Biol Chem 1999;274:559-562.
137. 137. Seiffert M, Cant C, Chen Z, Rappold I, Brugger W, Kanz L, Brown EJ, Ullrich A, Buhring HJ: Human signal-regulatory protein is expressed on normal, but not on subsets of leukemic myeloid cells and mediates cellular adhesion involving its counterreceptor CD47. Blood 1999;94:3633-3643.