More American than the United States: Housing in Urban Canada in the twentieth century

Journal of Urban History

Volumn 26, Issue 4, 2000, Pages 456-478

  Harris, Richard ^a  

^a MCMASTER UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE; HOMEOWNERSHIP; HOUSING CONDITIONS; HOUSING MARKET; HOUSING POLICY;

CANADA;

EID: 0033925177     PISSN: 00961442     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/009614420002600403     Document Type: Article

References (204)

1. Edith G. Firth, ed., The Town of York, 1815-1834: A Further Collection of Documents of Early Toronto, Publications of the Champlain Society: Ontario Series, Vol. VIII (Toronto, 1966), p. lxxxvii. See also Peter Goheen, Victorian Toronto 1850 to 1900: Pattern and Process of Growth, University of Chicago, Department of Geography, Research Paper No.127 (Chicago, 1970), 44-57.
2. Edith G. Firth, ed., The Town of York, 1815-1834: A Further Collection of Documents of Early Toronto, Publications of the Champlain Society: Ontario Series, Vol. VIII (Toronto, 1966), p. lxxxvii. See also Peter Goheen, Victorian Toronto 1850 to 1900: Pattern and Process of Growth, University of Chicago, Department of Geography, Research Paper No.127 (Chicago, 1970), 44-57.
3. Michael A. Goldberg and John Mercer, The Myth of the North American City: Continentalism Challenged (Vancouver, 1986), 124-31; Paul-Andre Linteau, "Canadian Suburbanization in a North American Context: Does the Border Make a Difference?" Journal of Urban History 13 (1987): 252-74; J. Barry Cullingworth, The Political Culture of Planning: American Land Use Planning in Comparative Perspective (New York, 1993): 177-92; J. A. Garber and D. L. Imbroscio, "The Myth of the North American City Reconsidered: Local Constitutional Regimes in Canada and the United States, "Urban Affairs Review 31, no. 5 (1996): 595-624; Richard Harris, "Canadian and US Cities Compared, "in Neil L. Shumsky, ed., Encyclopedia of Urban America: The Cities and Suburbs (New York, 1998, 118-21).
4. Michael A. Goldberg and John Mercer, The Myth of the North American City: Continentalism Challenged (Vancouver, 1986), 124-31; Paul-Andre Linteau, "Canadian Suburbanization in a North American Context: Does the Border Make a Difference?" Journal of Urban History 13 (1987): 252-74; J. Barry Cullingworth, The Political Culture of Planning: American Land Use Planning in Comparative Perspective (New York, 1993): 177-92; J. A. Garber and D. L. Imbroscio, "The Myth of the North American City Reconsidered: Local Constitutional Regimes in Canada and the United States, "Urban Affairs Review 31, no. 5 (1996): 595-624; Richard Harris, "Canadian and US Cities Compared, "in Neil L. Shumsky, ed., Encyclopedia of Urban America: The Cities and Suburbs (New York, 1998, 118-21).
5. Michael A. Goldberg and John Mercer, The Myth of the North American City: Continentalism Challenged (Vancouver, 1986), 124-31; Paul-Andre Linteau, "Canadian Suburbanization in a North American Context: Does the Border Make a Difference?" Journal of Urban History 13 (1987): 252-74; J. Barry Cullingworth, The Political Culture of Planning: American Land Use Planning in Comparative Perspective (New York, 1993): 177-92; J. A. Garber and D. L. Imbroscio, "The Myth of the North American City Reconsidered: Local Constitutional Regimes in Canada and the United States, "Urban Affairs Review 31, no. 5 (1996): 595-624; Richard Harris, "Canadian and US Cities Compared, "in Neil L. Shumsky, ed., Encyclopedia of Urban America: The Cities and Suburbs (New York, 1998, 118-21).
6. Michael A. Goldberg and John Mercer, The Myth of the North American City: Continentalism Challenged (Vancouver, 1986), 124-31; Paul-Andre Linteau, "Canadian Suburbanization in a North American Context: Does the Border Make a Difference?" Journal of Urban History 13 (1987): 252-74; J. Barry Cullingworth, The Political Culture of Planning: American Land Use Planning in Comparative Perspective (New York, 1993): 177-92; J. A. Garber and D. L. Imbroscio, "The Myth of the North American City Reconsidered: Local Constitutional Regimes in Canada and the United States, "Urban Affairs Review 31, no. 5 (1996): 595-624; Richard Harris, "Canadian and US Cities Compared, "in Neil L. Shumsky, ed., Encyclopedia of Urban America: The Cities and Suburbs (New York, 1998, 118-21).
7. Michael A. Goldberg and John Mercer, The Myth of the North American City: Continentalism Challenged (Vancouver, 1986), 124-31; Paul-Andre Linteau, "Canadian Suburbanization in a North American Context: Does the Border Make a Difference?" Journal of Urban History 13 (1987): 252-74; J. Barry Cullingworth, The Political Culture of Planning: American Land Use Planning in Comparative Perspective (New York, 1993): 177-92; J. A. Garber and D. L. Imbroscio, "The Myth of the North American City Reconsidered: Local Constitutional Regimes in Canada and the United States, "Urban Affairs Review 31, no. 5 (1996): 595-624; Richard Harris, "Canadian and US Cities Compared, "in Neil L. Shumsky, ed., Encyclopedia of Urban America: The Cities and Suburbs (New York, 1998, 118-21).
8. James Lemon, "Toronto among North American cities, "in Victor Russell, ed., Forging a Consensus: Historical Essays on Toronto (Toronto, 1984), 323-51; "Toronto, "Cities 8, no. 4 (1991): 258-66. See also Lemon's discussion in Liberal Dreams and Nature's Limits: Great Cities of North America since 1600 (Toronto 1996). For a critical, historical assessment of Toronto's self-image, see Richard Harris and Robert Lewis, "How the Past Matters: North American Cities in the Twentieth Century, "Journal of Urban Affairs 20, no. 2 (1998, 159-74).
9. James Lemon, "Toronto among North American cities, "in Victor Russell, ed., Forging a Consensus: Historical Essays on Toronto (Toronto, 1984), 323-51; "Toronto, "Cities 8, no. 4 (1991): 258-66. See also Lemon's discussion in Liberal Dreams and Nature's Limits: Great Cities of North America since 1600 (Toronto 1996). For a critical, historical assessment of Toronto's self-image, see Richard Harris and Robert Lewis, "How the Past Matters: North American Cities in the Twentieth Century, "Journal of Urban Affairs 20, no. 2 (1998, 159-74).
10. James Lemon, "Toronto among North American cities, "in Victor Russell, ed., Forging a Consensus: Historical Essays on Toronto (Toronto, 1984), 323-51; "Toronto, "Cities 8, no. 4 (1991): 258-66. See also Lemon's discussion in Liberal Dreams and Nature's Limits: Great Cities of North America since 1600 (Toronto 1996). For a critical, historical assessment of Toronto's self-image, see Richard Harris and Robert Lewis, "How the Past Matters: North American Cities in the Twentieth Century, "Journal of Urban Affairs 20, no. 2 (1998, 159-74).
11. James Lemon, "Toronto among North American cities, "in Victor Russell, ed., Forging a Consensus: Historical Essays on Toronto (Toronto, 1984), 323-51; "Toronto, "Cities 8, no. 4 (1991): 258-66. See also Lemon's discussion in Liberal Dreams and Nature's Limits: Great Cities of North America since 1600 (Toronto 1996). For a critical, historical assessment of Toronto's self-image, see Richard Harris and Robert Lewis, "How the Past Matters: North American Cities in the Twentieth Century, "Journal of Urban Affairs 20, no. 2 (1998, 159-74).
12. Gwendolyn Wright, Building the American Dream: A Social History of Housing in America (New York, 1981.)
13. John Burnett, A Social History of Housing 1815-1985, 2d ed. (London, 1986); Martin J. Daunton, A Property-owning Democracy: Housing in Britain (London: Faber and Faber, 1987); David Englander, Landlord and Tenant in Urban Britain 1838-1918 (London: Oxford University Press, 1983).
14. John Burnett, A Social History of Housing 1815-1985, 2d ed. (London, 1986); Martin J. Daunton, A Property-owning Democracy: Housing in Britain (London: Faber and Faber, 1987); David Englander, Landlord and Tenant in Urban Britain 1838-1918 (London: Oxford University Press, 1983).
15. John Burnett, A Social History of Housing 1815-1985, 2d ed. (London, 1986); Martin J. Daunton, A Property-owning Democracy: Housing in Britain (London: Faber and Faber, 1987); David Englander, Landlord and Tenant in Urban Britain 1838-1918 (London: Oxford University Press, 1983).
16. All information was obtained from interviews conducted in Hamilton on June 12 and June 15, 1996. Photographs are reproduced with permission.
17. For a now-dated overview that focuses on economic aspects of housing, but that indicates the richness of the U.S. literature, see Marc Weiss, "Real Estate History: An Overview and Research Agenda, "Business History Review 63 (1989): 241-82.
18. Peter Ennals and Deryck Holdsworth, Homeplace: The Making of the Canadian Dwelling Over Three Centuries (Toronto, 1998);
19. Marc Denhez, The Canadian Home: From Cave to Electronic Cottage (Toronto, 1994). The later is a humorous, but informative, overview.
20. John Bacher, Keeping to the Marketplace: The Evolution of Canadian Housing Policy (Montreal and Kingston, 1993). Albert Rose, Canadian Housing Policies (1935-1980) (Toronto, 1980) is also informative but neglects early federal policy and is based largely on secondary sources together with the author's personal experience.
21. John Bacher, Keeping to the Marketplace: The Evolution of Canadian Housing Policy (Montreal and Kingston, 1993). Albert Rose, Canadian Housing Policies (1935-1980) (Toronto, 1980) is also informative but neglects early federal policy and is based largely on secondary sources together with the author's personal experience.
22. John Miron, ed., House, Home and Community: Progress in Housing Canadians, 1945-1986 (Montreal and Kingston, 1993).
23. Donald G. Wetherell and Donald G. Kmet, Homes in Alberta: Building, Trends, and Design (Edmonton, 1991). On Alberta, see also E. A. Doherty, Residential Construction Practises in Alberta, 1900-1971 (Edmonton, 1984).
24. Donald G. Wetherell and Donald G. Kmet, Homes in Alberta: Building, Trends, and Design (Edmonton, 1991). On Alberta, see also E. A. Doherty, Residential Construction Practises in Alberta, 1900-1971 (Edmonton, 1984).
25. Jill Wade, Houses for All: The Struggle for Social Housing in Vancouver 1919-1950 (Vancouver, 1994).
26. For an earlier study of Montreal, see Marc Choko, Crises du logement a Montreal (1860-1939) (Montreal, 1980).
27. John Sewell, The Shape of the City: Toronto Struggles with Modern Planning (Toronto, 1993). See also James Lemon, "Plans for Early 20th-century Toronto: Lost in Management, "UHR/Rhu 18 (1989): 11-31.
28. John Sewell, The Shape of the City: Toronto Struggles with Modern Planning (Toronto, 1993). See also James Lemon, "Plans for Early 20th-century Toronto: Lost in Management, "UHR/Rhu 18 (1989): 11-31.
29. Bruce Elliott, The City Beyond: A History of Nepean, Birthplace of Canada's Capital 1792-1990 (Nepean, Ont., 1991). Nepean began as a distinct community but became a suburb of Ottawa. On a French-Canadian suburb of Montreal, see Paul-Andre Linteau, The Promoter's City: Building the Industrial Town of Maisonneuve, 1883-1918 (Toronto, 1985).
30. Bruce Elliott, The City Beyond: A History of Nepean, Birthplace of Canada's Capital 1792-1990 (Nepean, Ont., 1991). Nepean began as a distinct community but became a suburb of Ottawa. On a French-Canadian suburb of Montreal, see Paul-Andre Linteau, The Promoter's City: Building the Industrial Town of Maisonneuve, 1883-1918 (Toronto, 1985).
31. Richard Harris, Unplanned Suburbs: Toronto's American Tragedy, 1900-1950 (Baltimore, 1996).
32. Michael Doucet and John Weaver, Housing the North American City (Montreal and Kingston, 1991).
33. G. E. Mills, Buying Wood and Building Farms: Marketing Lumber and Farm Building Designs on the Canadian Prairies 1880 to 1920 (Ottawa, 1991); Ross Paterson, "Housing Finance in Early 20th Century Suburban Toronto, "UHR/Rhu 20 (1991), 63-71; Richard Harris and Doris Ragonetti, "Where Credit Is Due: Residential Mortgage Finance in Canada, 1900-1954, "Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics 16, no. 2 (1998): 223-38; Richard Harris, "The Flexible House: The Housing Backlog and the Persistence of Lodging, 1891-1951, "Social Science History 18 (1994): 31-53; John Belec, "The Dominion Housing Act, "UHR/Rhu 25, no. 2 (1997): 53-62; Leonard Evenden, "Wartime Housing as Cultural Landscape: National Creation and Personal Creativity, "UHR/Rhu 25, no. 2 (1997): 41-52; Matt Sendbuehler and Jason Gilliland, "'… to Produce the Highest Type of Manhood and Womanhood': The Ontario Housing Act, 1919, and a new Suburban Ideal, "UHR/Rhu 26, no. 2 (1998): 42-55; Lawrence N. Isaac, James M. Richtik, and H. John Selwood, "Canada's 1919 Housing Scheme in St. James and Assiniboia, "Bulletin of the Association of North Dakota Geographers 44 (1994): 60-75.
34. G. E. Mills, Buying Wood and Building Farms: Marketing Lumber and Farm Building Designs on the Canadian Prairies 1880 to 1920 (Ottawa, 1991); Ross Paterson, "Housing Finance in Early 20th Century Suburban Toronto, "UHR/Rhu 20 (1991), 63-71; Richard Harris and Doris Ragonetti, "Where Credit Is Due: Residential Mortgage Finance in Canada, 1900-1954, "Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics 16, no. 2 (1998): 223-38; Richard Harris, "The Flexible House: The Housing Backlog and the Persistence of Lodging, 1891-1951, "Social Science History 18 (1994): 31-53; John Belec, "The Dominion Housing Act, "UHR/Rhu 25, no. 2 (1997): 53-62; Leonard Evenden, "Wartime Housing as Cultural Landscape: National Creation and Personal Creativity, "UHR/Rhu 25, no. 2 (1997): 41-52; Matt Sendbuehler and Jason Gilliland, "'… to Produce the Highest Type of Manhood and Womanhood': The Ontario Housing Act, 1919, and a new Suburban Ideal, "UHR/Rhu 26, no. 2 (1998): 42-55; Lawrence N. Isaac, James M. Richtik, and H. John Selwood, "Canada's 1919 Housing Scheme in St. James and Assiniboia, "Bulletin of the Association of North Dakota Geographers 44 (1994): 60-75.
35. G. E. Mills, Buying Wood and Building Farms: Marketing Lumber and Farm Building Designs on the Canadian Prairies 1880 to 1920 (Ottawa, 1991); Ross Paterson, "Housing Finance in Early 20th Century Suburban Toronto, "UHR/Rhu 20 (1991), 63-71; Richard Harris and Doris Ragonetti, "Where Credit Is Due: Residential Mortgage Finance in Canada, 1900-1954, "Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics 16, no. 2 (1998): 223-38; Richard Harris, "The Flexible House: The Housing Backlog and the Persistence of Lodging, 1891-1951, "Social Science History 18 (1994): 31-53; John Belec, "The Dominion Housing Act, "UHR/Rhu 25, no. 2 (1997): 53-62; Leonard Evenden, "Wartime Housing as Cultural Landscape: National Creation and Personal Creativity, "UHR/Rhu 25, no. 2 (1997): 41-52; Matt Sendbuehler and Jason Gilliland, "'… to Produce the Highest Type of Manhood and Womanhood': The Ontario Housing Act, 1919, and a new Suburban Ideal, "UHR/Rhu 26, no. 2 (1998): 42-55; Lawrence N. Isaac, James M. Richtik, and H. John Selwood, "Canada's 1919 Housing Scheme in St. James and Assiniboia, "Bulletin of the Association of North Dakota Geographers 44 (1994): 60-75.
36. G. E. Mills, Buying Wood and Building Farms: Marketing Lumber and Farm Building Designs on the Canadian Prairies 1880 to 1920 (Ottawa, 1991); Ross Paterson, "Housing Finance in Early 20th Century Suburban Toronto, "UHR/Rhu 20 (1991), 63-71; Richard Harris and Doris Ragonetti, "Where Credit Is Due: Residential Mortgage Finance in Canada, 1900-1954, "Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics 16, no. 2 (1998): 223-38; Richard Harris, "The Flexible House: The Housing Backlog and the Persistence of Lodging, 1891-1951, "Social Science History 18 (1994): 31-53; John Belec, "The Dominion Housing Act, "UHR/Rhu 25, no. 2 (1997): 53-62; Leonard Evenden, "Wartime Housing as Cultural Landscape: National Creation and Personal Creativity, "UHR/Rhu 25, no. 2 (1997): 41-52; Matt Sendbuehler and Jason Gilliland, "'… to Produce the Highest Type of Manhood and Womanhood': The Ontario Housing Act, 1919, and a new Suburban Ideal, "UHR/Rhu 26, no. 2 (1998): 42-55; Lawrence N. Isaac, James M. Richtik, and H. John Selwood, "Canada's 1919 Housing Scheme in St. James and Assiniboia, "Bulletin of the Association of North Dakota Geographers 44 (1994): 60-75.
37. G. E. Mills, Buying Wood and Building Farms: Marketing Lumber and Farm Building Designs on the Canadian Prairies 1880 to 1920 (Ottawa, 1991); Ross Paterson, "Housing Finance in Early 20th Century Suburban Toronto, "UHR/Rhu 20 (1991), 63-71; Richard Harris and Doris Ragonetti, "Where Credit Is Due: Residential Mortgage Finance in Canada, 1900-1954, "Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics 16, no. 2 (1998): 223-38; Richard Harris, "The Flexible House: The Housing Backlog and the Persistence of Lodging, 1891-1951, "Social Science History 18 (1994): 31-53; John Belec, "The Dominion Housing Act, "UHR/Rhu 25, no. 2 (1997): 53-62; Leonard Evenden, "Wartime Housing as Cultural Landscape: National Creation and Personal Creativity, "UHR/Rhu 25, no. 2 (1997): 41-52; Matt Sendbuehler and Jason Gilliland, "'… to Produce the Highest Type of Manhood and Womanhood': The Ontario Housing Act, 1919, and a new Suburban Ideal, "UHR/Rhu 26, no. 2 (1998): 42-55; Lawrence N. Isaac, James M. Richtik, and H. John Selwood, "Canada's 1919 Housing Scheme in St. James and Assiniboia, "Bulletin of the Association of North Dakota Geographers 44 (1994): 60-75.
38. G. E. Mills, Buying Wood and Building Farms: Marketing Lumber and Farm Building Designs on the Canadian Prairies 1880 to 1920 (Ottawa, 1991); Ross Paterson, "Housing Finance in Early 20th Century Suburban Toronto, "UHR/Rhu 20 (1991), 63-71; Richard Harris and Doris Ragonetti, "Where Credit Is Due: Residential Mortgage Finance in Canada, 1900-1954, "Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics 16, no. 2 (1998): 223-38; Richard Harris, "The Flexible House: The Housing Backlog and the Persistence of Lodging, 1891-1951, "Social Science History 18 (1994): 31-53; John Belec, "The Dominion Housing Act, "UHR/Rhu 25, no. 2 (1997): 53-62; Leonard Evenden, "Wartime Housing as Cultural Landscape: National Creation and Personal Creativity, "UHR/Rhu 25, no. 2 (1997): 41-52; Matt Sendbuehler and Jason Gilliland, "'… to Produce the Highest Type of Manhood and Womanhood': The Ontario Housing Act, 1919, and a new Suburban Ideal, "UHR/Rhu 26, no. 2 (1998): 42-55; Lawrence N. Isaac, James M. Richtik, and H. John Selwood, "Canada's 1919 Housing Scheme in St. James and Assiniboia, "Bulletin of the Association of North Dakota Geographers 44 (1994): 60-75.
39. G. E. Mills, Buying Wood and Building Farms: Marketing Lumber and Farm Building Designs on the Canadian Prairies 1880 to 1920 (Ottawa, 1991); Ross Paterson, "Housing Finance in Early 20th Century Suburban Toronto, "UHR/Rhu 20 (1991), 63-71; Richard Harris and Doris Ragonetti, "Where Credit Is Due: Residential Mortgage Finance in Canada, 1900-1954, "Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics 16, no. 2 (1998): 223-38; Richard Harris, "The Flexible House: The Housing Backlog and the Persistence of Lodging, 1891-1951, "Social Science History 18 (1994): 31-53; John Belec, "The Dominion Housing Act, "UHR/Rhu 25, no. 2 (1997): 53-62; Leonard Evenden, "Wartime Housing as Cultural Landscape: National Creation and Personal Creativity, "UHR/Rhu 25, no. 2 (1997): 41-52; Matt Sendbuehler and Jason Gilliland, "'… to Produce the Highest Type of Manhood and Womanhood': The Ontario Housing Act, 1919, and a new Suburban Ideal, "UHR/Rhu 26, no. 2 (1998): 42-55; Lawrence N. Isaac, James M. Richtik, and H. John Selwood, "Canada's 1919 Housing Scheme in St. James and Assiniboia, "Bulletin of the Association of North Dakota Geographers 44 (1994): 60-75.
40. G. E. Mills, Buying Wood and Building Farms: Marketing Lumber and Farm Building Designs on the Canadian Prairies 1880 to 1920 (Ottawa, 1991); Ross Paterson, "Housing Finance in Early 20th Century Suburban Toronto, "UHR/Rhu 20 (1991), 63-71; Richard Harris and Doris Ragonetti, "Where Credit Is Due: Residential Mortgage Finance in Canada, 1900-1954, "Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics 16, no. 2 (1998): 223-38; Richard Harris, "The Flexible House: The Housing Backlog and the Persistence of Lodging, 1891-1951, "Social Science History 18 (1994): 31-53; John Belec, "The Dominion Housing Act, "UHR/Rhu 25, no. 2 (1997): 53-62; Leonard Evenden, "Wartime Housing as Cultural Landscape: National Creation and Personal Creativity, "UHR/Rhu 25, no. 2 (1997): 41-52; Matt Sendbuehler and Jason Gilliland, "'… to Produce the Highest Type of Manhood and Womanhood': The Ontario Housing Act, 1919, and a new Suburban Ideal, "UHR/Rhu 26, no. 2 (1998): 42-55; Lawrence N. Isaac, James M. Richtik, and H. John Selwood, "Canada's 1919 Housing Scheme in St. James and Assiniboia, "Bulletin of the Association of North Dakota Geographers 44 (1994): 60-75.
41. Marc Choko, "Ethnicity and Home Ownership in Montreal, 1921-1951, "UHR/Rhu 26, no. 2 (1998): 32-41; Patricia A. Thornton and Sherry Olson, "Family Contexts of Fertility and Infant Survival in Nineteenth Century Montreal, "Journal of Family History 16, no. 4 (1991): 7-37; Michael E. Mercier, "Infant Mortality in Ottawa, 1901: An Historical-Geographical Perspective" (Unpublished master's thesis, Carleton University, 1997).
42. Marc Choko, "Ethnicity and Home Ownership in Montreal, 1921-1951, "UHR/Rhu 26, no. 2 (1998): 32-41; Patricia A. Thornton and Sherry Olson, "Family Contexts of Fertility and Infant Survival in Nineteenth Century Montreal, "Journal of Family History 16, no. 4 (1991): 7-37; Michael E. Mercier, "Infant Mortality in Ottawa, 1901: An Historical-Geographical Perspective" (Unpublished master's thesis, Carleton University, 1997).
43. Marc Choko, "Ethnicity and Home Ownership in Montreal, 1921-1951, "UHR/Rhu 26, no. 2 (1998): 32-41; Patricia A. Thornton and Sherry Olson, "Family Contexts of Fertility and Infant Survival in Nineteenth Century Montreal, "Journal of Family History 16, no. 4 (1991): 7-37; Michael E. Mercier, "Infant Mortality in Ottawa, 1901: An Historical-Geographical Perspective" (Unpublished master's thesis, Carleton University, 1997).
44. Richard Dennis, "Interpreting the Apartment House: Modernity and Metropolitanism in Toronto, 1900-1930, "Journal of Historical Geography 20 (1994): 305-22; Richard Dennis, "Private Landlords and Redevelopment: 'The Ward' in Toronto, 1890-1920, "UHR/Rhu 24 (1994): 21-35; Marc H. Choko, "Le 'boom' des immeubles d'appartements a Montreal de 1921 a 1951, "UHR/Rhu 23 (1994): 3-18; David Burley, "The Senator, the Merchant, Two Carpenters, and a Widow: A Survey of Canadian Landlords in 1871, "UHR/Rhu 25, no. 2 (1997): 5-18; Richard Dennis, "Apartment Housing in Canadian Cities, 1900-1940, "UHR/Rhu 26, no. 2 (1998): 17-31.
45. Richard Dennis, "Interpreting the Apartment House: Modernity and Metropolitanism in Toronto, 1900-1930, "Journal of Historical Geography 20 (1994): 305-22; Richard Dennis, "Private Landlords and Redevelopment: 'The Ward' in Toronto, 1890-1920, "UHR/Rhu 24 (1994): 21-35; Marc H. Choko, "Le 'boom' des immeubles d'appartements a Montreal de 1921 a 1951, "UHR/Rhu 23 (1994): 3-18; David Burley, "The Senator, the Merchant, Two Carpenters, and a Widow: A Survey of Canadian Landlords in 1871, "UHR/Rhu 25, no. 2 (1997): 5-18; Richard Dennis, "Apartment Housing in Canadian Cities, 1900-1940, "UHR/Rhu 26, no. 2 (1998): 17-31.
46. Richard Dennis, "Interpreting the Apartment House: Modernity and Metropolitanism in Toronto, 1900-1930, "Journal of Historical Geography 20 (1994): 305-22; Richard Dennis, "Private Landlords and Redevelopment: 'The Ward' in Toronto, 1890-1920, "UHR/Rhu 24 (1994): 21-35; Marc H. Choko, "Le 'boom' des immeubles d'appartements a Montreal de 1921 a 1951, "UHR/Rhu 23 (1994): 3-18; David Burley, "The Senator, the Merchant, Two Carpenters, and a Widow: A Survey of Canadian Landlords in 1871, "UHR/Rhu 25, no. 2 (1997): 5-18; Richard Dennis, "Apartment Housing in Canadian Cities, 1900-1940, "UHR/Rhu 26, no. 2 (1998): 17-31.
47. Richard Dennis, "Interpreting the Apartment House: Modernity and Metropolitanism in Toronto, 1900-1930, "Journal of Historical Geography 20 (1994): 305-22; Richard Dennis, "Private Landlords and Redevelopment: 'The Ward' in Toronto, 1890-1920, "UHR/Rhu 24 (1994): 21-35; Marc H. Choko, "Le 'boom' des immeubles d'appartements a Montreal de 1921 a 1951, "UHR/Rhu 23 (1994): 3-18; David Burley, "The Senator, the Merchant, Two Carpenters, and a Widow: A Survey of Canadian Landlords in 1871, "UHR/Rhu 25, no. 2 (1997): 5-18; Richard Dennis, "Apartment Housing in Canadian Cities, 1900-1940, "UHR/Rhu 26, no. 2 (1998): 17-31.
48. Richard Dennis, "Interpreting the Apartment House: Modernity and Metropolitanism in Toronto, 1900-1930, "Journal of Historical Geography 20 (1994): 305-22; Richard Dennis, "Private Landlords and Redevelopment: 'The Ward' in Toronto, 1890-1920, "UHR/Rhu 24 (1994): 21-35; Marc H. Choko, "Le 'boom' des immeubles d'appartements a Montreal de 1921 a 1951, "UHR/Rhu 23 (1994): 3-18; David Burley, "The Senator, the Merchant, Two Carpenters, and a Widow: A Survey of Canadian Landlords in 1871, "UHR/Rhu 25, no. 2 (1997): 5-18; Richard Dennis, "Apartment Housing in Canadian Cities, 1900-1940, "UHR/Rhu 26, no. 2 (1998): 17-31.
49. Jason Gilliland and Sherry Olson, "Claims on Housing Space in Nineteenth Century Montreal, "UHR/Rhu 26, no. 2 (1998): 3-16;
50. Thornton and Olson, "Family Contexts of Fertility";
51. Richard Harris, "Self-Building in the Urban Housing Market, "Economic Geography 67, no. 1 (1991): 1-21;
52. A. Victoria Bloomfield and Richard Harris, "The Journey to Work: A Historical Methodology, "Historical Methods 30, no. 2 (1997): 97-109.
53. Apart from those cited in previous notes, see, for example, Sean Purdy, "'This is Not a Company; It Is a Cause': Class, Gender and the Toronto Housing Company, 1912-1920, "UHR/Rhu 21 (1993): 75-91; Annmarie Adams, "Eden Smith and the Canadian Domestic Revival, "UHR/Rhu 21 (1993): 104-15; Robert Robson, "Housing in the Northwest Territories: The Post-War Vision, "UHR/Rhu 24 (1995): 3-20; Jill Wade, "Home or Homelessness? Marginal Housing in Vancouver, 1886-1950, "UHR/Rhu 25, no. 2 (1997): 19-29; Sean Purdy, "Industrial Efficiency, Social Order and Moral Purity: Housing Reform Thought in English Canada, 1900-1950, "UHR/Rhu 25, no. 2 (1997): 30-40.
54. Apart from those cited in previous notes, see, for example, Sean Purdy, "'This is Not a Company; It Is a Cause': Class, Gender and the Toronto Housing Company, 1912-1920, "UHR/Rhu 21 (1993): 75-91; Annmarie Adams, "Eden Smith and the Canadian Domestic Revival, "UHR/Rhu 21 (1993): 104-15; Robert Robson, "Housing in the Northwest Territories: The Post-War Vision, "UHR/Rhu 24 (1995): 3-20; Jill Wade, "Home or Homelessness? Marginal Housing in Vancouver, 1886-1950, "UHR/Rhu 25, no. 2 (1997): 19-29; Sean Purdy, "Industrial Efficiency, Social Order and Moral Purity: Housing Reform Thought in English Canada, 1900-1950, "UHR/Rhu 25, no. 2 (1997): 30-40.
55. Apart from those cited in previous notes, see, for example, Sean Purdy, "'This is Not a Company; It Is a Cause': Class, Gender and the Toronto Housing Company, 1912-1920, "UHR/Rhu 21 (1993): 75-91; Annmarie Adams, "Eden Smith and the Canadian Domestic Revival, "UHR/Rhu 21 (1993): 104-15; Robert Robson, "Housing in the Northwest Territories: The Post-War Vision, "UHR/Rhu 24 (1995): 3-20; Jill Wade, "Home or Homelessness? Marginal Housing in Vancouver, 1886-1950, "UHR/Rhu 25, no. 2 (1997): 19-29; Sean Purdy, "Industrial Efficiency, Social Order and Moral Purity: Housing Reform Thought in English Canada, 1900-1950, "UHR/Rhu 25, no. 2 (1997): 30-40.
56. Apart from those cited in previous notes, see, for example, Sean Purdy, "'This is Not a Company; It Is a Cause': Class, Gender and the Toronto Housing Company, 1912-1920, "UHR/Rhu 21 (1993): 75-91; Annmarie Adams, "Eden Smith and the Canadian Domestic Revival, "UHR/Rhu 21 (1993): 104-15; Robert Robson, "Housing in the Northwest Territories: The Post-War Vision, "UHR/Rhu 24 (1995): 3-20; Jill Wade, "Home or Homelessness? Marginal Housing in Vancouver, 1886-1950, "UHR/Rhu 25, no. 2 (1997): 19-29; Sean Purdy, "Industrial Efficiency, Social Order and Moral Purity: Housing Reform Thought in English Canada, 1900-1950, "UHR/Rhu 25, no. 2 (1997): 30-40.
57. Apart from those cited in previous notes, see, for example, Sean Purdy, "'This is Not a Company; It Is a Cause': Class, Gender and the Toronto Housing Company, 1912-1920, "UHR/Rhu 21 (1993): 75-91; Annmarie Adams, "Eden Smith and the Canadian Domestic Revival, "UHR/Rhu 21 (1993): 104-15; Robert Robson, "Housing in the Northwest Territories: The Post-War Vision, "UHR/Rhu 24 (1995): 3-20; Jill Wade, "Home or Homelessness? Marginal Housing in Vancouver, 1886-1950, "UHR/Rhu 25, no. 2 (1997): 19-29; Sean Purdy, "Industrial Efficiency, Social Order and Moral Purity: Housing Reform Thought in English Canada, 1900-1950, "UHR/Rhu 25, no. 2 (1997): 30-40.
58. Richard MacKinnon, "Tompkinsville, Cape Breton Island. Co-operativism and Vernacular Architecture, "Material History Review 44 (Fall 1996): 45-63.
59. Tricia Shulist, "The Impact of the Veterans' Land Act in Hamilton-Wentworth, 1942-1976" (Master's research in progress, McMaster University); Sean Purdy, "Life in the 'Housing': A Social History of Regent Park Housing Project, 1949-1980" (Ph.D. research in progress, Queen's University). A useful early study of the latter project was Rose, Regent Park.
60. Tricia Shulist, "The Impact of the Veterans' Land Act in Hamilton-Wentworth, 1942-1976" (Master's research in progress, McMaster University); Sean Purdy, "Life in the 'Housing': A Social History of Regent Park Housing Project, 1949-1980" (Ph.D. research in progress, Queen's University). A useful early study of the latter project was Rose, Regent Park.
61. Gilliland and Olson, "Claims on Housing Space."
62. For a notable recent exception on both counts, see Gordon Darroch and Lee Soltow, Property and Inequality in Victorian Ontario: Structural Patterns and Cultural Communities in the 1871 Census (Toronto, 1994). Mills's Buying Wood and Building Farms is a partial exception since it also deals with urban housing.
63. For a notable recent exception on both counts, see Gordon Darroch and Lee Soltow, Property and Inequality in Victorian Ontario: Structural Patterns and Cultural Communities in the 1871 Census (Toronto, 1994). Mills's Buying Wood and Building Farms is a partial exception since it also deals with urban housing.
64. David F. Ley and Larry S. Bourne, "Introduction: The Social Context and Diversity of Urban Canada, "in Ley and Bourne, eds., The Changing Social Geography of Canadian Cities (Montreal and Kingston, 1993), 5. This provides a brief but authoritative overview of urban conditions in Canada.
65. Michael B. Katz, The People of Hamilton, Canada West: Family and Class in a Mid-Nineteenth Century City (Cambridge, MA, 1975); Michael B. Katz, Michael J. Doucet, and Mark J. Stern, The Social Organization of Early Industrial Capitalism (Cambridge, MA, 1982).
66. Michael B. Katz, The People of Hamilton, Canada West: Family and Class in a Mid-Nineteenth Century City (Cambridge, MA, 1975); Michael B. Katz, Michael J. Doucet, and Mark J. Stern, The Social Organization of Early Industrial Capitalism (Cambridge, MA, 1982).
67. Gilles Lauzon, "Cohabitation et demenagements en milieu ouvrier Montrealais, "Revue d'histoire de l'Amérique francaise 46, no. 1 (1992): 115-42; Gordon Darroch, "Early Industrialization and inequality in Toronto, "Labour/Le Travailleur 11 (1983): 31-61; Gordon Darroch, "Occupation Structure, Assessed Wealth and Home Owning during Toronto's Early Industrialization, 1861-1899, "Histoire sociale/Social History 32 (1983): 381-410; Richard Harris, Greg Levine, and Brian Osborne, "Housing Tenure and Social Classes in Kingston, Ontario, 1881-1901, "Journal of Historical Geography 7 (1981): 271-89; Doucet and Weaver, Housing the North American City.
68. Gilles Lauzon, "Cohabitation et demenagements en milieu ouvrier Montrealais, "Revue d'histoire de l'Amérique francaise 46, no. 1 (1992): 115-42; Gordon Darroch, "Early Industrialization and inequality in Toronto, "Labour/Le Travailleur 11 (1983): 31-61; Gordon Darroch, "Occupation Structure, Assessed Wealth and Home Owning during Toronto's Early Industrialization, 1861-1899, "Histoire sociale/Social History 32 (1983): 381-410; Richard Harris, Greg Levine, and Brian Osborne, "Housing Tenure and Social Classes in Kingston, Ontario, 1881-1901, "Journal of Historical Geography 7 (1981): 271-89; Doucet and Weaver, Housing the North American City.
69. Gilles Lauzon, "Cohabitation et demenagements en milieu ouvrier Montrealais, "Revue d'histoire de l'Amérique francaise 46, no. 1 (1992): 115-42; Gordon Darroch, "Early Industrialization and inequality in Toronto, "Labour/Le Travailleur 11 (1983): 31-61; Gordon Darroch, "Occupation Structure, Assessed Wealth and Home Owning during Toronto's Early Industrialization, 1861-1899, "Histoire sociale/Social History 32 (1983): 381-410; Richard Harris, Greg Levine, and Brian Osborne, "Housing Tenure and Social Classes in Kingston, Ontario, 1881-1901, "Journal of Historical Geography 7 (1981): 271-89; Doucet and Weaver, Housing the North American City.
70. Gilles Lauzon, "Cohabitation et demenagements en milieu ouvrier Montrealais, "Revue d'histoire de l'Amérique francaise 46, no. 1 (1992): 115-42; Gordon Darroch, "Early Industrialization and inequality in Toronto, "Labour/Le Travailleur 11 (1983): 31-61; Gordon Darroch, "Occupation Structure, Assessed Wealth and Home Owning during Toronto's Early Industrialization, 1861-1899, "Histoire sociale/Social History 32 (1983): 381-410; Richard Harris, Greg Levine, and Brian Osborne, "Housing Tenure and Social Classes in Kingston, Ontario, 1881-1901, "Journal of Historical Geography 7 (1981): 271-89; Doucet and Weaver, Housing the North American City.
71. Gilles Lauzon, "Cohabitation et demenagements en milieu ouvrier Montrealais, "Revue d'histoire de l'Amérique francaise 46, no. 1 (1992): 115-42; Gordon Darroch, "Early Industrialization and inequality in Toronto, "Labour/Le Travailleur 11 (1983): 31-61; Gordon Darroch, "Occupation Structure, Assessed Wealth and Home Owning during Toronto's Early Industrialization, 1861-1899, "Histoire sociale/Social History 32 (1983): 381-410; Richard Harris, Greg Levine, and Brian Osborne, "Housing Tenure and Social Classes in Kingston, Ontario, 1881-1901, "Journal of Historical Geography 7 (1981): 271-89; Doucet and Weaver, Housing the North American City.
72. Dennis, "Interpreting the Apartment House."
73. Harris, Unplanned Suburbs, 121-35.
74. Darroch, "Early industrialization" and "Occupation structure"; Harris, Levine, and Osborne, "Housing Tenure and Social Classes."
75. Darroch, "Early industrialization" and "Occupation structure"; Harris, Levine, and Osborne, "Housing Tenure and Social Classes."
76. Richard Harris and Chris Hamnett, "The Myth of the Promised Land: The Social Diffusion of Home Ownership in Britain and North America, "Annals, Association of American Geographers 77 (1987): 178-9.
77. Harris, Unplanned Suburbs, 138. At that time, Toronto ranked fifteenth in size.
78. Richard Harris, "Working-Class Home Ownership and Housing Affordability Across Canada in 1931, "Histoire sociale/Social History 19, no. 37 (1986): 121-38.
79. Marc Choko and Richard Harris, "The Local Culture of Property: A Comparative History of Housing Tenure in Montreal and Toronto, "Annals, Association of American Geographers 80 (1990): 73-95.
80. Paul-Andre Linteau, The Promoters' City: Building the Industrial Town of Maisonneuve, 1883-1918 (Toronto, 1985), 121-33.
81. Choko, "Ethnicity and Home Ownership in Montreal, 1921-1951"; Marc H. Choko and Richard Harris, "La propriete residentielle a Montreal et a Toronto de 1921 a 1951: Deux villes, deux mondes, "Etudes et documents 65, INRS-Urbanisation, Montreal, 1992.
82. Choko, "Ethnicity and Home Ownership in Montreal, 1921-1951"; Marc H. Choko and Richard Harris, "La propriete residentielle a Montreal et a Toronto de 1921 a 1951: Deux villes, deux mondes, "Etudes et documents 65, INRS-Urbanisation, Montreal, 1992.
83. Choko and Harris, "A Local Culture of Property, "90-1.
84. Michael Ball, "The Built Environment and the Urban Question, "Environment and Planning D. Society and Space 4 (1986): 447-64.
85. Ibid., 181-4; Richard Harris, "Home Ownership and Class in Modern Canada, "International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 10 (1986): 67-86; Harris, "Working-Class Home Ownership and Housing Affordability."
86. Ibid., 181-4; Richard Harris, "Home Ownership and Class in Modern Canada, "International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 10 (1986): 67-86; Harris, "Working-Class Home Ownership and Housing Affordability."
87. Ibid., 181-4; Richard Harris, "Home Ownership and Class in Modern Canada, "International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 10 (1986): 67-86; Harris, "Working-Class Home Ownership and Housing Affordability."
88. For overviews of the situation in Britain, see Martin J. Daunton, A Property-Owning Democracy: Housing in Britain (London, 1987): 13-39; David Englander, Landlord and Tenant in Urban Britain 1838-1918 (Oxford, 1983).
89. For overviews of the situation in Britain, see Martin J. Daunton, A Property-Owning Democracy: Housing in Britain (London, 1987): 13-39; David Englander, Landlord and Tenant in Urban Britain 1838-1918 (Oxford, 1983).
90. See especially, Doucet and Weaver, Housing the North American City, 343-87.
91. The origins of plexes are discussed by David Hanna, "The Layered City: A Revolution in Housing in Mid-Nineteenth-Century Montreal." Shared Spaces No. 6, Department of Geography, McGill University (Montreal, 1986); Rejean Legault, "Architecture et forme urbaine: L'example du triplex a Montreal de 1870 a 1914, "UHR/Rhu 18 (1989): 1-10. For a portrait of Montreal's house types and social geography, see Sherry Olson and David Hanna, "The Social Landscape of Montreal, 1901, "in Donald Kerr and Deryck Holdsworth, eds., Historical Atlas of Canada. Volume III. Addressing the Twentieth Century (Toronto, 1990), Plate 30.
92. The origins of plexes are discussed by David Hanna, "The Layered City: A Revolution in Housing in Mid-Nineteenth-Century Montreal." Shared Spaces No. 6, Department of Geography, McGill University (Montreal, 1986); Rejean Legault, "Architecture et forme urbaine: L'example du triplex a Montreal de 1870 a 1914, "UHR/Rhu 18 (1989): 1-10. For a portrait of Montreal's house types and social geography, see Sherry Olson and David Hanna, "The Social Landscape of Montreal, 1901, "in Donald Kerr and Deryck Holdsworth, eds., Historical Atlas of Canada. Volume III. Addressing the Twentieth Century (Toronto, 1990), Plate 30.
93. The origins of plexes are discussed by David Hanna, "The Layered City: A Revolution in Housing in Mid-Nineteenth-Century Montreal." Shared Spaces No. 6, Department of Geography, McGill University (Montreal, 1986); Rejean Legault, "Architecture et forme urbaine: L'example du triplex a Montreal de 1870 a 1914, "UHR/Rhu 18 (1989): 1-10. For a portrait of Montreal's house types and social geography, see Sherry Olson and David Hanna, "The Social Landscape of Montreal, 1901, "in Donald Kerr and Deryck Holdsworth, eds., Historical Atlas of Canada. Volume III. Addressing the Twentieth Century (Toronto, 1990), Plate 30.
94. Annmarie Adams, "Rooms of Their Own: The Nurse's Residence at Montreal's Royal Victoria Hospital, "Material History Review 40 (1994): 29-41.
95. Tania Martin, "Housing the Grey Nuns: Power, Religion, and Women in Fin-de-siecle Montreal, "in Annmarie Adams and Sally McMurry, eds., Exploring Everyday Landscapes: Perspectives in Vernacular Architecture VII (Knoxville, TN, 1997), 212-29.
96. Patricia McHugh, Toronto Architecture: A City Guide (Toronto, 1985).
97. Deryck Holdsworth, "Cottages and Castles for Vancouver's Home Seekers, "BC Studies 69-70 (1986): 11-32.
98. Peter Ennals and Deryck Holdsworth, "Vernacular Architecture and the Cultural Landscape of the Maritime Provinces: A Reconnaissance, "Acadiensis 10 (1981): 86-106.
99. Evenden, "Wartime Housing as Cultural Landscape."
100. Gerald Pocius, A Place to Belong: Community Order and Everyday Space in Calvert, Newfoundland (Montreal and Kingston, 1991).
101. Thornton and Olson, "Family Contexts of Fertility"; Gilliland and Olson, "Claims on Housing Space."
102. Thornton and Olson, "Family Contexts of Fertility"; Gilliland and Olson, "Claims on Housing Space."
103. Bettina Bradbury, Working Families: Age, Gender, and Daily Survival in Industrializing Montreal (Toronto, 1993).
104. Joy Parr, The Gender of Breadwinners: Women, Men, and Change in Two Industrial Towns 1880-1950 (Toronto, 1990), 45-7, 189-90.
105. Suzanne Morton, Ideal Surroundings: Domestic Life in a Working-Class Suburb in the 1920s (Toronto, 1985).
106. Margaret Marsh, Suburban Lives (New Brunswick, NJ, 1990).
107. Margaret Hobbs and Ruth Pierson, "'A Kitchen that Wastes no Steps … ' Gender, Class and the Home Improvement Plan, 1936-40, "Histoire sociale/Social History 21 (1988): 9-37; Purdy, "'This is Not a Company"; John Bacher, "Too Good to Last: The Social Service Innovations of Wartime Housing, "Women and Environments 10 (1988): 10-3.
108. Margaret Hobbs and Ruth Pierson, "'A Kitchen that Wastes no Steps … ' Gender, Class and the Home Improvement Plan, 1936-40, "Histoire sociale/Social History 21 (1988): 9-37; Purdy, "'This is Not a Company"; John Bacher, "Too Good to Last: The Social Service Innovations of Wartime Housing, "Women and Environments 10 (1988): 10-3.
109. Margaret Hobbs and Ruth Pierson, "'A Kitchen that Wastes no Steps … ' Gender, Class and the Home Improvement Plan, 1936-40, "Histoire sociale/Social History 21 (1988): 9-37; Purdy, "'This is Not a Company"; John Bacher, "Too Good to Last: The Social Service Innovations of Wartime Housing, "Women and Environments 10 (1988): 10-3.
110. Veronica Strong-Boag, "Home Dreams: Women and the Suburban Experiment in Canada, 1945-60, "Canadian Historical Review 72 (1991): 471-504.
111. Annmarie Adams, "The Eichler Home: Intention and Experience in Postwar Suburbia, "in Elizabeth C. Cromley and Carter L. Hodgins, eds., Gender, Class, and Shelter: Perspectives in Vernacular Architecture (Knoxville, TN, 1995), 164-78; Barbara M. Kelly, Expanding the American Dream: Building and Rebuilding Levittown (Albany, NY, 1993); Jason Gilliland, "Transforming the Ideal: Visions and Revisions of Housing in a French-Canadian Community of Montreal, 1942-1995" (Master's thesis, McGill University, 1996). On the original planning of the 'tricentaire' area, see Marc H. Choko, Une cite-jardin a Montreal: la cite-jardin du tricentaire, 1940-1947 (Montreal, 1989).
112. Annmarie Adams, "The Eichler Home: Intention and Experience in Postwar Suburbia, "in Elizabeth C. Cromley and Carter L. Hodgins, eds., Gender, Class, and Shelter: Perspectives in Vernacular Architecture (Knoxville, TN, 1995), 164-78; Barbara M. Kelly, Expanding the American Dream: Building and Rebuilding Levittown (Albany, NY, 1993); Jason Gilliland, "Transforming the Ideal: Visions and Revisions of Housing in a French-Canadian Community of Montreal, 1942-1995" (Master's thesis, McGill University, 1996). On the original planning of the 'tricentaire' area, see Marc H. Choko, Une cite-jardin a Montreal: la cite-jardin du tricentaire, 1940-1947 (Montreal, 1989).
113. Annmarie Adams, "The Eichler Home: Intention and Experience in Postwar Suburbia, "in Elizabeth C. Cromley and Carter L. Hodgins, eds., Gender, Class, and Shelter: Perspectives in Vernacular Architecture (Knoxville, TN, 1995), 164-78; Barbara M. Kelly, Expanding the American Dream: Building and Rebuilding Levittown (Albany, NY, 1993); Jason Gilliland, "Transforming the Ideal: Visions and Revisions of Housing in a French-Canadian Community of Montreal, 1942-1995" (Master's thesis, McGill University, 1996). On the original planning of the 'tricentaire' area, see Marc H. Choko, Une cite-jardin a Montreal: la cite-jardin du tricentaire, 1940-1947 (Montreal, 1989).
114. Annmarie Adams, "The Eichler Home: Intention and Experience in Postwar Suburbia, "in Elizabeth C. Cromley and Carter L. Hodgins, eds., Gender, Class, and Shelter: Perspectives in Vernacular Architecture (Knoxville, TN, 1995), 164-78; Barbara M. Kelly, Expanding the American Dream: Building and Rebuilding Levittown (Albany, NY, 1993); Jason Gilliland, "Transforming the Ideal: Visions and Revisions of Housing in a French-Canadian Community of Montreal, 1942-1995" (Master's thesis, McGill University, 1996). On the original planning of the 'tricentaire' area, see Marc H. Choko, Une cite-jardin a Montreal: la cite-jardin du tricentaire, 1940-1947 (Montreal, 1989).
115. Evenden, "Wartime Housing as Cultural Landscape." See also Annmarie Adams and Pieter Sijpkes, "Wartime Housing and Architectural Change, 1942-1992, "Canadian Folklore Canadien, 17, no. 2 (1995): 13-30; Jason Gilliland, "Transforming the Ideal: Visions and Revisions of Housing in a French-Canadian Community of Montreal, 1942-1995" (Unpublished master's thesis, McGill University, 1996).
116. Evenden, "Wartime Housing as Cultural Landscape." See also Annmarie Adams and Pieter Sijpkes, "Wartime Housing and Architectural Change, 1942-1992, "Canadian Folklore Canadien, 17, no. 2 (1995): 13-30; Jason Gilliland, "Transforming the Ideal: Visions and Revisions of Housing in a French-Canadian Community of Montreal, 1942-1995" (Unpublished master's thesis, McGill University, 1996).
117. Evenden, "Wartime Housing as Cultural Landscape." See also Annmarie Adams and Pieter Sijpkes, "Wartime Housing and Architectural Change, 1942-1992, "Canadian Folklore Canadien, 17, no. 2 (1995): 13-30; Jason Gilliland, "Transforming the Ideal: Visions and Revisions of Housing in a French-Canadian Community of Montreal, 1942-1995" (Unpublished master's thesis, McGill University, 1996).
118. Bradbury, Working Families, 174-9.
119. Lauzon, "Cohabitation et demenagement."
120. Richard Harris, "The End Justified the Means: Boarding and Rooming in a City of Homes, 1890-1951, "Journal of Social History 26 (1992): 331-58.
121. See, notably, John Modell and Tamara Hareven, "Urbanisation and the Malleable Household, "Journal of Marriage and the Family 35 (1973): 469.
122. Harris, "The Flexible House."
123. Ibid, 349-51.
124. Harris and Ragonetti, "Where Credit Is Due."
125. John Saywell, Housing Canadians: Essays on the History of Residential Construction in Canada (Discussion Paper No. 24, Economic Council of Canada, Ottawa, 1975). For case studies of home building in twentieth-century cities, see Ross Paterson, "The Development of an Interwar Suburb: Kingsway Park, Etobicoke, "Urban History Review 13 (1985): 225-35; John Weaver, "From Land Assembly to Social Maturity: The Suburban Life of Westdale (Hamilton), Ontario, 1911-1951, "Histoire sociale/Social History 11 (1979): 411-40. Home building is also discussed in some of the case studies cited in note 68. For a dated but useful overview of all types of construction, see Thomas Ritchie, Canada Builds, 1867-1967 (Toronto, 1967).
126. John Saywell, Housing Canadians: Essays on the History of Residential Construction in Canada (Discussion Paper No. 24, Economic Council of Canada, Ottawa, 1975). For case studies of home building in twentieth-century cities, see Ross Paterson, "The Development of an Interwar Suburb: Kingsway Park, Etobicoke, "Urban History Review 13 (1985): 225-35; John Weaver, "From Land Assembly to Social Maturity: The Suburban Life of Westdale (Hamilton), Ontario, 1911-1951, "Histoire sociale/Social History 11 (1979): 411-40. Home building is also discussed in some of the case studies cited in note 68. For a dated but useful overview of all types of construction, see Thomas Ritchie, Canada Builds, 1867-1967 (Toronto, 1967).
127. John Saywell, Housing Canadians: Essays on the History of Residential Construction in Canada (Discussion Paper No. 24, Economic Council of Canada, Ottawa, 1975). For case studies of home building in twentieth-century cities, see Ross Paterson, "The Development of an Interwar Suburb: Kingsway Park, Etobicoke, "Urban History Review 13 (1985): 225-35; John Weaver, "From Land Assembly to Social Maturity: The Suburban Life of Westdale (Hamilton), Ontario, 1911-1951, "Histoire sociale/Social History 11 (1979): 411-40. Home building is also discussed in some of the case studies cited in note 68. For a dated but useful overview of all types of construction, see Thomas Ritchie, Canada Builds, 1867-1967 (Toronto, 1967).
128. John Saywell, Housing Canadians: Essays on the History of Residential Construction in Canada (Discussion Paper No. 24, Economic Council of Canada, Ottawa, 1975). For case studies of home building in twentieth-century cities, see Ross Paterson, "The Development of an Interwar Suburb: Kingsway Park, Etobicoke, "Urban History Review 13 (1985): 225-35; John Weaver, "From Land Assembly to Social Maturity: The Suburban Life of Westdale (Hamilton), Ontario, 1911-1951, "Histoire sociale/Social History 11 (1979): 411-40. Home building is also discussed in some of the case studies cited in note 68. For a dated but useful overview of all types of construction, see Thomas Ritchie, Canada Builds, 1867-1967 (Toronto, 1967).
129. David Hanna, "Montreal: A City Built by Small Builders 1866-1880" (Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, McGill University, 1986); G. Mills and Deryck Holdsworth, "The B.C. Mills Prefabricated System: The Emergence of Ready-Made Buildings in Western Canada, "Canadian Historic Sites: Occasional Papers in Archaeology and History 14 (1975): 127-69; Michael
130. David Hanna, "Montreal: A City Built by Small Builders 1866-1880" (Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, McGill University, 1986); G. Mills and Deryck Holdsworth, "The B.C. Mills Prefabricated System: The Emergence of Ready-Made Buildings in Western Canada, "Canadian Historic Sites: Occasional Papers in Archaeology and History 14 (1975): 127-69; Michael Doucet and John Weaver, "The North American Shelter Business, 1860-1920: A Study of a Canadian Real Estate and Property Management Agency, "Business History Review 58 (1984): 234-62. See also Doherty, Residential Construction Practises in Alberta; Barbara R. Robertson, Gingerbread and House Finish of Every Description (Halifax, N.S., 1990).
131. David Hanna, "Montreal: A City Built by Small Builders 1866-1880" (Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, McGill University, 1986); G. Mills and Deryck Holdsworth, "The B.C. Mills Prefabricated System: The Emergence of Ready-Made Buildings in Western Canada, "Canadian Historic Sites: Occasional Papers in Archaeology and History 14 (1975): 127-69; Michael Doucet and John Weaver, "The North American Shelter Business, 1860-1920: A Study of a Canadian Real Estate and Property Management Agency, "Business History Review 58 (1984): 234-62. See also Doherty, Residential Construction Practises in Alberta; Barbara R. Robertson, Gingerbread and House Finish of Every Description (Halifax, N.S., 1990).
132. David Hanna, "Montreal: A City Built by Small Builders 1866-1880" (Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, McGill University, 1986); G. Mills and Deryck Holdsworth, "The B.C. Mills Prefabricated System: The Emergence of Ready-Made Buildings in Western Canada, "Canadian Historic Sites: Occasional Papers in Archaeology and History 14 (1975): 127-69; Michael Doucet and John Weaver, "The North American Shelter Business, 1860-1920: A Study of a Canadian Real Estate and Property Management Agency, "Business History Review 58 (1984): 234-62. See also Doherty, Residential Construction Practises in Alberta; Barbara R. Robertson, Gingerbread and House Finish of Every Description (Halifax, N.S., 1990).
133. David Hanna, "Montreal: A City Built by Small Builders 1866-1880" (Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, McGill University, 1986); G. Mills and Deryck Holdsworth, "The B.C. Mills Prefabricated System: The Emergence of Ready-Made Buildings in Western Canada, "Canadian Historic Sites: Occasional Papers in Archaeology and History 14 (1975): 127-69; Michael Doucet and John Weaver, "The North American Shelter Business, 1860-1920: A Study of a Canadian Real Estate and Property Management Agency, "Business History Review 58 (1984): 234-62. See also Doherty, Residential Construction Practises in Alberta; Barbara R. Robertson, Gingerbread and House Finish of Every Description (Halifax, N.S., 1990).
134. Harris, Unplanned Suburbs, esp. chap. 8; Elliott, Nepean, 125-37, 184-8, 215-20, 230-42, 297-302, 377-86.
135. Harris, Unplanned Suburbs, esp. chap. 8; Elliott, Nepean, 125-37, 184-8, 215-20, 230-42, 297-302, 377-86.
136. Marc Weiss, The Community Builders: The American Real Estate Industry and Urban Land Planning (New York, 1987). For case studies of land subdivision in Canadian cities, see Michael Doucet, "Speculation and the Physical Expansion of Mid-Nineteenth-Century Hamilton, "in Gilbert A. Stelter and Alan F. J. Artibise, eds., Shaping the Urban Landscape: Aspects of the Canadian City-Building Process (Ottawa, 1981), 173-99; Michael Foran, "Land Development Patterns in Calgary, 1884-1945, "in Alan F. J. Artibise and Gilbert A. Stelter, eds., The Usable Urban Past: Planning and Politics in the Modern Canadian City (Toronto, 1979), 293-315; Peter Moore, "Public Services and Residential Development in a Toronto Neighborhood, 1880-1915, "Journal of Urban History 9 (1983): 445-71; Isobel Ganton, "The Subdivision Process in Toronto, 1851-1883, "in Gilbert A. Stelter and Alan F. J. Artibise, eds., Shaping the Urban Landscape: Aspects of the Canadian City-Building Process (Ottawa, 1981), 200-31; L. D. McCann, "Planning and Building the Corporate Suburb of Mount Royal 1910-1925, "Planning Perspectives 11, no. 3 (1996): 259-302. For an overview, see Doucet and Weaver, Housing the North American City, 20-126. See also the references cited in note 68.
137. Marc Weiss, The Community Builders: The American Real Estate Industry and Urban Land Planning (New York, 1987). For case studies of land subdivision in Canadian cities, see Michael Doucet, "Speculation and the Physical Expansion of Mid-Nineteenth-Century Hamilton, "in Gilbert A. Stelter and Alan F. J. Artibise, eds., Shaping the Urban Landscape: Aspects of the Canadian City-Building Process (Ottawa, 1981), 173-99; Michael Foran, "Land Development Patterns in Calgary, 1884-1945, "in Alan F. J. Artibise and Gilbert A. Stelter, eds., The Usable Urban Past: Planning and Politics in the Modern Canadian City (Toronto, 1979), 293-315; Peter Moore, "Public Services and Residential Development in a Toronto Neighborhood, 1880-1915, "Journal of Urban History 9 (1983): 445-71; Isobel Ganton, "The Subdivision Process in Toronto, 1851-1883, "in Gilbert A. Stelter and Alan F. J. Artibise, eds., Shaping the Urban Landscape: Aspects of the Canadian City-Building Process (Ottawa, 1981), 200-31; L. D. McCann, "Planning and Building the Corporate Suburb of Mount Royal 1910-1925, "Planning Perspectives 11, no. 3 (1996): 259-302. For an overview, see Doucet and Weaver, Housing the North American City, 20-126. See also the references cited in note 68.
138. Marc Weiss, The Community Builders: The American Real Estate Industry and Urban Land Planning (New York, 1987). For case studies of land subdivision in Canadian cities, see Michael Doucet, "Speculation and the Physical Expansion of Mid-Nineteenth-Century Hamilton, "in Gilbert A. Stelter and Alan F. J. Artibise, eds., Shaping the Urban Landscape: Aspects of the Canadian City-Building Process (Ottawa, 1981), 173-99; Michael Foran, "Land Development Patterns in Calgary, 1884-1945, "in Alan F. J. Artibise and Gilbert A. Stelter, eds., The Usable Urban Past: Planning and Politics in the Modern Canadian City (Toronto, 1979), 293-315; Peter Moore, "Public Services and Residential Development in a Toronto Neighborhood, 1880-1915, "Journal of Urban History 9 (1983): 445-71; Isobel Ganton, "The Subdivision Process in Toronto, 1851-1883, "in Gilbert A. Stelter and Alan F. J. Artibise, eds., Shaping the Urban Landscape: Aspects of the Canadian City-Building Process (Ottawa, 1981), 200-31; L. D. McCann, "Planning and Building the Corporate Suburb of Mount Royal 1910-1925, "Planning Perspectives 11, no. 3 (1996): 259-302. For an overview, see Doucet and Weaver, Housing the North American City, 20-126. See also the references cited in note 68.
139. Marc Weiss, The Community Builders: The American Real Estate Industry and Urban Land Planning (New York, 1987). For case studies of land subdivision in Canadian cities, see Michael Doucet, "Speculation and the Physical Expansion of Mid-Nineteenth-Century Hamilton, "in Gilbert A. Stelter and Alan F. J. Artibise, eds., Shaping the Urban Landscape: Aspects of the Canadian City-Building Process (Ottawa, 1981), 173-99; Michael Foran, "Land Development Patterns in Calgary, 1884-1945, "in Alan F. J. Artibise and Gilbert A. Stelter, eds., The Usable Urban Past: Planning and Politics in the Modern Canadian City (Toronto, 1979), 293-315; Peter Moore, "Public Services and Residential Development in a Toronto Neighborhood, 1880-1915, "Journal of Urban History 9 (1983): 445-71; Isobel Ganton, "The Subdivision Process in Toronto, 1851-1883, "in Gilbert A. Stelter and Alan F. J. Artibise, eds., Shaping the Urban Landscape: Aspects of the Canadian City-Building Process (Ottawa, 1981), 200-31; L. D. McCann, "Planning and Building the Corporate Suburb of Mount Royal 1910-1925, "Planning Perspectives 11, no. 3 (1996): 259-302. For an overview, see Doucet and Weaver, Housing the North American City, 20-126. See also the references cited in note 68.
140. Marc Weiss, The Community Builders: The American Real Estate Industry and Urban Land Planning (New York, 1987). For case studies of land subdivision in Canadian cities, see Michael Doucet, "Speculation and the Physical Expansion of Mid-Nineteenth-Century Hamilton, "in Gilbert A. Stelter and Alan F. J. Artibise, eds., Shaping the Urban Landscape: Aspects of the Canadian City-Building Process (Ottawa, 1981), 173-99; Michael Foran, "Land Development Patterns in Calgary, 1884-1945, "in Alan F. J. Artibise and Gilbert A. Stelter, eds., The Usable Urban Past: Planning and Politics in the Modern Canadian City (Toronto, 1979), 293-315; Peter Moore, "Public Services and Residential Development in a Toronto Neighborhood, 1880-1915, "Journal of Urban History 9 (1983): 445-71; Isobel Ganton, "The Subdivision Process in Toronto, 1851-1883, "in Gilbert A. Stelter and Alan F. J. Artibise, eds., Shaping the Urban Landscape: Aspects of the Canadian City-Building Process (Ottawa, 1981), 200-31; L. D. McCann, "Planning and Building the Corporate Suburb of Mount Royal 1910-1925, "Planning Perspectives 11, no. 3 (1996): 259-302. For an overview, see Doucet and Weaver, Housing the North American City, 20-126. See also the references cited in note 68.
141. Marc Weiss, The Community Builders: The American Real Estate Industry and Urban Land Planning (New York, 1987). For case studies of land subdivision in Canadian cities, see Michael Doucet, "Speculation and the Physical Expansion of Mid-Nineteenth-Century Hamilton, "in Gilbert A. Stelter and Alan F. J. Artibise, eds., Shaping the Urban Landscape: Aspects of the Canadian City-Building Process (Ottawa, 1981), 173-99; Michael Foran, "Land Development Patterns in Calgary, 1884-1945, "in Alan F. J. Artibise and Gilbert A. Stelter, eds., The Usable Urban Past: Planning and Politics in the Modern Canadian City (Toronto, 1979), 293-315; Peter Moore, "Public Services and Residential Development in a Toronto Neighborhood, 1880-1915, "Journal of Urban History 9 (1983): 445-71; Isobel Ganton, "The Subdivision Process in Toronto, 1851-1883, "in Gilbert A. Stelter and Alan F. J. Artibise, eds., Shaping the Urban Landscape: Aspects of the Canadian City-Building Process (Ottawa, 1981), 200-31; L. D. McCann, "Planning and Building the Corporate Suburb of Mount Royal 1910-1925, "Planning Perspectives 11, no. 3 (1996): 259-302. For an overview, see Doucet and Weaver, Housing the North American City, 20-126. See also the references cited in note 68.
142. Marc Weiss, The Community Builders: The American Real Estate Industry and Urban Land Planning (New York, 1987). For case studies of land subdivision in Canadian cities, see Michael Doucet, "Speculation and the Physical Expansion of Mid-Nineteenth-Century Hamilton, "in Gilbert A. Stelter and Alan F. J. Artibise, eds., Shaping the Urban Landscape: Aspects of the Canadian City-Building Process (Ottawa, 1981), 173-99; Michael Foran, "Land Development Patterns in Calgary, 1884-1945, "in Alan F. J. Artibise and Gilbert A. Stelter, eds., The Usable Urban Past: Planning and Politics in the Modern Canadian City (Toronto, 1979), 293-315; Peter Moore, "Public Services and Residential Development in a Toronto Neighborhood, 1880-1915, "Journal of Urban History 9 (1983): 445-71; Isobel Ganton, "The Subdivision Process in Toronto, 1851-1883, "in Gilbert A. Stelter and Alan F. J. Artibise, eds., Shaping the Urban Landscape: Aspects of the Canadian City-Building Process (Ottawa, 1981), 200-31; L. D. McCann, "Planning and Building the Corporate Suburb of Mount Royal 1910-1925, "Planning Perspectives 11, no. 3 (1996): 259-302. For an overview, see Doucet and Weaver, Housing the North American City, 20-126. See also the references cited in note 68.
143. James Lorimer, The Developers (Toronto, 1978).
144. Sendbuehler and Gilliland, to Produce the Highest Type of Manhood and Womanhood, ' "; Jill Delaney, "The Garden Suburb of Lindenlea, Ottawa: A Model Project for the First Federal Housing Policy, 1918-1924, "UHR/Rhu 19 (1991): 151-65.
145. Sendbuehler and Gilliland, "' … to Produce the Highest Type of Manhood and Womanhood, ' "; Jill Delaney, "The Garden Suburb of Lindenlea, Ottawa: A Model Project for the First Federal Housing Policy, 1918-1924, "UHR/Rhu 19 (1991): 151-65.
146. See, for example, Paterson, "The Development of an Interwar Suburb"; Weaver, "From Land Assembly to Social Maturity."
147. See, for example, Paterson, "The Development of an Interwar Suburb"; Weaver, "From Land Assembly to Social Maturity."
148. Harris, "Self-Building in the Urban Housing Market";
149. Harris, Unplanned Suburbs, chap. 8.
150. Richard Harris, "The Impact of Building Controls on Residential Development in Toronto, 1900-1940, "Planning Perspectives 6 (1991): 269-96.
151. Michel Pratt, Jacques-Cartier: Une ville de pionniers 1947-1969 (Longeuil, 1994).
152. Christopher Armstrong and H. V. Nelles, "Suburban Street Railway Strategies in Montreal, Toronto, and Vancouver, 1896-1930, "in Gilbert A. Stelter and Alan F. J. Artibise, Power and Place (Vancouver, 1986), 187-218; for other references, see Harris, Unplanned Suburbs, 304, note 35.
153. Christopher Armstrong and H. V. Nelles, "Suburban Street Railway Strategies in Montreal, Toronto, and Vancouver, 1896-1930, "in Gilbert A. Stelter and Alan F. J. Artibise, Power and Place (Vancouver, 1986), 187-218; for other references, see Harris, Unplanned Suburbs, 304, note 35.
154. Christopher Armstrong and H. V. Nelles, "Suburban Street Railway Strategies in Montreal, Toronto, and Vancouver, 1896-1930, "in Gilbert A. Stelter and Alan F. J. Artibise, Power and Place (Vancouver, 1986), 187-218; for other references, see Harris, Unplanned Suburbs, 304, note 35.
155. Wetherell and Kmet, Homes in Alberta, 47, 54, 57, 116, 122; Elliott, Nepean, 195-6, 208-9, 232-3; Wade, Houses for All, esp. 18-9; Richard Harris and Matt Sendbuehler, "The Making of a Working-Class Suburb in Hamilton's East End, 1900-1945, "Journal of Urban History 20 (1994): 486-511. See also Doucet and Weaver, Housing the North American City, 103-4, 112.
156. Wetherell and Kmet, Homes in Alberta, 47, 54, 57, 116, 122; Elliott, Nepean, 195-6, 208-9, 232-3; Wade, Houses for All, esp. 18-9; Richard Harris and Matt Sendbuehler, "The Making of a Working-Class Suburb in Hamilton's East End, 1900-1945, "Journal of Urban History 20 (1994): 486-511. See also Doucet and Weaver, Housing the North American City, 103-4, 112.
157. Wetherell and Kmet, Homes in Alberta, 47, 54, 57, 116, 122; Elliott, Nepean, 195-6, 208-9, 232-3; Wade, Houses for All, esp. 18-9; Richard Harris and Matt Sendbuehler, "The Making of a Working-Class Suburb in Hamilton's East End, 1900-1945, "Journal of Urban History 20 (1994): 486-511. See also Doucet and Weaver, Housing the North American City, 103-4, 112.
158. Wetherell and Kmet, Homes in Alberta, 47, 54, 57, 116, 122; Elliott, Nepean, 195-6, 208-9, 232-3; Wade, Houses for All, esp. 18-9; Richard Harris and Matt Sendbuehler, "The Making of a Working-Class Suburb in Hamilton's East End, 1900-1945, "Journal of Urban History 20 (1994): 486-511. See also Doucet and Weaver, Housing the North American City, 103-4, 112.
159. Wetherell and Kmet, Homes in Alberta, 47, 54, 57, 116, 122; Elliott, Nepean, 195-6, 208-9, 232-3; Wade, Houses for All, esp. 18-9; Richard Harris and Matt Sendbuehler, "The Making of a Working-Class Suburb in Hamilton's East End, 1900-1945, "Journal of Urban History 20 (1994): 486-511. See also Doucet and Weaver, Housing the North American City, 103-4, 112.
160. For a recent case study, see Susan Chase, "The Process of Suburbanization and the Use of Restrictive Deed Covenants as Private Zoning, Wilmington, Delaware, 1900-1941" (Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, University of Delaware).
161. Ross Paterson, "Creating the Packaged Suburb: The Evolution of Planning and Business Practices in the Early Canadian Land Development Industry, 1900-1914, "in Barbara Kelly, ed., Suburbia Reexamined (Westport, CT, 1989), 119-32.
162. Ross Paterson, "Creating the Packaged Suburb: The Evolution of Planning and Business Practices in the Early Canadian Land Development Industry, 1900-1914, "in Barbara Kelly, ed., Suburbia Reexamined (Westport, CT, 1989), 119-32.
163. Weaver, "From Land Assembly to Social Maturity"; Paterson, "Creating the Packaged Suburb, "130.
164. Weaver, "From Land Assembly to Social Maturity"; Paterson, "Creating the Packaged Suburb, "130.
165. James W. St. G. Walker, 'Race, ' Rights, and the Law in the Supreme Court of Canada. Historical Case Studies (Toronto, 1997), 182-245.
166. Ibid., 190.
167. Mercer and Goldberg, The Myth of the North American City (Vancouver, 1986), 91. See also Paul-Andre Linteau, "Canadian Suburbanization in a North American Context, "Journal of Urban History 13, no. 3 (May 1987): 267; Cullingworth, The Political Culture of Planning, 177-92.
168. Mercer and Goldberg, The Myth of the North American City (Vancouver, 1986), 91. See also Paul-Andre Linteau, "Canadian Suburbanization in a North American Context, "Journal of Urban History 13, no. 3 (May 1987): 267; Cullingworth, The Political Culture of Planning, 177-92.
169. Mercer and Goldberg, The Myth of the North American City (Vancouver, 1986), 91. See also Paul-Andre Linteau, "Canadian Suburbanization in a North American Context, "Journal of Urban History 13, no. 3 (May 1987): 267; Cullingworth, The Political Culture of Planning, 177-92.
170. James Lemon, Liberal Dreams and Nature's Limits: Great North American Cities since 1600 (New York, 1996).
171. Paterson, "Housing Finance."
172. Doris Ragonetti, "Mortgage Financing and Default: A Case Study of Hamilton, Ontario, 1901-1951" (Unpublished master's thesis, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, 1994); Harris and Ragonetti, "Where Credit Is Due"; Doucet and Weaver, Housing the North American City, 276, 279.
173. Doris Ragonetti, "Mortgage Financing and Default: A Case Study of Hamilton, Ontario, 1901-1951" (Unpublished master's thesis, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, 1994); Harris and Ragonetti, "Where Credit Is Due"; Doucet and Weaver, Housing the North American City, 276, 279.
174. Doris Ragonetti, "Mortgage Financing and Default: A Case Study of Hamilton, Ontario, 1901-1951" (Unpublished master's thesis, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, 1994); Harris and Ragonetti, "Where Credit Is Due"; Doucet and Weaver, Housing the North American City, 276, 279.
175. Interviews with the Ambridges.
176. See, for example, Robert A. Murdie, "Local Strategies in Resale Home Financing in Toronto, "Urban Studies 28, no. 3 (1986): 465-83.
177. Wright, Building the American Dream, 220-32.
178. Rose, Regent Park.
179. Jeffrey Patterson, "Housing and Community Development Policies, "in Miron, ed., House, Home, and Community, 320-38.
180. Jeffrey Patterson, "Housing and Community Development Policies, "in Miron, ed., House, Home, and Community, 320-38.
181. Gertrude S. Fish, "Housing Policy during the Depression, "in Fish, ed., The Story of Housing (New York, 1979), 188-94.
182. Wright, Building the American Dream, 222-3; Alison K. Hoagland and Margaret M. Mulrooney, Norvelt and Penn-Craft, Pennsylvania: Subsistence-Homestead Communities of the 1930s. Historic American Buildings Survey (Washington, 1991), 3-13.
183. Wright, Building the American Dream, 222-3; Alison K. Hoagland and Margaret M. Mulrooney, Norvelt and Penn-Craft, Pennsylvania: Subsistence-Homestead Communities of the 1930s. Historic American Buildings Survey (Washington, 1991), 3-13.
184. Mary E. Arnold, The Story of Tompkinsville (New York, 1948); Richard Harris, "Slipping through the Cracks: The Origins of Aided Self-Help Housing, 1918-1953, "Housing Studies 14, 3 (1999): 281-309.
185. Mary E. Arnold, The Story of Tompkinsville (New York, 1948); Richard Harris, "Slipping through the Cracks: The Origins of Aided Self-Help Housing, 1918-1953, "Housing Studies 14, 3 (1999): 281-309.
186. Bacher, Keeping to the Marketplace, 66-93; J. David Hulchanski, "The 1935 Dominion Housing Act: Setting the Stage for a Permanent Federal Presence in Canada's Housing Sector, "UHR/Rhu 15 (1986): 19-40.
187. Bacher, Keeping to the Marketplace, 66-93; J. David Hulchanski, "The 1935 Dominion Housing Act: Setting the Stage for a Permanent Federal Presence in Canada's Housing Sector, "UHR/Rhu 15 (1986): 19-40.
188. Under the Dominion Housing Act of 1935, insurance was provided on long-term amortizing mortgages, a fundamentally similar approach to that pioneered in the United States by the Federal Housing Administration. The chief difference was that, while the FHA did not actually lend money, the DHA contained provision for "joint" loans, with the Canadian government lending up to 20 percent of appraised value.
189. Belec, "The Dominion Housing Act."
190. Bacher, Keeping to the Marketplace. In the British and Canadian Parliamentary tradition, the deputy minister is the senior civil servant within each ministry.
191. Ibid., 94-119.
192. Until World War I, the Building and Loans had been a major player, but they declined rapidly during the interwar period.
193. Alan F. J. Artibise and Gilbert A. Stelter, "Conservation Planning and Urban Planning: The Canadian Commission of Conservation in Historical Perspective, "in Chad Gaffield, ed., Consuming Canada: Readings in Environmental History (Mississauga, Ontario, 1995), 164.
194. Wright, Building the American Dream; Clifford Clark, The American Family Home 1800-1960 (Chapel Hill, NC, 1986).
195. Wright, Building the American Dream; Clifford Clark, The American Family Home 1800-1960 (Chapel Hill, NC, 1986).
196. Sam Bass Warner, Streetcar Suburbs: The Process of Growth in Boston, 1870-1900 (Cambridge, MA, 1962).
197. Tamara K. Hareven, "The Home and Family in Historical Perspective, "in Arien Mack, ed., Home: A Place in the World (New York, 1993), 248.
198. This is apparent from a survey such as Burnett's, A Social History of Housing.
199. The only national exception was a "build-your-own programme" promoted in Canada from 1949 under the Veterans Land Act (1942). See Joseph Schull, Veneration for Valour: An Assessment of the Veterans Charter (Ottawa, 1973), 68-83; Walter Woods, Rehabilitation: A Combined Operation (Ottawa, 1953), 155-8. For a case study, see Shulist, "The Impact of the Veterans' Land Act." In the province of Nova Scotia, there is strong a tradition of self-help and cooperation, and many projects have involved government assistance. See MacKinnon, "Tompkinsville, Cape Breton Island"; Elizabeth Beaton, "Slag Houses in a Steel City, "Material History Review 44 (Fall 1996): 64-78. On the international history of state-assisted self-help, see Richard Harris, "Slipping through the Cracks."
200. The only national exception was a "build-your-own programme" promoted in Canada from 1949 under the Veterans Land Act (1942). See Joseph Schull, Veneration for Valour: An Assessment of the Veterans Charter (Ottawa, 1973), 68-83; Walter Woods, Rehabilitation: A Combined Operation (Ottawa, 1953), 155-8. For a case study, see Shulist, "The Impact of the Veterans' Land Act." In the province of Nova Scotia, there is strong a tradition of self-help and cooperation, and many projects have involved government assistance. See MacKinnon, "Tompkinsville, Cape Breton Island"; Elizabeth Beaton, "Slag Houses in a Steel City, "Material History Review 44 (Fall 1996): 64-78. On the international history of state-assisted self-help, see Richard Harris, "Slipping through the Cracks."
201. The only national exception was a "build-your-own programme" promoted in Canada from 1949 under the Veterans Land Act (1942). See Joseph Schull, Veneration for Valour: An Assessment of the Veterans Charter (Ottawa, 1973), 68-83; Walter Woods, Rehabilitation: A Combined Operation (Ottawa, 1953), 155-8. For a case study, see Shulist, "The Impact of the Veterans' Land Act." In the province of Nova Scotia, there is strong a tradition of self-help and cooperation, and many projects have involved government assistance. See MacKinnon, "Tompkinsville, Cape Breton Island"; Elizabeth Beaton, "Slag Houses in a Steel City, "Material History Review 44 (Fall 1996): 64-78. On the international history of state-assisted self-help, see Richard Harris, "Slipping through the Cracks."
202. The only national exception was a "build-your-own programme" promoted in Canada from 1949 under the Veterans Land Act (1942). See Joseph Schull, Veneration for Valour: An Assessment of the Veterans Charter (Ottawa, 1973), 68-83; Walter Woods, Rehabilitation: A Combined Operation (Ottawa, 1953), 155-8. For a case study, see Shulist, "The Impact of the Veterans' Land Act." In the province of Nova Scotia, there is strong a tradition of self-help and cooperation, and many projects have involved government assistance. See MacKinnon, "Tompkinsville, Cape Breton Island"; Elizabeth Beaton, "Slag Houses in a Steel City, "Material History Review 44 (Fall 1996): 64-78. On the international history of state-assisted self-help, see Richard Harris, "Slipping through the Cracks."
203. The only national exception was a "build-your-own programme" promoted in Canada from 1949 under the Veterans Land Act (1942). See Joseph Schull, Veneration for Valour: An Assessment of the Veterans Charter (Ottawa, 1973), 68-83; Walter Woods, Rehabilitation: A Combined Operation (Ottawa, 1953), 155-8. For a case study, see Shulist, "The Impact of the Veterans' Land Act." In the province of Nova Scotia, there is strong a tradition of self-help and cooperation, and many projects have involved government assistance. See MacKinnon, "Tompkinsville, Cape Breton Island"; Elizabeth Beaton, "Slag Houses in a Steel City, "Material History Review 44 (Fall 1996): 64-78. On the international history of state-assisted self-help, see Richard Harris, "Slipping through the Cracks."
204. The only national exception was a "build-your-own programme" promoted in Canada from 1949 under the Veterans Land Act (1942). See Joseph Schull, Veneration for Valour: An Assessment of the Veterans Charter (Ottawa, 1973), 68-83; Walter Woods, Rehabilitation: A Combined Operation (Ottawa, 1953), 155-8. For a case study, see Shulist, "The Impact of the Veterans' Land Act." In the province of Nova Scotia, there is strong a tradition of self-help and cooperation, and many projects have involved government assistance. See MacKinnon, "Tompkinsville, Cape Breton Island"; Elizabeth Beaton, "Slag Houses in a Steel City, "Material History Review 44 (Fall 1996): 64-78. On the international history of state-assisted self-help, see Richard Harris, "Slipping through the Cracks."