Inferring marine atmospheric boundary layer properties from spectral characteristics of satellite-borne SAR imagery

Monthly Weather Review

Volumn 128, Issue 5, 2000, Pages 1506-1520

  Young, George S ^a   Sikora, Todd D ^b   Winstead, Nathaniel S ^c  

^a PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UNITED STATES NAVAL ACADEMY   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BOUNDARY LAYER; MARINE ATMOSPHERE; SATELLITE IMAGERY; SPECTRAL ANALYSIS; SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR;

EID: 0033925147     PISSN: 00270644     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/1520-0493(2000)128<1506:IMABLP>2.0.CO;2     Document Type: Article

References (63)

1. Atlas, D., 1994: Footprints of storms on the sea: A view from spaceborne synthetic aperture radar. J. Geophys. Res., 99 (C4), 7961-7969.
2. _, T. Iguchi, and H. F. Pierce, 1995: Storm-induced wind patterns on the sea from spaceborne synthetic aperture radar. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 76, 1585-1592.
3. Babin, S. M., G. S. Young, and J. A. Carton, 1997: A new model of the oceanic evaporation duct. J. Appl. Meteor., 36, 193-204.
4. Beal, R. C., V. N. Kudryavtsev, D. R. Thompson, S. A. Grodsky, D. G. Tilley, V. A. Dulov, and H. C. Graber, 1997: The influence of the marine atmospheric boundary layer on ERS 1 synthetic aperture radar imagery of the Gulf Stream. J. Geophys. Res., 102, 5799-5814.
5. Bergmann, J. C., 1998: A physical interpretation of von Kármán's constant based on asymptotic considerations - A new value. J. Atmos. Sci., 55, 3403-3405.
6. Brown, R. A., 1980: Longitudinal instabilities and secondary flew in the atmospheric boundary layer: A review. Rev. Geophys. Space Phys., 18, 683-697.
7. Businger, J. A., J. C. Wyngaard, Y. Izumi, and E. F. Bradley, 1971: Flux profile relationships in the atmospheric surface layer. J. Atmos. Sci., 28, 181-189.
8. Deardorff, J. W., 1970: Convective velocity and temperature scales for the unstable planetary boundary layer and for Rayleigh convection. J. Atmos. Sci., 27, 1211-1213.
9. _, 1976: Discussion of "Thermals over the sea and gull flight behavior" by A. H. Woodcock. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 10, 241-246.
10. Donelen, M. A., W. M. Drennen, and K. B. Katsaros, 1997: The air-sea momentum flux in mixed wind sea and swell conditions. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 27, 2087-2099.
11. Dyer, A. J., and B. B. Hicks, 1982: Kolmogoroff constants at the 1976 ITCE. Bound.-Liiyer Meteor., 22, 137-150.
12. Edson, J. B., and C. W. Fairall, 1998: Similarity relationships in the marine atmospheric surface layer for terms in the TKE and scalar variance budgets. J. Atmos. Sci., 55, 2311-2328.
13. Fairall, C. W., E. F. Bradley, D. P. Rogers, J. B. Edson, and G. S. Young, 1996: Bulk parameterization of the air-sea fluxes for Tropical Ocean-Global Atmosphere Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Response Experiment. J. Geophys. Res., 101, 3747-3764.
14. Fetterer, F., D. Gineris, and C. C. Wackerman, 1998: Validating a scatterometer wind algorithm for ERS-1 SAR. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 36, 479-492.
15. Freilich, M. H., and D. B. Chelton, 1986: Wavenumber spectra of Pacific winds measured by the Seasat scatterometer. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 16, 741-757.
16. Garratt, J. R., 1977: Review of drag coefficients over oceans and continents. Mon. Wea. Rev., 105, 915-929.
17. Hasselmann, K., and S. Hasselmann, 1991: On the nonlinear mapping of an ocean wave spectrum into a synthetic aperture radar image and its inversion. J. Geophys. Res., 96, 10713-10729.
18. _, R. K. Raney, W. J. Plant, W. R. Alpers, R. A. Shuchman, D. R. Lyzenga, C. L. Rufenach, and M. J. Tucker, 1985: Theory of synthetic aperture radar ocean imaging: A MARSEN view. J. Geophys. Res., 90, 4659-4686.
19. Hristov, T., C. Friehe, and S. Miller, 1998: Wave-coherent fields in air flow over ocean waves: Identification of cooperative behavior buried in turbulence. Phys. Rev. Lett., 81, 5245-5248.
20. Kaimal, J. C., J. C. Wyngaard, Y. Izumi, and O. R. Cote, 1972: Spectral characteristics of surface layer turbulence. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc. 98, 563-598.
21. _, D. A. Haugen, O. R. Cote, Y. Izumi, S. J. Caughey, and C. J. Readings, 1976: Turbulence structure of the convective boundary layer. J. Atmos. Sci., 33, 2152-2169.
22. Keller, M. R., W. C. Keller, and W. J. Plant, 1992: A wave tank study of the dependence of X band cross sections on wind speed and water temperature. J. Geophys. Res., 97 (C4), 5771-5792.
23. Keller, W. C., V. Wismann, and W. Alpers, 1989: Tower-based measurements of the ocean C-band radar backscattering cross section. J. Geophys. Res., 94 (C1), 924-930.
24. Kropfli, R. A., and P. H. Hildebrand, 1980: Three-diminensional wind measurements in the optically clear planetary boundary layer with dual-Doppler rader. Radio Sci., 15, 283-296.
25. Kuettner, J. P., 1971: Cloud bands in the Earth's atmosphere. Tellus, 23, 404-425.
26. Lehner, S., J. Horstmann, W. Koch, and W. Rosenthal, 1998: Mesoscale wind measurement using recalibarated ERS SAR. images. J. Geophys. Res., 103 (C4), 7847-7856.
27. LeMone, M. A., 1973: The structure and dynamics of horizontal roll vortices in the PBL. J. Atmos. Sci., 30, 1077-1091.
28. Lenschow, D. H., and B. B. Stankov, 1986: Length scales in the convective boundary layer. J. Atmos. Sci., 43, 1198-1209.
29. Lilly, D. K., 1989: Two-dimensional turbulence generated by energy sources at two scales. J. Atmos. Sci., 46, 2026-2030.
30. Mann, J., 1998: Wind field simulation. Probab. Eng. Mech., 13, 269-282.
31. Moeng, C.-H., 1984: A large-eddy-simulation model for the study of planetary boundary-layer turbulence. J. Atmos. Sci., 41, 2052-2062.
32. Monin, A. S., and A. M. Obukhov, 1954: Basic laws of turbulent mixing in the atmosphere near the ground. Tr. Geofiz. Inst., Akad. Nauk. SSSR, 24, 163-187.
33. Mourad, P. D., 1996: Interring multiscale structure in atmospheric turbulence using satellite-based synthetic aperture radar imagery. J. Geophys. Res., 101 (C8), 18433-18449.
34. Mourad, P. D., 1999: Footprints of atmospheric phenomena in synthetic aperture radar images of the ocean surface: A review. Air-Sea Interaction, G. Geernaert, Ed., Kluwer Academic, 269-290.
35. _, and B. A. Walter, 1996: Viewing a cold air outbreak using satellite-based synthetic aperture radar and very high resolution radiometer imagery. J. Geophys. Res., 101 (C7), 16391-16400.
36. Musson-Genon, L., S. Gauthier, and E. Bruth, 1992: A simple method to determine evaporation duct height in the sea surface boundary layer. Radio Sci., 27, 635-644.
37. Nicholls, S., and C. J. Readings, 1981: Spectral characteristics of surface layer turbulence over the sea. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 107, 591-614.
38. Nilsson, C. S., and P. C. Tiddesley, 1995: Imaging of oceanic features by ERS-1 synthetic aperture radar. J. Geophys. Res., 100, 953-967.
39. Nucciarone, J. J., and G. S. Young, 1991: Aircraft measurements of turbulence spectra in the marine stratocumulus topped boundary layer. J. Atmos. Sci., 48, 2382-2392.
40. Panofsky, H. A., and J. A. Dutton, 1984: Atmospheric Turbulence. Wiley Interscience, 397 pp.
41. Paulus, R. A., 1985: Practical application of an evaporation duct model. Radio Sci., 20, 887-896.
42. Plant, W. J., 1982: A relationship between wind stress and wave slope. J. Geophys. Res., 87 (C3), 1961-1967.
43. Rufenach, C. L., R. A. Shuchman, and N. P. Malinas, 1991: Ocean wave spectral distortion in airborne synthetic aperture radar imagery during the Norwegian Continental Shelf Experiment of 1988. J. Geophys. Res., 96, 10453-10466.
44. Schmidt, H., and U. Schumann, 1989: Coherent structure of the convective boundary layer derived from large-eddy simulations. J. Fluid Mech., 200, 511-562.
45. Schumann, H., and C.-H. Moeng, 1991: Plume fluxes in clear and cloudy convective boundary layers. J. Atmos. Sci., 48, 1746-1757.
46. Sikora, T. D., G. S. Young, R. C. Beal, and J. B. Edson, 1995: Use of spaceborne synthetic aperture radar imagery of the sea surface in detecting the presence and structure of the convective marine atmospheric boundary layer. Mon. Wea. Rev., 123, 3623-3632.
47. _, _, and H. N. Shirer, 1997: Estimating convective atmospheric boundary layer depth from microwave radar imagery of the sea surface. J. Appl. Meteor., 36, 833-845.
48. Smith, S. D., 1988: Coefficients for sea surface stress, heal flux, and wind profiles as a function of wind speed and temperature. J. Geophys. Res., 93, 15 467-15 472.
49. Stoffelen, A. C. M., 1998: Toward the true near-surface wind speed: Error modeling and calibration using triple collocation. J. Geophys. Res., 103 (C4), 7755-7766.
50. _, and D. L. T. Anderson, 1993: Wind retrieval and ERS-1 scatterometer radar backscatter measurements. Adv. Space Sci., 13, 53-60.
51. Stull, R. B., 1988: An Introduction to Boundary Layer Meteorology. Kluwer Academic, 666 pp.
52. Thompson, D. R., 1985: Intensity modulations in synthetic aperture radar images of ocean surface currents and the wave/current interaction process. Johns Hopkins Univ., Appl. Phys. Lab. Tech. Dig., 6 (4), 346-353.
53. _, and R. C. Beal, 1998: Mapping mesoscale and submesoscale wind fields using synthetic aperture radar. Proc. Int. Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symp. '98, Seattle, WA, IEEE, 1382-1384.
54. Vachon, P. W., and F. W. Dobson, 1996: Validation of wind vector retrieval from ERS-1 SAR images over the ocean. Global Atmos. Ocean Syst., 5, 177-187.
55. Vesecky, J. F., and R. H. Stuart, 1982: The observation of ocean surface phenomena using imagery from SEASAT synthetic aperture radar: An assessment. J. Geophys. Res., 87, 3397-3430.
56. Wackerman, C. C., C. L. Rufenach, R. A. Shuchman, J. A. Johannessen, and K. L. Davidson, 1996: Wind vector retrieval using ERS-1 synthetic aperture radar imagery. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 34, 1343-1352.
57. Wissman, V., 1992: A C-band scatterometer model derived from the data obtained during ERS-1 calibration/validation campaign. Proc. First ERS-1 Symp. Cannes, France, European Space Association, 55-59.
58. Woodcock, A. H., 1975: Thermals over the sea and gull flight behavior. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 9, 63-68.
59. Young, G. S., 1987: Mixed layer spectra from aircraft measurements. J. Atmos. Sci., 44, 1251-1256.
60. _, 1988a: Turbulence structure of the convective boundary layer. Part I: Variability of normalized turbulence statistics. J. Atmos. Sci., 45, 719-726.
61. _, 1988b: Turbulence structure of the convective boundary layer. Part II: Phoenix 78 aircraft observations of thermals and their environment. J. Atmos. Sci., 45, 727-735.
62. _, and L. Kristensen, 1992: Boundary layer gusts for aircraft operations. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 59, 231-242.
63. Zecchetto, S., P. Trivero, B. Fiscella, and P. Pavese, 1998: Wind stress structure in the unstable marine surface layer detected by SAR. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 86, 1-28.