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23 Day C, Davis H. Community child mental-health services: a framework for the development of parenting initiatives. Clin Child Psychol Psychiatry 1999; 4:475-482. A description of community-based child mental health services is provided, with the emphasis on promotion, prevention and early intervention. Service includes parent advisors and early intervention clinics in general practice settings.
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30 Bower P, Sibbald B. Do consultation-liaison services change the behaviour of primary care providers: a review? Gen Hosp Psychiatry (in press).
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32 Audit Commission. Children in mind: child and adolescent mental health services. Portsmouth, UK: Holbrooks Printers; 1999. This is a report of national audit of CAMHS, which is very useful for specialist providers because it focuses on tiers two to four (unidisciplinary specialist treatment, multidisciplinary specialist treatment and specialist supradistrict care, respectively), but there is very little on primary care.
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34 Harrington R, Kerfoot M, Verduyn C. Developing needs led child and adolescent mental health services: issues and prospects. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1999; 8:1-10. Given the development of primary care groups and primary care trusts in the UK, this paper is important because it describes a model for measuring the mental health needs of children and adolescent persons, the criteria that might be used to set priorities and different models of service organization. There is also a review of the data on the efficacy of interventions, although little is specific to primary care.
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35 Arcelus J, Bellerby T, Vostanis P. A mental-health service for young people in the care of the local authority. Clin Child Psychol Psychiatry 1999; 4:233-1999. This paper describes a direct access mental health service for young people in the care of local authorities. Given health policy initiatives, the discussion of difficulties encountered in joint working with agencies is useful.
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37 Kubiszyn T. Integrating health and mental health services in schools: psychologists collaborating with primary care providers. Clin Psychol Rev 1999; 19:179-198. This paper reviews expansion of psychological practice to include school-based treatment. Information is provided on legislation initiatives of limited usefulness in the UK. The coverage of ethical and legal issues is useful in relation to development of interventions in schools.
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39 Evans S. Mental health services in schools: utilization, effectiveness, and consent. Clin Psychol Rev 1999; 19:165-178. This is a review of literature on school-based mental health service programmes in the USA in relation to utilization, effectiveness and consent. Important issues in the development of these services are highlighted.
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42 Ramchandani P, Wiggs L, Webb V, Stores G. A systematic review of treatments for settling problems and night waking in young children. Br Med J 2000; 320:209-213. This is a systematic review of treatments for children with night waking and settling problems. It was found that medication and behavioural approaches were effective in the short term, but that the latter showed more promise in terms of long-term efficacy. The relevance of the studies to primary care populations is unclear.
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43 York A, Hill P. Treating depression in children and adolescents. Curr Opin Psychiatry 1999; 12:77-80. This paper reviews psychotherapy, medication, and electroconvulsive therapy as treatments for depression. It is concluded that research in this area is often methodologically poor, with small sample sizes, short-term outcomes and failure to examine wider outcomes such as social and academic performance. The relevance of the studies to primary care populations is unclear.
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44 Lewinsohn P, Clarke G. Psychosocial treatments for adolescent depression. Clin Psychol Rev 1999; 19:329-342. A meta-analysis of studies of cognitive-behavioural therapy is provided that is not exhaustive, but is intended to be used as a short cut for clinicians. It argues that greater adoption of cognitive-behavioural therapy in the treatment of depressed adolescent persons is justified by existing research, but more studies are needed.
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