메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 21, Issue 2, 2000, Pages 361-379

Treatment of acute asthma: A new look at the old and at the new

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AMINOPHYLLINE; BETA 2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR STIMULATING AGENT; CORTICOSTEROID; HELIUM; IPRATROPIUM BROMIDE; LEUKOTRIENE; LEVALBUTEROL; MAGNESIUM; METHYLPREDNISOLONE; OXYGEN; SALBUTAMOL; THEOPHYLLINE; ZAFIRLUKAST; ZILEUTON;

EID: 0033919439     PISSN: 02725231     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0272-5231(05)70272-0     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (21)

References (147)
  • 1
    • 0006968955 scopus 로고
    • Consensus conference on aerosol delivery
    • Aerosol Consensus Statement Consensus conference on aerosol delivery Chest 100 1991 1106
    • (1991) Chest , vol.100 , pp. 1106
    • Aerosol Consensus Statement1
  • 2
    • 0031871195 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A placebo-controlled, dose-ranging study of montelukast, a cysteinyl leukotriene-receptor antagonist
    • L.C. Altman Z. Munk J. Seltzer A placebo-controlled, dose-ranging study of montelukast, a cysteinyl leukotriene-receptor antagonist J Allergy Clin Immunol 102 1998 50
    • (1998) J Allergy Clin Immunol , vol.102 , pp. 50
    • Altman, L.C.1    Munk, Z.2    Seltzer, J.3
  • 3
    • 0005250416 scopus 로고
    • Prostaglandin-induced relaxations and contractions of arterial smooth muscle: Effects of magnesium ions
    • B.M. Altura B.T. Altura Y. Waldemar Prostaglandin-induced relaxations and contractions of arterial smooth muscle: Effects of magnesium ions Artery 2 1976 326
    • (1976) Artery , vol.2 , pp. 326
    • Altura, B.M.1    Altura, B.T.2    Waldemar, Y.3
  • 4
    • 0024314339 scopus 로고
    • Epinephrine improves expiratory flow rates in patients with asthma who do not respond to inhaled metaproterenol sulfate
    • D. Appel J. Karpel M. Sherman Epinephrine improves expiratory flow rates in patients with asthma who do not respond to inhaled metaproterenol sulfate J Allergy Clin Immunol 84 1989 90
    • (1989) J Allergy Clin Immunol , vol.84 , pp. 90
    • Appel, D.1    Karpel, J.2    Sherman, M.3
  • 5
    • 0028827084 scopus 로고
    • Standards for the diagnosis and care of patients with chronic obstructive lung disease
    • ATS statement Standards for the diagnosis and care of patients with chronic obstructive lung disease Am J Respir Crit Care Med 152 1995 S77
    • (1995) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.152 , pp. S77
    • ATS statement1
  • 6
    • 0000482902 scopus 로고
    • Use of helium as a new therapeutic gas
    • A.L. Barach Use of helium as a new therapeutic gas Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 32 1934 462
    • (1934) Proc Soc Exp Biol Med , vol.32 , pp. 462
    • Barach, A.L.1
  • 7
    • 0000408481 scopus 로고
    • The use of helium in the treatment of asthma and obstructive lesions in the larynx and trachea
    • A.L. Barach The use of helium in the treatment of asthma and obstructive lesions in the larynx and trachea Ann Intern Med 9 1935 739
    • (1935) Ann Intern Med , vol.9 , pp. 739
    • Barach, A.L.1
  • 8
    • 0001406970 scopus 로고
    • The therapeutic use of helium
    • A.L. Barach The therapeutic use of helium JAMA 107 1936 1273
    • (1936) JAMA , vol.107 , pp. 1273
    • Barach, A.L.1
  • 9
    • 0029759168 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of action of glucocorticoids in asthma
    • P. Barnes Mechanisms of action of glucocorticoids in asthma Am J Respir Crit Care Med 154 1996 S21
    • (1996) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.154 , pp. S21
    • Barnes, P.1
  • 10
    • 0024504193 scopus 로고
    • Muscarinic receptor subtypes: Implications for lung disease
    • P.J. Barnes Muscarinic receptor subtypes: Implications for lung disease Thorax 44 1989 161
    • (1989) Thorax , vol.44 , pp. 161
    • Barnes, P.J.1
  • 11
    • 85120129952 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • P.J. Barnes Neural Control of Airway Function in Asthma. Asthma: Basic Mechanisms and Clinical Management 1998 Academic Press San Diego, CA 3999
    • (1998) , pp. 3999
    • Barnes, P.J.1
  • 12
    • 0020585653 scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetics and protein binding of prednisolone after oral and intravenous administration
    • H. Bergrem P. Grottum H.E. Rugstad Pharmacokinetics and protein binding of prednisolone after oral and intravenous administration Eur J Clin Pharmacol 24 1983 415 419
    • (1983) Eur J Clin Pharmacol , vol.24 , pp. 415-419
    • Bergrem, H.1    Grottum, P.2    Rugstad, H.E.3
  • 13
    • 0029030121 scopus 로고
    • Intravenous magnesium sulfate as an adjunct in the treatment of acute asthma
    • H. Bloch R. Silverman N. Mancherje Intravenous magnesium sulfate as an adjunct in the treatment of acute asthma Chest 107 1995 1576
    • (1995) Chest , vol.107 , pp. 1576
    • Bloch, H.1    Silverman, R.2    Mancherje, N.3
  • 14
    • 0021709803 scopus 로고
    • Intravenous salbutamol in the treatment of status asthmaticus in children
    • D. Bohn A. Kallaghilian J. Jenkins Intravenous salbutamol in the treatment of status asthmaticus in children Crit Care Med 12 1984 892
    • (1984) Crit Care Med , vol.12 , pp. 892
    • Bohn, D.1    Kallaghilian, A.2    Jenkins, J.3
  • 15
    • 0024411966 scopus 로고
    • Using helium-oxygen mixtures in the emergency management of acute upper airway obstruction
    • J.M. Boorstein S.M. Boorstein G.N. Humphries Using helium-oxygen mixtures in the emergency management of acute upper airway obstruction Ann Emerg Med 18 1989 688
    • (1989) Ann Emerg Med , vol.18 , pp. 688
    • Boorstein, J.M.1    Boorstein, S.M.2    Humphries, G.N.3
  • 16
    • 0026543068 scopus 로고
    • Substitution of metered-dose inhalers for hand-held nebulizers: Success and cost savings in a large, acute-care hospital
    • D.L. Bowton W.M. Goldsmith E.F. Haponik Substitution of metered-dose inhalers for hand-held nebulizers: Success and cost savings in a large, acute-care hospital Chest 101 1992 305
    • (1992) Chest , vol.101 , pp. 305
    • Bowton, D.L.1    Goldsmith, W.M.2    Haponik, E.F.3
  • 17
    • 0023001899 scopus 로고
    • Catecholamine-stimulated GTPase cycle. Multiple sites of regulation by β-adrenergic receptor and Mg2+ studied in reconstituted receptor-Gs vesicles
    • D.R. Brandt E.M. Ross Catecholamine-stimulated GTPase cycle. Multiple sites of regulation by β-adrenergic receptor and Mg2+ studied in reconstituted receptor-Gs vesicles J Biol Chem 261 1986 1656
    • (1986) J Biol Chem , vol.261 , pp. 1656
    • Brandt, D.R.1    Ross, E.M.2
  • 18
    • 33750252093 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomized trial of inhaled flunisolide versus placebo in asthmatics discharged from the emergency department [abstract]
    • B.E. Brenner K.A. Guishard A. Wray Randomized trial of inhaled flunisolide versus placebo in asthmatics discharged from the emergency department [abstract] Chest 1998 296S
    • (1998) Chest , pp. 296S
    • Brenner, B.E.1    Guishard, K.A.2    Wray, A.3
  • 19
  • 20
    • 0000922091 scopus 로고
    • On the hypodermatic use of adrenalin chloride in the treatment of asthmatic attacks
    • J.G.M. Bullowa D.M. Kaplan On the hypodermatic use of adrenalin chloride in the treatment of asthmatic attacks Medical News 83 1903 787
    • (1903) Medical News , vol.83 , pp. 787
    • Bullowa, J.G.M.1    Kaplan, D.M.2
  • 21
    • 0029826754 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Magnesium attenuates the neutrophil respiratory burst in adult asthmatic patients
    • C.B. Cairns M. Kraft Magnesium attenuates the neutrophil respiratory burst in adult asthmatic patients Acad Emerg Med 3 1996 1093
    • (1996) Acad Emerg Med , vol.3 , pp. 1093
    • Cairns, C.B.1    Kraft, M.2
  • 22
    • 8244235834 scopus 로고
    • A note on the inhalation treatment of asthma
    • P.W.L. Camps A note on the inhalation treatment of asthma Guys Hospital Reports 79 1929 496
    • (1929) Guys Hospital Reports , vol.79 , pp. 496
    • Camps, P.W.L.1
  • 23
    • 0029893414 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Airway structure and inflammatory cells in fatal attacks of asthma
    • N. Carroll C. Carello C. Cooke Airway structure and inflammatory cells in fatal attacks of asthma Eur Respir J 9 1996 709
    • (1996) Eur Respir J , vol.9 , pp. 709
    • Carroll, N.1    Carello, C.2    Cooke, C.3
  • 24
    • 0027404742 scopus 로고
    • The structure of large and small airways in nonfatal and fatal asthma
    • N. Carroll J. Elliot A. Morton The structure of large and small airways in nonfatal and fatal asthma Am Rev Respir Dis 147 1993 405
    • (1993) Am Rev Respir Dis , vol.147 , pp. 405
    • Carroll, N.1    Elliot, J.2    Morton, A.3
  • 25
    • 0029939759 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variability of airway structure and inflammation in normal subjects and in cases of nonfatal and fatal asthma
    • N. Carroll J. Lehmann A. Barret Variability of airway structure and inflammation in normal subjects and in cases of nonfatal and fatal asthma Pathol Res Pract 192 1996 238
    • (1996) Pathol Res Pract , vol.192 , pp. 238
    • Carroll, N.1    Lehmann, J.2    Barret, A.3
  • 26
    • 0032562336 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Surveillance for asthma—United States, 1960–1995
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Surveillance for asthma—United States, 1960–1995 MMWR 47 1998 1
    • (1998) MMWR , vol.47 , pp. 1
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention1
  • 27
    • 0025967724 scopus 로고
    • Effect of a short course of prednisone in the prevention of early relapse after the emergency room treatment of acute asthma
    • K.R. Chapman P.R. Verbeek J.G. White Effect of a short course of prednisone in the prevention of early relapse after the emergency room treatment of acute asthma N Engl J Med 324 1991 788
    • (1991) N Engl J Med , vol.324 , pp. 788
    • Chapman, K.R.1    Verbeek, P.R.2    White, J.G.3
  • 28
    • 0023787564 scopus 로고
    • Intravenous β-agonist in severe acute asthma
    • B. Cheong S.R. Reynolds G. Rajan Intravenous β-agonist in severe acute asthma Br Med J 297 1988 448
    • (1988) Br Med J , vol.297 , pp. 448
    • Cheong, B.1    Reynolds, S.R.2    Rajan, G.3
  • 29
    • 0028851093 scopus 로고
    • Metered-dose inhalers with spacers vs nebulizers for pediatric asthma
    • Chou K.J. Cunningham S.J. Crain E.F. Metered-dose inhalers with spacers vs nebulizers for pediatric asthma Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 149 1995 201
    • (1995) Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med , vol.149 , pp. 201
    • Chou, K.J.1    Cunningham, S.J.2    Crain, E.F.3
  • 30
    • 0027237258 scopus 로고
    • A comparison of albuterol administered by metered dose inhaler (and holding chamber) or wet nebulizer in acute asthma
    • A. Colacone M. Afilalo N. Wolkove A comparison of albuterol administered by metered dose inhaler (and holding chamber) or wet nebulizer in acute asthma Chest 104 1993 835
    • (1993) Chest , vol.104 , pp. 835
    • Colacone, A.1    Afilalo, M.2    Wolkove, N.3
  • 31
    • 0025228619 scopus 로고
    • Continuous nebulization of albuterol in acute asthma
    • A. Colacone N. Wolkove E. Stern Continuous nebulization of albuterol in acute asthma Chest 97 1990 693
    • (1990) Chest , vol.97 , pp. 693
    • Colacone, A.1    Wolkove, N.2    Stern, E.3
  • 32
    • 0027647873 scopus 로고
    • Intravenous aminophylline confers no benefit in acute asthma treated with intravenous steroids and inhaled bronchodilators
    • J. Coleridge P. Cameron J. Epstein Intravenous aminophylline confers no benefit in acute asthma treated with intravenous steroids and inhaled bronchodilators Aust NZ J Med 23 1993 348
    • (1993) Aust NZ J Med , vol.23 , pp. 348
    • Coleridge, J.1    Cameron, P.2    Epstein, J.3
  • 33
    • 0344577393 scopus 로고
    • The nature of the neuromuscular block produced by magnesium
    • Del Castillo J. L. Engbaek The nature of the neuromuscular block produced by magnesium J Physiol 124 1954 370
    • (1954) J Physiol , vol.124 , pp. 370
    • Del Castillo, J.1    Engbaek, L.2
  • 34
    • 0016440417 scopus 로고
    • Bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of prednisone in humans
    • A.R. Disanto K.A. DeSante Bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of prednisone in humans J Pharm Sci 64 1975 109
    • (1975) J Pharm Sci , vol.64 , pp. 109
    • Disanto, A.R.1    DeSante, K.A.2
  • 35
    • 0027717992 scopus 로고
    • Relapse following emergency treatment for acute asthma: Can it be predicted or prevented?
    • F.M. Ducharme M.S. Kramer Relapse following emergency treatment for acute asthma: Can it be predicted or prevented? J Clin Epidemiol 46 1993 1395
    • (1993) J Clin Epidemiol , vol.46 , pp. 1395
    • Ducharme, F.M.1    Kramer, M.S.2
  • 36
    • 0018090906 scopus 로고
    • Calcium efflux from sarcoplasmic reticulum: Effects of calcium and magnesium
    • J. Dunnett W.G. Nayler Calcium efflux from sarcoplasmic reticulum: Effects of calcium and magnesium J Mol Cell Cardiol 10 1978 487
    • (1978) J Mol Cell Cardiol , vol.10 , pp. 487
    • Dunnett, J.1    Nayler, W.G.2
  • 37
    • 0028355155 scopus 로고
    • The effects of oral prednisone on airway inflammation mediators in atopic asthma
    • R. Dworski G.A. Fitzgerald J.A. Oates The effects of oral prednisone on airway inflammation mediators in atopic asthma Am J Respir Crit Care Med 149 1994 953
    • (1994) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.149 , pp. 953
    • Dworski, R.1    Fitzgerald, G.A.2    Oates, J.A.3
  • 38
    • 0022645336 scopus 로고
    • Enflurane and halothane in status asthmaticus
    • M. Echeverria A.W. Gelb H.R. Wexler Enflurane and halothane in status asthmaticus Chest 89 1986 152
    • (1986) Chest , vol.89 , pp. 152
    • Echeverria, M.1    Gelb, A.W.2    Wexler, H.R.3
  • 39
    • 0020409801 scopus 로고
    • The acute effects of corticosteroids in bronchial asthma
    • R. Ellul-Micallef The acute effects of corticosteroids in bronchial asthma Eur J Respir Dis Suppl 122 1982 118
    • (1982) Eur J Respir Dis Suppl , vol.122 , pp. 118
    • Ellul-Micallef, R.1
  • 40
    • 0029065054 scopus 로고
    • A randomized comparison of 100-mg vs 500-mg dose of methylprednisolone in the treatment of acute asthma
    • C.L. Emerman R.K. Cydulka A randomized comparison of 100-mg vs 500-mg dose of methylprednisolone in the treatment of acute asthma Chest 107 1995 1559
    • (1995) Chest , vol.107 , pp. 1559
    • Emerman, C.L.1    Cydulka, R.K.2
  • 41
    • 0029016726 scopus 로고
    • Factors associated with relapse after emergency department treatment for acute asthma
    • C.L. Emerman R.K. Cydulka Factors associated with relapse after emergency department treatment for acute asthma Ann Emerg Med 26 1995 6
    • (1995) Ann Emerg Med , vol.26 , pp. 6
    • Emerman, C.L.1    Cydulka, R.K.2
  • 42
    • 0032959733 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of 2.5 vs 7.5 mg of inhaled albuterol in the treatment of acute asthma
    • C.L. Emerman R.K. Cydulka E.R. McFadden Comparison of 2.5 vs 7.5 mg of inhaled albuterol in the treatment of acute asthma Chest 115 1999 92
    • (1999) Chest , vol.115 , pp. 92
    • Emerman, C.L.1    Cydulka, R.K.2    McFadden, E.R.3
  • 43
    • 0032960226 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prospective multicenter study of relapse following treatment for acute asthma among adults presenting to the emergency department
    • C.L. Emerman P.G. Woodruff R.K. Cydulka Prospective multicenter study of relapse following treatment for acute asthma among adults presenting to the emergency department Chest 115 1999 919
    • (1999) Chest , vol.115 , pp. 919
    • Emerman, C.L.1    Woodruff, P.G.2    Cydulka, R.K.3
  • 44
    • 0027258264 scopus 로고
    • Disruption of pulmonary surfactant's ability to maintain openness of a narrow tube
    • G. Enhoring B. Hol Disruption of pulmonary surfactant's ability to maintain openness of a narrow tube J Appl Physiol 74 1993 2922
    • (1993) J Appl Physiol , vol.74 , pp. 2922
    • Enhoring, G.1    Hol, B.2
  • 45
    • 85120109256 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expert Panel Report II: Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of asthma 1997 National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health Bethesda, MD
    • (1997)
  • 46
    • 0020611336 scopus 로고
    • Glucocorticoids in acute asthma: A critical controlled trial
    • C.H. Fanta T.H. Rossing E.R. McFadden Glucocorticoids in acute asthma: A critical controlled trial Am J Med 74 1983 845
    • (1983) Am J Med , vol.74 , pp. 845
    • Fanta, C.H.1    Rossing, T.H.2    McFadden, E.R.3
  • 47
    • 0027462536 scopus 로고
    • Management of chronic pulmonary lung disease
    • G.T. Ferguson R.M. Cherniack Management of chronic pulmonary lung disease N Engl J Med 328 1993 1017
    • (1993) N Engl J Med , vol.328 , pp. 1017
    • Ferguson, G.T.1    Cherniack, R.M.2
  • 48
    • 0020610201 scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of short-term corticosteroid therapy in outpatient treatment of acute bronchial asthma
    • S.B. Fiel M.A. Swartz K. Glanz Efficacy of short-term corticosteroid therapy in outpatient treatment of acute bronchial asthma Am J Med 75 1983 259
    • (1983) Am J Med , vol.75 , pp. 259
    • Fiel, S.B.1    Swartz, M.A.2    Glanz, K.3
  • 49
    • 0030875339 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Zafirlukast for symptomatic mild–moderate asthma: A 13-week multicenter study
    • J.E. Fish J.P. Kemp R.F. Lockey Zafirlukast for symptomatic mild–moderate asthma: A 13-week multicenter study Clin Ther 19 1997 675
    • (1997) Clin Ther , vol.19 , pp. 675
    • Fish, J.E.1    Kemp, J.P.2    Lockey, R.F.3
  • 50
    • 0025302890 scopus 로고
    • Clinical pharmacokinetics of prednisone and prednisolone
    • B.M. Frey F.J. Frey Clinical pharmacokinetics of prednisone and prednisolone Clin Pharmacokinet 19 1990 126
    • (1990) Clin Pharmacokinet , vol.19 , pp. 126
    • Frey, B.M.1    Frey, F.J.2
  • 51
    • 0029086723 scopus 로고
    • Independent parental administration of prednisone in acute asthma: A double-blind placebo-controlled, crossover study
    • C.C. Grant A.K. Duggan C. DeAngelis Independent parental administration of prednisone in acute asthma: A double-blind placebo-controlled, crossover study Pediatrics 96 1995 224
    • (1995) Pediatrics , vol.96 , pp. 224
    • Grant, C.C.1    Duggan, A.K.2    DeAngelis, C.3
  • 52
    • 0026572273 scopus 로고
    • Intravenous magnesium for acute asthma: Failure to decrease emergency treatment duration or need for hospitalization
    • S.M. Green S.G. Rothrock Intravenous magnesium for acute asthma: Failure to decrease emergency treatment duration or need for hospitalization Ann Emerg Med 21 1992 3260
    • (1992) Ann Emerg Med , vol.21 , pp. 3260
    • Green, S.M.1    Rothrock, S.G.2
  • 53
    • 0032885744 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The asthma-like pharmacology and toxicology of (S)-isomers of β-agonists
    • D. Handley The asthma-like pharmacology and toxicology of (S)-isomers of β-agonists J Allergy Clin Immunol 104 1999 S69
    • (1999) J Allergy Clin Immunol , vol.104 , pp. S69
    • Handley, D.1
  • 54
    • 0000228216 scopus 로고
    • Blood serum magnesium in bronchial asthma and its treatment by administration of magnesium sulfate
    • V.G. Haury Blood serum magnesium in bronchial asthma and its treatment by administration of magnesium sulfate J Lab Clin Med 26 1940 340
    • (1940) J Lab Clin Med , vol.26 , pp. 340
    • Haury, V.G.1
  • 55
    • 0032928296 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of heliox-driven nebulizer therapy in the treatment of acute asthma
    • S. Henderson P. Acharya T. Kilaghbian Use of heliox-driven nebulizer therapy in the treatment of acute asthma Ann Emerg Med 33 1999 141
    • (1999) Ann Emerg Med , vol.33 , pp. 141
    • Henderson, S.1    Acharya, P.2    Kilaghbian, T.3
  • 56
    • 0020627079 scopus 로고
    • Use of intravenous isoproterenol for status asthmaticus in children
    • J. Herman Z. Noah R. Moody Use of intravenous isoproterenol for status asthmaticus in children Crit Care Med 11 1983 716
    • (1983) Crit Care Med , vol.11 , pp. 716
    • Herman, J.1    Noah, Z.2    Moody, R.3
  • 57
    • 0001238207 scopus 로고
    • Successful treatment of persistent extreme dyspnea: `Status asthmaticus—use of theophylline ethylene diamine intravenously
    • G. Herrmann M.B. Aynesworth Successful treatment of persistent extreme dyspnea: `Status asthmaticus—use of theophylline ethylene diamine intravenously J Lab Clin Med 23 1937 135
    • (1937) J Lab Clin Med , vol.23 , pp. 135
    • Herrmann, G.1    Aynesworth, M.B.2
  • 58
    • 0032962998 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of heliox on nebulizer function using a β-agonist bronchodilator
    • D.R. Hess F. Acosta R. Ritz The effect of heliox on nebulizer function using a β-agonist bronchodilator Chest 115 1999 184
    • (1999) Chest , vol.115 , pp. 184
    • Hess, D.R.1    Acosta, F.2    Ritz, R.3
  • 59
    • 0028237889 scopus 로고
    • Acute asthma. Single-dose oral steroids in pediatric community clinics
    • I. Horowitz O. Zafrir S. Gilboa Acute asthma. Single-dose oral steroids in pediatric community clinics Eur J Pediatr 153 1994 526
    • (1994) Eur J Pediatr , vol.153 , pp. 526
    • Horowitz, I.1    Zafrir, O.2    Gilboa, S.3
  • 60
    • 0030039890 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of intravenous ketamine in acute asthma
    • J. Howton J. Rose S. Duffy Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of intravenous ketamine in acute asthma Ann Emerg Med 27 1996 170
    • (1996) Ann Emerg Med , vol.27 , pp. 170
    • Howton, J.1    Rose, J.2    Duffy, S.3
  • 61
    • 0027527477 scopus 로고
    • Does aminophylline benefit adults admitted to the hospital for an acute exacerbation of asthma?
    • D. Huang R. O'Brien E. Harman Does aminophylline benefit adults admitted to the hospital for an acute exacerbation of asthma? Ann Intern Med 119 1993 1155
    • (1993) Ann Intern Med , vol.119 , pp. 1155
    • Huang, D.1    O'Brien, R.2    Harman, E.3
  • 62
    • 0027400956 scopus 로고
    • Emergency department treatment of severe asthma. Metered-dose inhaler plus holding chamber is equivalent in effectiveness to nebulizer
    • A.H. Idris M.F. McDermott J.C. Raucci Emergency department treatment of severe asthma. Metered-dose inhaler plus holding chamber is equivalent in effectiveness to nebulizer Chest 103 1993 665
    • (1993) Chest , vol.103 , pp. 665
    • Idris, A.H.1    McDermott, M.F.2    Raucci, J.C.3
  • 63
    • 0021635585 scopus 로고
    • Magnesium: Nature's physiologic calcium blocker
    • L.T. Iseri J.H. French Magnesium: Nature's physiologic calcium blocker Am Heart J 108 1984 188
    • (1984) Am Heart J , vol.108 , pp. 188
    • Iseri, L.T.1    French, J.H.2
  • 64
    • 0032766394 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antigen-induced airway inflammation in atopic subjects generates dysfunction of pulmonary surfactant
    • N. Jarjour G. Enhorning Antigen-induced airway inflammation in atopic subjects generates dysfunction of pulmonary surfactant Am J Respir Crit Care Med 160 1999 336
    • (1999) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.160 , pp. 336
    • Jarjour, N.1    Enhorning, G.2
  • 65
    • 0025238688 scopus 로고
    • Isoflurane therapy for status asthmaticus in children and adults
    • R.G. Johnston T.W. Noseworthy E.G. Friesen Isoflurane therapy for status asthmaticus in children and adults Chest 97 1990 698
    • (1990) Chest , vol.97 , pp. 698
    • Johnston, R.G.1    Noseworthy, T.W.2    Friesen, E.G.3
  • 66
    • 0024576964 scopus 로고
    • Is airway closure caused by a liquid film instability?
    • R. Kamm R. Schroter Is airway closure caused by a liquid film instability? Respir Physiol 75 1989 141
    • (1989) Respir Physiol , vol.75 , pp. 141
    • Kamm, R.1    Schroter, R.2
  • 67
    • 0027986775 scopus 로고
    • Inhaled furosemide is not effective in acute asthma
    • J. Karpel F. Dworkin D. Hager Inhaled furosemide is not effective in acute asthma Chest 106 1994 1396
    • (1994) Chest , vol.106 , pp. 1396
    • Karpel, J.1    Dworkin, F.2    Hager, D.3
  • 68
    • 0030473412 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of ipratropium and albuterol vs albuterol alone for the treatment of acute asthma
    • J.P. Karpel E.N. Schacter C. Fanta A comparison of ipratropium and albuterol vs albuterol alone for the treatment of acute asthma Chest 110 1996 611
    • (1996) Chest , vol.110 , pp. 611
    • Karpel, J.P.1    Schacter, E.N.2    Fanta, C.3
  • 69
    • 0028948922 scopus 로고
    • Heliox therapy in acute severe asthma
    • J. Kass R. Castriotta Heliox therapy in acute severe asthma Chest 107 1995 757
    • (1995) Chest , vol.107 , pp. 757
    • Kass, J.1    Castriotta, R.2
  • 70
    • 0032796175 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of heliox in acute severe asthma
    • J. Kass C. Terregino The effect of heliox in acute severe asthma Chest 116 1999 296
    • (1999) Chest , vol.116 , pp. 296
    • Kass, J.1    Terregino, C.2
  • 71
    • 0027214272 scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of albuterol administered by nebulizer versus spacer device in children with asthma
    • E. Kerem H. Levison S. Schuh Efficacy of albuterol administered by nebulizer versus spacer device in children with asthma J Pediatric 123 1993 313
    • (1993) J Pediatric , vol.123 , pp. 313
    • Kerem, E.1    Levison, H.2    Schuh, S.3
  • 72
    • 0026558751 scopus 로고
    • Metered-dose inhalers and nebulizers in the acute setting
    • G.L. Kisch F.P. Paloucek Metered-dose inhalers and nebulizers in the acute setting Ann Pharmacother 26 1992 92
    • (1992) Ann Pharmacother , vol.26 , pp. 92
    • Kisch, G.L.1    Paloucek, F.P.2
  • 73
    • 0025990378 scopus 로고
    • Intravenous magnesium sulfate in acute, life-threatening asthma
    • L.M. Kuitert S.L. Kletchko Intravenous magnesium sulfate in acute, life-threatening asthma Ann Emerg Med 20 1991 1243
    • (1991) Ann Emerg Med , vol.20 , pp. 1243
    • Kuitert, L.M.1    Kletchko, S.L.2
  • 74
    • 0031865167 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of adding ipratropium bromide to salbutamol in the treatment of acute asthma
    • S.F. Lanes J.E. Garrett C.E. Wentworth The effect of adding ipratropium bromide to salbutamol in the treatment of acute asthma Chest 114 1998 2
    • (1998) Chest , vol.114 , pp. 2
    • Lanes, S.F.1    Garrett, J.E.2    Wentworth, C.E.3
  • 75
    • 0031938656 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Superiority of ipratropium plus albuterol over albuterol alone in the emergency department management of adult asthma: A randomized clinical trial
    • R.Y. Lin G.R. Pesola L. Bakalchuk Superiority of ipratropium plus albuterol over albuterol alone in the emergency department management of adult asthma: A randomized clinical trial Ann of Emerg Med 31 1998 208
    • (1998) Ann of Emerg Med , vol.31 , pp. 208
    • Lin, R.Y.1    Pesola, G.R.2    Bakalchuk, L.3
  • 76
    • 0032940476 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid improvement of peak flow in asthmatic patients treated with parenteral methylprednisolone in the emergency department: A randomized controlled study
    • R.Y. Lin G.R. Pesola L. Bakalchuk Rapid improvement of peak flow in asthmatic patients treated with parenteral methylprednisolone in the emergency department: A randomized controlled study Ann Emerg Med 33 1999 487
    • (1999) Ann Emerg Med , vol.33 , pp. 487
    • Lin, R.Y.1    Pesola, G.R.2    Bakalchuk, L.3
  • 77
    • 0027358952 scopus 로고
    • Continuous versus intermittent albuterol nebulization in the treatment of acute asthma
    • R.Y. Lin D. Sauter T. Newman Continuous versus intermittent albuterol nebulization in the treatment of acute asthma Ann Emerg Med 22 1993 1847
    • (1993) Ann Emerg Med , vol.22 , pp. 1847
    • Lin, R.Y.1    Sauter, D.2    Newman, T.3
  • 78
    • 0022648556 scopus 로고
    • A controlled trial of methylprednisolone in the emergency treatment of acute asthma
    • B. Littenberg E.H. Gluck A controlled trial of methylprednisolone in the emergency treatment of acute asthma N Engl J Med 314 1986 150
    • (1986) N Engl J Med , vol.314 , pp. 150
    • Littenberg, B.1    Gluck, E.H.2
  • 79
    • 0001136704 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pathophysiology of airway mucus secretion in asthma
    • Y.C. Liu A.M. Khawaja D.F. Rogers Pathophysiology of airway mucus secretion in asthma Barnes P.J. Rodger I.W. Thomson N.C. Asthma: Basic Mechanisms and Clinical Management, ed 3 1998 Academic Press San Diego, CA 208
    • (1998) , pp. 208
    • Liu, Y.C.1    Khawaja, A.M.2    Rogers, D.F.3
  • 80
    • 0018941992 scopus 로고
    • Corticosteroids in the treatment of acute exacerbations of asthma
    • M.L. Loren H. Chai P. Leung C. Rohr Corticosteroids in the treatment of acute exacerbations of asthma Ann Allergy 45 1980 67
    • (1980) Ann Allergy , vol.45 , pp. 67
    • Loren, M.L.1    Chai, H.2    Leung, P.3    Rohr, C.4
  • 82
    • 0025941684 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of a hand-held nebulizer with a metered dose inhaler–spacer combination in acute obstructive pulmonary disease
    • G.P. Maguire T. Newman L.J. DeLorenzo Comparison of a hand-held nebulizer with a metered dose inhaler–spacer combination in acute obstructive pulmonary disease Chest 100 1994 1300
    • (1994) Chest , vol.100 , pp. 1300
    • Maguire, G.P.1    Newman, T.2    DeLorenzo, L.J.3
  • 83
    • 0028821223 scopus 로고
    • Glucocorticoids increase β2-adrenergic receptor transcription in human lung
    • 2-adrenergic receptor transcription in human lung Am J Physiol 268 1995 L41
    • (1995) Am J Physiol , vol.268 , pp. L41
    • Mak, J.1    Nishikawa, M.2    Barnes, P.3
  • 84
    • 0029115523 scopus 로고
    • Protective effects of a glucocorticoid on downregulation of pulmonary β2-adrenergic receptors in vivo
    • J. Mak M. Nishikawa H. Shirasaki Protective effects of a glucocorticoid on downregulation of pulmonary β2-adrenergic receptors in vivo J Clin Invest 96 1995 99
    • (1995) J Clin Invest , vol.96 , pp. 99
    • Mak, J.1    Nishikawa, M.2    Shirasaki, H.3
  • 85
    • 0028795425 scopus 로고
    • Heliox improves pulsus paradoxus and peak expiratory flow in nonintubated patients with severe asthma
    • C.A. Manthous J.B. Hall A. Melmed Heliox improves pulsus paradoxus and peak expiratory flow in nonintubated patients with severe asthma Am J Respir Crit Care Med 151 1995 310
    • (1995) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.151 , pp. 310
    • Manthous, C.A.1    Hall, J.B.2    Melmed, A.3
  • 86
    • 0342460507 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of parasympatholytics on the resolution of acute attacks of asthma
    • E.R. McFadden N. Elsanadi L. Strauss The influence of parasympatholytics on the resolution of acute attacks of asthma Am J Med 102 1997 7
    • (1997) Am J Med , vol.102 , pp. 7
    • McFadden, E.R.1    Elsanadi, N.2    Strauss, L.3
  • 87
    • 0032126709 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of two dosage regimens of albuterol in acute asthma
    • E.R. McFadden L. Strauss R. Hejal Comparison of two dosage regimens of albuterol in acute asthma Am J Med 105 1998 12
    • (1998) Am J Med , vol.105 , pp. 12
    • McFadden, E.R.1    Strauss, L.2    Hejal, R.3
  • 88
    • 0017227339 scopus 로고
    • A controlled study of the effects of single doses of hydrocortisone on the resolution of acute attacks of asthma
    • McFadden E.R. Jr R. Kiser deGroot W.J. A controlled study of the effects of single doses of hydrocortisone on the resolution of acute attacks of asthma Am J Med 60 1976 52
    • (1976) Am J Med , vol.60 , pp. 52
    • McFadden, E.R.1    Kiser, R.2    deGroot, W.J.3
  • 89
    • 0027420993 scopus 로고
    • Intramuscular methylprednisolone acetate for the prevention of relapse in acute asthma
    • R.M. McNamara J.M. Rubin Intramuscular methylprednisolone acetate for the prevention of relapse in acute asthma Ann Emerg Med 22 1993 1829
    • (1993) Ann Emerg Med , vol.22 , pp. 1829
    • McNamara, R.M.1    Rubin, J.M.2
  • 90
    • 0024555832 scopus 로고
    • Intravenous magnesium sulfate in the management of acute respiratory failure complicating asthma
    • R.M. McNamara W.H. Spivey E. Skobeloff Intravenous magnesium sulfate in the management of acute respiratory failure complicating asthma Ann Emerg Med 18 1989 197
    • (1989) Ann Emerg Med , vol.18 , pp. 197
    • McNamara, R.M.1    Spivey, W.H.2    Skobeloff, E.3
  • 91
    • 0020672460 scopus 로고
    • Status asthmaticus: Use of acetylcysteine during bronchoscopy and lavage to remove mucous plugs
    • M. Millman A.H. Goodman I.M. Goldstein Status asthmaticus: Use of acetylcysteine during bronchoscopy and lavage to remove mucous plugs Ann Allergy 50 1983 85
    • (1983) Ann Allergy , vol.50 , pp. 85
    • Millman, M.1    Goodman, A.H.2    Goldstein, I.M.3
  • 92
    • 0021981765 scopus 로고
    • Use of acetylcysteine in bronchial asthma—another look
    • M. Millman F.M. Milman I.M. Goldstein Use of acetylcysteine in bronchial asthma—another look Ann Allergy 54 1985 294
    • (1985) Ann Allergy , vol.54 , pp. 294
    • Millman, M.1    Milman, F.M.2    Goldstein, I.M.3
  • 93
    • 0026673186 scopus 로고
    • Controlled trial of intravenous corticosteroids in severe acute asthma
    • F. Morell R. Orriols de Gracia J. Controlled trial of intravenous corticosteroids in severe acute asthma Thorax 47 1992 588
    • (1992) Thorax , vol.47 , pp. 588
    • Morell, F.1    Orriols, R.2    de Gracia, J.3
  • 94
    • 0027257765 scopus 로고
    • Aminophylline in the treatment of acute asthma when β2-adrenergics and steroids are provided
    • 2-adrenergics and steroids are provided Arch Intern Med 153 1993 1784
    • (1993) Arch Intern Med , vol.153 , pp. 1784
    • Murphy, D.1    McDermott, M.2    Rydman, R.3
  • 95
    • 0028796158 scopus 로고
    • Theophylline does not shorten hospital stay for children admitted for asthma
    • J. Needleman M. Kaifer J. Nold Theophylline does not shorten hospital stay for children admitted for asthma Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 149 1995 206
    • (1995) Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med , vol.149 , pp. 206
    • Needleman, J.1    Kaifer, M.2    Nold, J.3
  • 96
    • 0032417246 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improved bronchodilation with levalbuterol compared with racemic albuterol in patients with asthma
    • H.S. Nelson G. Bensch W.W. Pleskow Improved bronchodilation with levalbuterol compared with racemic albuterol in patients with asthma J Allergy Clin Immunol 102 1998 943
    • (1998) J Allergy Clin Immunol , vol.102 , pp. 943
    • Nelson, H.S.1    Bensch, G.2    Pleskow, W.W.3
  • 97
    • 0027411697 scopus 로고
    • Emergency department management of life-threatening asthma
    • M.T. Newhouse Emergency department management of life-threatening asthma Chest 103 1989 661
    • (1989) Chest , vol.103 , pp. 661
    • Newhouse, M.T.1
  • 98
    • 0025141565 scopus 로고
    • Bronchodilating effect of intravenous magnesium sulfate in acute severe bronchial asthma
    • M. Noppen L. Vanmaele N. Impens Bronchodilating effect of intravenous magnesium sulfate in acute severe bronchial asthma Chest 97 1990 373 377
    • (1990) Chest , vol.97 , pp. 373-377
    • Noppen, M.1    Vanmaele, L.2    Impens, N.3
  • 99
    • 84889276756 scopus 로고
    • Bronchodilating effects of intravenous magnesium sulfate in bronchial asthma
    • H. Okayama T. Aikawa M. Okayama Bronchodilating effects of intravenous magnesium sulfate in bronchial asthma JAMA 257 1987 1076
    • (1987) JAMA , vol.257 , pp. 1076
    • Okayama, H.1    Aikawa, T.2    Okayama, M.3
  • 100
    • 0032886566 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contrasting properties of albuterol stereoisomers
    • C.P. Page J. Morley Contrasting properties of albuterol stereoisomers J Allergy Clin Immunol 104 1999 S31
    • (1999) J Allergy Clin Immunol , vol.104 , pp. S31
    • Page, C.P.1    Morley, J.2
  • 101
    • 0024326584 scopus 로고
    • Comparative efficacy of terbutaline administered by nebuhaler and by nebulizer in young children with acute asthma
    • J. Pendergast J. Hopkins B. Timms Comparative efficacy of terbutaline administered by nebuhaler and by nebulizer in young children with acute asthma Med J Aust 151 1989 406
    • (1989) Med J Aust , vol.151 , pp. 406
    • Pendergast, J.1    Hopkins, J.2    Timms, B.3
  • 102
    • 0029091153 scopus 로고
    • Prospective randomized trial of epinephrine, metaproterenol, and both in prehospital treatment of asthma in the adult patient
    • M. Quadrel R. Lavery M. Jaker Prospective randomized trial of epinephrine, metaproterenol, and both in prehospital treatment of asthma in the adult patient Ann Emerg Med 26 1995 469
    • (1995) Ann Emerg Med , vol.26 , pp. 469
    • Quadrel, M.1    Lavery, R.2    Jaker, M.3
  • 103
    • 0032497502 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of nebulized ipratropium on the hospitalization rates of children with asthma
    • F. Qureshi J. Pestian P. Davis Effect of nebulized ipratropium on the hospitalization rates of children with asthma N Engl J Med 339 1998 1030
    • (1998) N Engl J Med , vol.339 , pp. 1030
    • Qureshi, F.1    Pestian, J.2    Davis, P.3
  • 104
    • 0026546695 scopus 로고
    • β-Adrenergic-receptor–mediated dissociation and membrane release of the Gs protein in S49 lymphoma-cell membranes. Dependence on Mg2+ and GTP
    • L.A. Ransnas J.R. Jasper D. Leiber P.A. Insel β-Adrenergic-receptor–mediated dissociation and membrane release of the Gs protein in S49 lymphoma-cell membranes. Dependence on Mg2+ and GTP Biochem J 283 1992 519
    • (1992) Biochem J , vol.283 , pp. 519
    • Ransnas, L.A.1    Jasper, J.R.2    Leiber, D.3    Insel, P.A.4
  • 105
    • 0023905012 scopus 로고
    • Are intravenous corticosteroids required in status asthmaticus?
    • D. Ratto C. Alfaro J. Sipsey Are intravenous corticosteroids required in status asthmaticus? JAMA 260 1988 527
    • (1988) JAMA , vol.260 , pp. 527
    • Ratto, D.1    Alfaro, C.2    Sipsey, J.3
  • 106
    • 0023795628 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Magnesium metabolism. A review with special reference to the relationship between intracellular content and serum levels
    • R.A. Reinhart Magnesium metabolism. A review with special reference to the relationship between intracellular content and serum levels Arch Intern Med 148 1998 2415
    • (1998) Arch Intern Med , vol.148 , pp. 2415
    • Reinhart, R.A.1
  • 107
    • 0027999455 scopus 로고
    • Early administration of hydrocortisone in the emergency room treatment of acute asthma: a controlled clinical trial
    • C. Rodrigo G. Rodrigo Early administration of hydrocortisone in the emergency room treatment of acute asthma: a controlled clinical trial Respir Med 88 1994 755
    • (1994) Respir Med , vol.88 , pp. 755
    • Rodrigo, C.1    Rodrigo, G.2
  • 108
    • 0028025626 scopus 로고
    • Treatment of acute asthma: Lack of therapeutic benefit and increase of the toxicity from aminophylline given in addition to high doses of salbutamol delivered by metered-dose inhaler with a spacer
    • C. Rodrigo G. Rodrigo Treatment of acute asthma: Lack of therapeutic benefit and increase of the toxicity from aminophylline given in addition to high doses of salbutamol delivered by metered-dose inhaler with a spacer Chest 106 1994 1071
    • (1994) Chest , vol.106 , pp. 1071
    • Rodrigo, C.1    Rodrigo, G.2
  • 109
    • 0031021486 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new index for early prediction of hospitalization in patients with acute asthma
    • G. Rodrigo C. Rodrigo A new index for early prediction of hospitalization in patients with acute asthma Am J Emerg Med 15 1997 8
    • (1997) Am J Emerg Med , vol.15 , pp. 8
    • Rodrigo, G.1    Rodrigo, C.2
  • 110
  • 111
    • 0031887233 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Therapeutic response patterns to high and cumulative doses of salbutamol in acute severe asthma
    • C. Rodrigo G. Rodrigo Therapeutic response patterns to high and cumulative doses of salbutamol in acute severe asthma Chest 113 1998 593
    • (1998) Chest , vol.113 , pp. 593
    • Rodrigo, C.1    Rodrigo, G.2
  • 112
    • 0024255756 scopus 로고
    • Acute effect of intravenous magnesium sulfate on airway obstruction of asthmatic patients
    • G. Rolla C. Bucca E. Caria Acute effect of intravenous magnesium sulfate on airway obstruction of asthmatic patients Ann Allergy 61 1988 388
    • (1988) Ann Allergy , vol.61 , pp. 388
    • Rolla, G.1    Bucca, C.2    Caria, E.3
  • 114
    • 0033538313 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhaled budenoside in addition to oral corticosteroids to prevent asthma relapse following discharge from the emergency department: A randomized controlled trial
    • B.H. Rowe G.W. Bota L. Fabris Inhaled budenoside in addition to oral corticosteroids to prevent asthma relapse following discharge from the emergency department: A randomized controlled trial JAMA 281 1999 2119
    • (1999) JAMA , vol.281 , pp. 2119
    • Rowe, B.H.1    Bota, G.W.2    Fabris, L.3
  • 115
    • 0027362239 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of intermittent and continuously nebulized albuterol for treatment of asthma in an urban emergency department
    • G.S. Rudnitsky R.S. Eberlein J.M. Schoffstall Comparison of intermittent and continuously nebulized albuterol for treatment of asthma in an urban emergency department Ann Emerg Med 22 1993 1842
    • (1993) Ann Emerg Med , vol.22 , pp. 1842
    • Rudnitsky, G.S.1    Eberlein, R.S.2    Schoffstall, J.M.3
  • 116
    • 0026026853 scopus 로고
    • Quantitive structural analysis of peripheral airways and arteries in sudden fatal asthma
    • Saetta M. Di Stefano A. C. Rosina Quantitive structural analysis of peripheral airways and arteries in sudden fatal asthma Am Rev Respir Dis 143 1991 138
    • (1991) Am Rev Respir Dis , vol.143 , pp. 138
    • Saetta, M.1    Di Stefano, A.2    Rosina, C.3
  • 117
    • 0028362975 scopus 로고
    • Nebulized versus intravenous albuterol in hypercapnic acute asthma
    • S. Salmeron L. Brochard A. Tenaillon Nebulized versus intravenous albuterol in hypercapnic acute asthma Am J Respir Crit Care Med 149 1994 1466
    • (1994) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.149 , pp. 1466
    • Salmeron, S.1    Brochard, L.2    Tenaillon, A.3
  • 118
    • 0001174757 scopus 로고
    • On some points in the treatment and clinical history of asthma
    • H. Salter On some points in the treatment and clinical history of asthma Edinburgh Medical Journal 4 1859 1109
    • (1859) Edinburgh Medical Journal , vol.4 , pp. 1109
    • Salter, H.1
  • 119
    • 0024344596 scopus 로고
    • Aerosolized metaproterenol in the treatment of asthmatics with severe airflow obstruction: Comparison of two delivery methods
    • G.A. Salzman M.T. Steele J.P. Pribble Aerosolized metaproterenol in the treatment of asthmatics with severe airflow obstruction: Comparison of two delivery methods Chest 95 1989 1017
    • (1989) Chest , vol.95 , pp. 1017
    • Salzman, G.A.1    Steele, M.T.2    Pribble, J.P.3
  • 120
    • 0023821355 scopus 로고
    • High-dose methylprednisolone as initial therapy in patients with acute bronchospasm
    • S.M. Schneider A. Pipher H.L. Britton High-dose methylprednisolone as initial therapy in patients with acute bronchospasm J Asthma 25 1988 189
    • (1988) J Asthma , vol.25 , pp. 189
    • Schneider, S.M.1    Pipher, A.2    Britton, H.L.3
  • 121
    • 0031953010 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of intramuscular triamcinolone and oral prednisone in the outpatient treatment of acute asthma: A randomized controlled trial
    • H. Schuckman D.P. DeJulius M. Blanda Comparison of intramuscular triamcinolone and oral prednisone in the outpatient treatment of acute asthma: A randomized controlled trial Ann Emerg Med 31 1998 333
    • (1998) Ann Emerg Med , vol.31 , pp. 333
    • Schuckman, H.1    DeJulius, D.P.2    Blanda, M.3
  • 122
    • 0028958908 scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of frequent nebulized ipratropium bromide added to frequent high-dose albuterol therapy in severe childhood asthma
    • S. Schuh D.W. Johnson S. Callahan Efficacy of frequent nebulized ipratropium bromide added to frequent high-dose albuterol therapy in severe childhood asthma J Pediatr 126 1995 639
    • (1995) J Pediatr , vol.126 , pp. 639
    • Schuh, S.1    Johnson, D.W.2    Callahan, S.3
  • 124
    • 0024346447 scopus 로고
    • The use of helium-oxygen mixtures in the support of patients with status asthmaticus and respiratory acidosis
    • S. Shiue E. Gluck The use of helium-oxygen mixtures in the support of patients with status asthmaticus and respiratory acidosis J Asthma 26 1989 177
    • (1989) J Asthma , vol.26 , pp. 177
    • Shiue, S.1    Gluck, E.2
  • 125
    • 0000031084 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Magnesium sulfate as an adjunct to standard therapy in severe asthma [abstract]
    • R. Silverman H. Osborne J. Runge Magnesium sulfate as an adjunct to standard therapy in severe asthma [abstract] Acad Emerg Med 3 1996 467
    • (1996) Acad Emerg Med , vol.3 , pp. 467
    • Silverman, R.1    Osborne, H.2    Runge, J.3
  • 126
    • 0001535087 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Zafirlukast improves emergency department outcomes after an acute asthma episode [abstract]
    • R.A. Silverman Y. Chen C. Bonuccelli Zafirlukast improves emergency department outcomes after an acute asthma episode [abstract] Ann Emerg Med 34 1999 S1
    • (1999) Ann Emerg Med , vol.34 , pp. S1
    • Silverman, R.A.1    Chen, Y.2    Bonuccelli, C.3
  • 127
    • 0000736617 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Zafirlukast reduces relapses and treatment failures after an acute asthma episode [abstract]
    • R.A. Silverman C.J. Miller Y. Chen Zafirlukast reduces relapses and treatment failures after an acute asthma episode [abstract] Chest 116 1999 269S
    • (1999) Chest , vol.116 , pp. 269S
    • Silverman, R.A.1    Miller, C.J.2    Chen, Y.3
  • 128
    • 0024373309 scopus 로고
    • Intravenous magnesium sulfate for the treatment of acute asthma in the emergency department
    • E.M. Skobeloff W.H. Spivey R.M. McNamara Intravenous magnesium sulfate for the treatment of acute asthma in the emergency department JAMA 262 1989 1210
    • (1989) JAMA , vol.262 , pp. 1210
    • Skobeloff, E.M.1    Spivey, W.H.2    McNamara, R.M.3
  • 130
    • 0025132020 scopus 로고
    • Effect of magnesium chloride on rabbit bronchial smooth muscle
    • W.H. Spivey E.M. Skobeloff R.M. Levin Effect of magnesium chloride on rabbit bronchial smooth muscle Ann Emerg Med 19 1990 1107
    • (1990) Ann Emerg Med , vol.19 , pp. 1107
    • Spivey, W.H.1    Skobeloff, E.M.2    Levin, R.M.3
  • 131
    • 0025354856 scopus 로고
    • Early administration of corticosteroids in emergency room treatment of acute asthma
    • L. Stein R. Cole Early administration of corticosteroids in emergency room treatment of acute asthma Ann Intern Med 112 1990 822
    • (1990) Ann Intern Med , vol.112 , pp. 822
    • Stein, L.1    Cole, R.2
  • 132
    • 0017356275 scopus 로고
    • Regulation by magnesium of intracellular calcium movement in skinned muscle fibers
    • E.W. Stephenson R.J. Podelsky Regulation by magnesium of intracellular calcium movement in skinned muscle fibers J Gen Physiol 69 1977 1
    • (1977) J Gen Physiol , vol.69 , pp. 1
    • Stephenson, E.W.1    Podelsky, R.J.2
  • 133
    • 0033024387 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of ipratropium bromide in the emergency management of acute asthma exacerbation: A meta analysis of randomized clinical trials
    • R.G. Stoodley S.D. Adrop R.E. Dales The role of ipratropium bromide in the emergency management of acute asthma exacerbation: A meta analysis of randomized clinical trials Ann Emerg Med 34 1999 8
    • (1999) Ann Emerg Med , vol.34 , pp. 8
    • Stoodley, R.G.1    Adrop, S.D.2    Dales, R.E.3
  • 134
    • 0028036185 scopus 로고
    • Aminophylline therapy does not improve outcome and increases adverse effects in children hospitalized with acute asthmatic exacerbations
    • R. Strauss D.L. Wertheim V. Bonagura Aminophylline therapy does not improve outcome and increases adverse effects in children hospitalized with acute asthmatic exacerbations Pediatrics 93 1994 205
    • (1994) Pediatrics , vol.93 , pp. 205
    • Strauss, R.1    Wertheim, D.L.2    Bonagura, V.3
  • 135
    • 0025120268 scopus 로고
    • High-dose inhaled versus intravenous salbutamol combined with theophylline in severe acute asthma
    • Swedish Society of Chest Medicine High-dose inhaled versus intravenous salbutamol combined with theophylline in severe acute asthma Eur Respir J 3 1990 163
    • (1990) Eur Respir J , vol.3 , pp. 163
    • Swedish Society of Chest Medicine1
  • 136
    • 0026066945 scopus 로고
    • Effect of cysteinyl-leukotriene receptor antagonist ICI 204.219 on allergen-induced bronchoconstriction and airway hyperreactivity in atopic subjects
    • I.K. Taylor K.M. O'Shaughnessy R.W. Fuller Effect of cysteinyl-leukotriene receptor antagonist ICI 204.219 on allergen-induced bronchoconstriction and airway hyperreactivity in atopic subjects Lancet 337 1991 690
    • (1991) Lancet , vol.337 , pp. 690
    • Taylor, I.K.1    O'Shaughnessy, K.M.2    Fuller, R.W.3
  • 137
    • 0031749352 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drug delivery to the small airways
    • P.J. Thompson Drug delivery to the small airways Am J Respir Crit Care Med 157 5 Pt 2 1998 S199
    • (1998) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.157 , Issue.5 Pt 2 , pp. S199
    • Thompson, P.J.1
  • 138
    • 0020571898 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of nebulized terbutaline and subcutaneous epinephrine in the treatment of acute asthma
    • D. Tinkelman G. Vanderpool M.S. Carroll Comparison of nebulized terbutaline and subcutaneous epinephrine in the treatment of acute asthma Ann Allergy 50 1983 398
    • (1983) Ann Allergy , vol.50 , pp. 398
    • Tinkelman, D.1    Vanderpool, G.2    Carroll, M.S.3
  • 139
    • 0023969944 scopus 로고
    • Equivalence of continuous-flow nebulizer and metered-dose inhaler with reservoir bag for treatment of acute airflow obstruction
    • J.R. Turner K.J. Corkery D. Eckman Equivalence of continuous-flow nebulizer and metered-dose inhaler with reservoir bag for treatment of acute airflow obstruction Chest 93 1988 476
    • (1988) Chest , vol.93 , pp. 476
    • Turner, J.R.1    Corkery, K.J.2    Eckman, D.3
  • 140
    • 0021951604 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of nebulized terbutaline and subcutaneous epinephrine in the treatment of acute asthma
    • D. Uden D. Goetz D. Kohen Comparison of nebulized terbutaline and subcutaneous epinephrine in the treatment of acute asthma Ann Emerg Med 14 1985 229
    • (1985) Ann Emerg Med , vol.14 , pp. 229
    • Uden, D.1    Goetz, D.2    Kohen, D.3
  • 141
    • 0019351111 scopus 로고
    • Time course of response to prednisolone in chronic airflow obstruction
    • J. Webb T.J. Clark C. Chilvers Time course of response to prednisolone in chronic airflow obstruction Thorax 36 1981 18
    • (1981) Thorax , vol.36 , pp. 18
    • Webb, J.1    Clark, T.J.2    Chilvers, C.3
  • 142
    • 0019364257 scopus 로고
    • Recovery of plasma corticotropin and cortisol levels after a 3-week course of prednisolone
    • J. Webb T.J. Clark Recovery of plasma corticotropin and cortisol levels after a 3-week course of prednisolone Thorax 36 1981 22
    • (1981) Thorax , vol.36 , pp. 22
    • Webb, J.1    Clark, T.J.2
  • 143
    • 0022621825 scopus 로고
    • Dose response of patients to oral corticosteroid treatment during exacerbations of asthma
    • J.R. Webb Dose response of patients to oral corticosteroid treatment during exacerbations of asthma British Medical Journal of Clinical Research in Education 292 1986 1045
    • (1986) British Medical Journal of Clinical Research in Education , vol.292 , pp. 1045
    • Webb, J.R.1
  • 144
    • 0032933095 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of continuously nebulized ipratropium bromide plus albuterol on emergency department length of stay and hospital admission rates in patients with acute bronchospasm
    • E.J. Weber M.A. Levitt J.K. Covington Effect of continuously nebulized ipratropium bromide plus albuterol on emergency department length of stay and hospital admission rates in patients with acute bronchospasm Chest 115 1999 937
    • (1999) Chest , vol.115 , pp. 937
    • Weber, E.J.1    Levitt, M.A.2    Covington, J.K.3
  • 145
    • 0025807741 scopus 로고
    • Aminophylline therapy for acute bronchospastic disease in the emergency room
    • K. Wrenn C. Slovis F. Murphy Aminophylline therapy for acute bronchospastic disease in the emergency room Ann Intern Med 115 1991 241
    • (1991) Ann Intern Med , vol.115 , pp. 241
    • Wrenn, K.1    Slovis, C.2    Murphy, F.3
  • 146
    • 0023260540 scopus 로고
    • Intravenous methylprednisolone efficacy in status asthmaticus of childhood
    • R.E. Younger P.S. Gerber H.G. Herrod Intravenous methylprednisolone efficacy in status asthmaticus of childhood Pediatrics 80 1987 225
    • (1987) Pediatrics , vol.80 , pp. 225
    • Younger, R.E.1    Gerber, P.S.2    Herrod, H.G.3
  • 147
    • 0025327891 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of bronchodilator responses and deposition patterns of salbutamol inhaled from a pressurized metered dose inhaler, as a dry powder, and as a nebulized solution
    • B.M. Zainudin M. Biddiscombe S.E.J. Tolfree Comparison of bronchodilator responses and deposition patterns of salbutamol inhaled from a pressurized metered dose inhaler, as a dry powder, and as a nebulized solution Thorax 45 1990 469
    • (1990) Thorax , vol.45 , pp. 469
    • Zainudin, B.M.1    Biddiscombe, M.2    Tolfree, S.E.J.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.