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17 Howard R, Rabins P, Seeman MV, Jeste DV, and The International Late-Onset Schizophrenia Group. Late-onset schizophrenia and very-late-onset schizophrenia-like psychosis: an international Consensus. Am J Psychiatry 2000; 157:172-178. This paper reports the conclusions of a consensus meeting on late-onset schizophrenia in July 1998. The ramifications of this consensus are mostly positive in terms of provoking and guiding future research. However, there are not enough hard data at this stage to support the division of late-onset psychosis into two groups: late-onset schizophrenia and very-late-onset schizophrenia-like psychosis.
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25 Sachdev P, Brodaty H. Quantitative study of signal hyperintensities on T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in late-onset schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 1999; 156:1958-1967. This study reported the findings described in [9*] in greater detail.
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28 Suvisaari JM, Haukka J, Tanskanen A, Lonnqvist JK. Age at onset and outcome in schizophrenia are related to the degree of familial loading. Br J Psychiatry 1998; 173:494-500. This interesting paper used a register to show that patients with schizophrenia who have low familial loading for schizophrenia have later age at onset and better clinical outcome than patients with high familial loading (at least three other affected family members). A possible implication of these results is that schizophrenia with late onset is less likely to be familial than schizophrenia with early onset.
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30 Purohit DP, Perl DP, Haroutunian V, et al. Alzheimer disease and related neurodegenerative diseases in elderly patients with schizophrenia: a postmortem neuropathologic study of 100 cases. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1998; 55:205-211. This relatively large sample of 100 consecutive autopsies showed that the cognitive deficits observed in schizophrenia in the elderly (not necessarily with late onset) are not due to a neurodegenerative illness such as Alzheimer's disease.
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31 Arnold SE, Trojanowski JQ, Gur RE, et al. Absence of neurodegeneration and neural injury in the cerebral cortex in a sample of elderly patients with schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1998; 55:225-232. This paper supports and extends the findings described by Purohit et al. [30**] to other forms of dementia, such as dementia with Lewy bodies.
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33 Madhusoodanan S, Brecher M, Brenner R, et al. Risperidone in the treatment of elderly patients with psychotic disorders. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 1999; 7:132-138.
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35 Jeste DV, Lacro JP, Palmer B, et al. Incidence of tardive dyskinesia in early stages of low-dose treatment with typical neuroleptics in older patients. Am J Psychiatry 1999; 156:309-311.
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