Seismic anisotropy of south african upper mantle xenoliths

Earth and Planetary Science Letters

Volumn 179, Issue 3-4, 2000, Pages 551-565

  Long, C ^a   Christensen, N I ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN MADISON   (United States)

Author keywords

Anisotropy; Olivine; Petrofabrics; Upper mantle; Velocity; Xenoliths

Indexed keywords

OLIVINE; SEISMIC ANISOTROPY; SEISMIC VELOCITY; UPPER MANTLE; XENOLITH;

SOUTH AFRICA;

EID: 0033915435     PISSN: 0012821X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0012-821X(00)00135-7     Document Type: Article

References (49)

1. H.H. Hess, Seismic anisotropy of the upper mantle under oceans, Nature 230 (1964) 629-631.
2. A.M. Dziewonski, D.L. Anderson, Travel times and station corrections for P-waves at teleseismic distances, J. Geophys. Res. 88 (1983) 3295-3314.
3. V. Babuska, J. Plomerova, J. Sileni, Large-scale orientated structures in the subcrustal lithosphere of Central Europe, Ann. Geophys. 2 (1984) 649-662.
4. L.P. Vinnik, G.L. Kosarev, L.I. Makeyeva, Anisotropy in the lithosphere from the observations of SKS and SKKS, Proc. Acad. USSR 78 (1984) 1335-1339.
5. L.P. Vinnik, Veronique Farra and Barbara Romanovicz, Azimuthal anisotropy in the earth from observation of SKS at GEOSCOPE and NARS broadband stations, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am. 79 (1989) 1542-1558.
6. P.G. Silver, W.W. Chan, Implications for continental structure and evolution from seismic anisotropy, Nature 335 (1988) 34-39.
7. D.W. Forsyth, The early structure evolution and anisotropy of the oceanic upper mantle, Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc. 33 (1975) 103-162.
8. J.P. Montagner, T. Tanimoto, Global upper mantle tomography of seismic velocities and anisotropy, J. Geophys. Res. 96 (1991) 20337-20351.
9. N.I. Christensen, M.H. Salisbury, Seismic anisotropy in the oceanic upper mantle: evidence from the Bay of Islands ophiolite complex, J. Geophys. Res. 84 (1979) 4601-4610.
10. N.I. Christensen, The magnitude, symmetry and origin of upper mantle anisotropy based on fabric analyses of ultramafic tectonites, Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc. 76 (1984) 89-111.
11. D. Mainprice, P.G. Silver, Interpretation of SKS-waves using samples from the sub continental lithosphere, Phys. Earth Planet. Int. 78 (1993) 257-280.
12. S. Ji, X. Zhao, D. Francis, Calibration of shear-wave splitting in the subcontinental upper mantle beneath active orogenic belts using ultramafic xenoliths from the Canadian Cordillera and Alaska, Tectonophysics 239 (1994) 1-27.
13. W.B. Ismail, D. Mainprice, An olivine fabric database: an overview of upper mantle fabric and seismic anisotropy, Tectonophysics 296 (1998) 145-157.
14. S. McGeary, M.R. Warner, Seismic profiling the continental lithosphere, Nature 317 (1985) 795-797.
15. J.B. Dawson, Kimberlites and their xenoliths, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1980, 258 pp.
16. L.P. Vinnk, R.W.E. Green, L.O. Nicolaysen, Recent deformations of the deep continental root beneath southern Africa, Nature 375 (1995) 50-52.
17. M. Zhao, C.A. Langsten, A.A. Nyblade, Upper mantle velocity structure beneath southern Africa from modeling regional seismic data, J. Geophys. Res. 104 (1999) 4783-4794.
18. J.B. Hawthorne, Kimberlite sills, Trans. Geol. Soc. S. Afr. 71 (1968) 291-311.
19. J.B. Dawson, J.B. Hawthorne, Magmatic sedimentation and carbonititic differentiation in kimberlite sills at Benfontein, South Africa, J. Geol. Soc. Lond. 129 (1973) 61-85.
20. G.L. Davis, The ages and uranium contents of zircons from kimberlites and associated rocks, Ext. Abst., 2nd Int. Conf. Kimberlite, Santa Fe, 1977.
21. A.J. Erlank, N. Schimizu, Strontium and strontium isotope distributions in some kimberlite nodules and minerals, Ext. Abst., 2nd Int. Conf. Kimb., Santa Fe, 1977.
22. E. Dingle, Mesozoic palaeogeography of the southern Cape, South Africa, Palaeogeogr. Paleaoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 13 (1973) 203-213.
23. J.C.C. Mercier, A. Nicolas, Textures and fabrics of upper-mantle peridotites as illustrated by xenoliths from basalts, J. Petrol. 16 (1975) 454-487.
24. A.A. Finnerty, F.R. Boyd, Evaluation of thermobarometers for garnet peridotite, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 48 (1984) 15-27.
25. 3 in enstatite for spinel and garnet peridotite compositions, Am. Mineral. 59 (1974) 110-119.
26. F. Birch, The velocity of compressional waves in rocks to 10 kilobars, 1, J. Geophys. Res. 65 (1960) 1083-1102.
27. N.I. Christensen, Compressional wave velocities in metamorphic rocks at pressures to 10 kilobars, J. Geophys. Res. 70 (1965) 6147-6164.
28. R.S. Crosson, J.W. Lin, Voigt and Reuss prediction of anisotropic elasticity of Dunite, J. Geophys. Res. 76 (1971) 570-578.
29. B. Soedjatmiko, N.I. Christensen, Seismic anisotropy under extended crust: evidence from upper mantle xenolith, Cima Volcanic Field, California, Tectonophycics, in press.
30. D.E. Kumazawa, O.L. Anderson, Elastic moduli, pressure derivatives, and temperature derivatives of single-crystal olivine and single-crystal fosterite, J. Geophys. Res. 74 (1969) 5961-5972.
31. A.L. Frisillo, G.R. Barsch, Measurement of single crystal elastic constants of bronzite as a function of pressure and temperature, J. Geophys. Res. 77 (1972) 6360-6384.
32. L.J. Bonczar, E.K. Graham, H. Wang, The pressure and temperature dependence of the elastic constants of pyrope garnet, J. Geophys. Res. 82 (1977) 2529-2534.
33. C. Wang, Pressure coefficient of sound velocity for several rocks (Abstract), EOS Trans. AGU 54 (1973) 473.
34. N.I. Christensen, Compressional wave velocities in possible mantle rocks to pressures of 30 kilobars, J. Geophys. Res. 79 (1974) 407-412.
35. L. Levien, D.J. Weidner, C.T. Prewitt, Elasticity of dioside, Phys. Chem. Miner. 4 (1979) 105-113.
36. K.S. Aleksandrov, T.V. Ryzhova, The elastic properties of rock forming minerals II: Layered silicates, Phys. Solid Earth (1961) 1165-1168.
37. H. Kern, L. Burlini, I.V. Ashchepkov, Fabric-related seis-mie anisotropy in upper-mantle xenoliths: Evidence from measurements and calculations, Phys. Earth Planet. Int. 95 (1996) 195-209.
38. Francis Birch, Elasticity of igneous rocks at high temperatures and pressures, Bull. Geol. Soc. Am. 54 (1943) 263-286.
39. N.I. Christensen, Elasticity of ultrabasic rocks, J. Geophys. Res. 71 (1966) 5921-5931.
40. N.I. Christensen, G. Shaw, Elasticity of mafic rocks from the mid-Atlantic ridge, Geophys J. R. Astron. Soc. 20 (1970) 271-284.
41. Shaocheng Ji, Zichao Zhang, Elastic properties of forsterite-enstatite composites up to 3.0 GPa, J. Geodyn. 28 (1999) 147-174.
42. L. Peselnick, J.P. Lockwood, R. Stewart, Anisotropic elastic velocities of some upper mantle xenoliths under-lying the Sierra Nevada batholith, J. Geophys. Res. 82 (1977) 2005-2010.
43. D.E. Kumazawa, T. Masaki, Elastic properties of eclogite xenoliths, J. Geophys. Res. 76 (1971) 1231-1243.
44. V. Babuska, Elastic properties of ultrabasic xenoliths at pressures of up to 10 kb, Phys. Solid Earth 13 (1976) 366-372.
45. S.Y. O’Reilly, I. Jackson, C. Bezant, Equilibrium temperature and elastic wave velocities for upper mantle rocks from eastern Australia: Implications for interpretation of seismological models, Tectonophysics 185 (1990) 67-82.
46. P.G. Silver, W.W. Chan, Shear wave splitting and subcontinental mantle deformation, J. Geophys. Res. 96 (1991) 16429-16454.
47. G. Ekstrom, A.M. Dziewonski, The unique anisotropy of the Pacific upper mantle, Nature 394 (1998) 168-172.
48. G.W. Postam, Wave propagation in a stratified medium, Geophysics 20 (1955) 780-806.
49. P.J. Melia, R.L. Carlson, An experimental test of P-wave anisotropy in stratified media, Geophysics 49 (1984) 374-378.