The dopamine D4 receptor: A controversial therapeutic target

Drugs of the Future

Volumn 25, Issue 6, 2000, Pages 587-611

  Hrib, Nicholas J ^a  

^a SANOFI   (France)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

1 (1,4 BENZODIOXAN 6 YL) 4 (2 INDAMETHYL)PIPERAZINE; 1 (1,4 BENZODIOXAN 6 YL) 4 (2 INDANYLMETHYL)PIPERAZINE; 2 AMINO 4 (4 FLUOROPHENYL) 5 [1 [4 (4 FLUOROPHENYL) 4 OXOBUTYL] 3 PYRROLIDINYL]THIAZOLE; 2 CARBAMOYL 4 (4 FLUOROPHENYL) 5 [2 [4 (3 FLUOROBENZYLIDENE)PIPERIDIN 1 YL]ETHYL]THIAZOLE; 2 PHENYL 4 [4 (2 PYRIMIDINYL) 1 PIPERAZINYLMETHYL]IMIDAZOLE; 3 [[4 (4 CHLOROPHENYL) 1 PIPERAZINYL]METHYL] 1H PYRROLO[2,3 B]PYRIDINE; 3 [[4 (4 IODOPHENYL)PIPERAZIN 1 YL]METHYL] 1H PYRROLO[2,3 B]PYRIDINE; 7 (4 FLUOROPHENOXYMETHYL) 2 (5 FLUORO 2 PYRIMIDINYL) 2,3,4,6,7,8,9,9A OCTAHYDROPYRIDO[1,2 A]PYRAZINE; BELAPERIDONE; CL 1030; DOPAMINE 4 RECEPTOR; DOPAMINE 4 RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; DOPAMINE RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; EMONAPRIDE; FANANSERIN; HALOPERIDOL; L 741742; N (1 BENZYL 3 PYRROLIDINYL) 5 CHLORO 4 CYCLOPROPYLCARBOXAMIDO 2 METHOXYBENZAMIDE; PD 172938; PNU 101383; PNU 101958; RBI 257; RO 105824; RO 61 6270; RO 62 4599; SONEPIPRAZOLE; U 99363 E; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; YM 50001;

DNA POLYMORPHISM; DRUG RECEPTOR BINDING; DRUG STRUCTURE; DRUG TARGETING; HUMAN; NONHUMAN; RECEPTOR DENSITY; RECEPTOR INTRINSIC ACTIVITY; REVIEW; SCHIZOPHRENIA; TISSUE DISTRIBUTION;

EID: 0033915001     PISSN: 03778282     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1358/dof.2000.025.06.858686     Document Type: Review

References (219)

1. 4 receptor with high affinity for the antipsychotic clozapine. Nature 1991, 350: 610-4.
2. 4 receptors elevated in schizophrenia. Nature 1993, 365: 441-5.
3. 2 receptor selectivity of dopamine receptor antagonists: Possible therapeutic implications. Eur J Pharmacol 1993, 236: 483-6.
4. 4 receptors and their antagonists. Med Res Rev 1996, 16: 507-26.
5. 4 receptors: Significance for molecular psychiatry at the millenium. Mol Psychiatry 1999, 4: 529-38.
6. 4 receptors: Current basic and clinical status. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 1999, 2: 41-58.
7. Missale, C., Nash, S.R., Robinson, S.W., Jaber, M., Caron, M.G. Dopamine receptors: From structure to function. Physiol Rev 1998, 78: 189-225.
8. Hartman, D.S., Lanau, F. Diversity of dopamine receptors: New molecular and pharmacological developments. Pol J Pharmacol 1997, 49: 191-9.
9. 4. Neuropsychopharmacology 1992, 7: 261-84.
10. Kane, J.M. Schizophrenia. N Engl J Med 1996, 334: 34-41.
11. Buchanan, R.W. Clozapine: Efficacy and safety. Schizophr Bull 1995, 21: 579-91.
12. 4 receptor expressed in HEK293 cells. Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol 1994, 16: 303-7.
13. 4 receptor? Life Sci 1995, 57: PL275-83.
14. 4 dopamine receptor binding affinity does not distinguish between typical and atypical antipsychotic drugs. Psychopharmacology 1995, 120: 365-8.
15. Seeman, P., Corbett, R., Nam, D., Van Tol, H.H. Dopamine and serotonin receptors: Amino acid sequences, and clinical role in neuroleptic parkinsonism. Jpn J Pharmacol 1996, 71: 187-204.
16. 4 receptor. J Neurochem 1997, 68: 804-12.
17. 4 receptors. Eur J Pharmacol 1997, 319: 379-83.
18. 4 dopamine receptor (DRD4) maps to distal 11p close to HRAS. Genomics 1992, 13: 208-10.
19. 4 dopamine receptor gene maps on 11p proximal to HRAS. Genornics 1993, 18: 161-3.
20. 4 receptors in schizophrenia and antipsychotic action. J Psychiatr Res 1997, 31: 219-32.
21. 4 receptor variants in the human population. Nature 1992, 358: 149-52.
22. 4 (DRD4) gene. Hum Mol Gen 1993, 2: 767-73.
23. 4 receptor variants. J Neurochem 1995, 65: 1157-65.
24. 4 receptor. Adv Pharmacol 1998, 42: 486-90.
25. 4 receptor. Biochemistry 1998, 37: 15726-36.
26. Li, T., Liu, X., Sham, P.C. et al. Association analysis between dopamine receptor genes and bipolar affective disorder. Psychiatry Res 1999, 86: 193-201.
27. 4 receptor locus. Hum Genet 1996, 98: 91-101.
28. 4 dopamine receptor gene (DRD4). Hum Hered 1994, 44: 58-60.
29. 4 dopamine receptor (DRD4) gene. Hum Genet 1994, 93: 719.
30. 4 receptor gene in psychotic patients. Biol Psychiatry 1993, 34: 459-64.
31. 4 receptor gene: Frequent occurrence of a null allele and observation of homozygosity. Hum Mol Gen 1994, 3: 2207-12.
32. 4 receptor variant, D4GLYCINE194, in Africans, but not in Caucasians: No association with schizophrenia. Am J Med Gen 1994, 54: 384-90.
33. 4 receptor gene. Psychiatr Gen 1995, 5: 97-103.
34. Paterson, A.D., Ying, D.J., Petronis, A. et al. A Pstl restriction fragment length polymorphism in the 5' untranslated region of DRD4 is not associated with schizophrenia. Psychiatr Gen 1996, 6: 191-3.
35. Okuyama, Y., Ishiguro, H., Toru, M., Arinami, T. A genetic polymorphism in the promoter region of DRD4 associated with expression and schizophrenia. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1999, 258: 292-5.
36. 4 receptor: Sequence, gene structure, and demonstration of expression in the cardiovascular system. New Biol 1992, 4: 137-46.
37. 4 receptors in GABAergic neurons of the primate brain. Nature 1996, 381: 245-8.
38. 4 receptor in the heart. J Auton Pharmacol 1998, 18: 115-21.
39. 4 receptor. Brain Res Mol Brain Res 1995, 29: 157-62.
40. 2-family receptor distribution in human postmortem tissue: An autoradiographic study. Neuroreport 1995, 6: 2505-12.
41. 4 dopamine receptor in rat brain. Neurochem Res 1997, 22: 401-7.
42. 2A receptors in primate cerebral cortex. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1999, 255: 367-70.
43. 11C]SDZ GLC 756. Synapse 1998, 30: 341-50.
44. 4 dopamine receptors in postmortem striatum from patients with schizophrenia. J Neurosci 1995, 15: 2186-91.
45. 3H]raclopride binding in postmortem caudate nucleus of subjects with schizophrenia or major depression. Brain Res 1995, 681: 109-16.
46. 4 receptors increased in schizophrenia? J Neurochem 1994, 63: 1576-7.
47. 3H]nemonapride. J Neurochem 1995, 64: 1413-5.
48. 4 receptors in drug-treated schizophrenia. Eur J Pharmacol 1995, 281: R5-6.
49. 3H]benzoquinoline. Synapse 1997, 25: 137-46.
50. Harrison, P.J. Neurochemical alterations in schizophrenia affecting the putative receptor targets of atypical antipsychotics. Br J Psychiatry 1999, 174 (Suppl. 38): 12-22.
51. 3H]NGD 94-1. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1997, 282: 1020-7.
52. 4 receptor. Mol Pharmacol 1996, 50: 1658-64.
53. 4 receptors expressed in CHO cells. Life Sci 1997, 60: 91-100.
54. 4-selective pharmacology. Mol Pharmacol 2000, 57: 144-52.
55. 4 receptor. Eur J Pharmacol 1997, 322: 283-6.
56. 4 receptor-selective radioligands. Eur J Pharmacol 1999, 367: 139-42.
57. 1 receptor-like sites in human cerebellum and neuroblastoma cells. Eur J Pharmacol 1999, 370: 205-9.
58. 4.4 receptor. Br J Pharmacol 1998, 124: 889-96.
59. 4 receptor mediated inhibition of potassium current in neurohypophysial nerve terminals. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1998, 284: 542-8.
60. 4 receptor-selective ligand. Eur J Pharmacol 1997, 331: 333-6.
61. 3H]NGD-94-1 study. Mol Psychiatry 1998, 3: 528-33.
62. 4 dopamine receptors in HEK293 cells. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 1995, 15: 267-81.
63. 4 dopamine receptors couple to G protein-regulated potassium channels in Xenopus oocytes. Mot Pharmacol 1996, 49: 656-61.
64. 4.4 receptors: Actions of antiparkinsonian and antipsychotic agents. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1997, 282: 181-91.
65. + channel modulation in rodent neurohypophysial nerve terminals by a receptors and not by dopamine receptors. J Physiol 1999, 517 (Pt 2): 391-406.
66. 2 receptors. Mol Pharmacol 1994, 45: 51-60.
67. 4.4 receptors expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Br J Pharmacol 1999, 127: 1135-44.
68. 4 receptors. J Med Chem 1997, 40: 1-3.
69. 4 antagonist. In: Catecholamines - Bridging Basic Science with Clinical Medicine. Goldstein, D.S., Eisenhofer, G., McCarty, R. (Eds.). Academic Press: New York 1997, 490-2.
70. 4 receptor antagonist, does not exhibit a neuroleptic-like profile in rodent behavioral tests. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1997, 283: 1256-63.
71. 4 receptors, in the rewarding effect of brain stimulation in the rat. Brain Res 1997, 760: 74-9.
72. 4 receptor and anxiety: Behavioural profiles of clozapine, L-745,870 and L-741,742 in the mouse plus-maze. Eur J Pharmacol 1997, 335: 117-25.
73. 4 receptor antagonist L-745,870: Effects in rats discriminating cocaine from saline. Eur J Pharmacol 1998, 345: 129-32.
74. 4 receptor in the induction of behavioral sensitization to amphetamine and accompanying biochemical and molecular adaptations. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1998, 286: 497-508.
75. Goudie, A.J., Smith, J.A., Taylor, A., Taylor, M.A., Tricklebank, M.D. Discriminative stimulus properties of the atypical neuroleptic clozapine in rats: Tests with subtype selective receptor ligands. Behav Pharmacol 1998, 9: 699-710.
76. Steinpreis, R. The behavioral and neurochemical effects of phencyclidine in humans and animals: Some implications for modeling psychosis. Behav Brain Res 1996, 74: 45-55.
77. Sams-Dodd, F. Effects of dopamine agonists and antagonists on PCP-induced stereotyped behaviour and social isolation in the rat social interaction test. Psychopharmacology 1998, 135: 182-93.
78. 4 receptor antagonists reverse apomorphine-induced blockade of prepulse inhibition. Psychopharmacology 1998, 135: 194-200.
79. 4, receptor subtype is essential for the disruption of prepulse inhibition produced by amphetamine in mice. J Neurosci 1999, 19: 4627-33.
80. 4 receptor antagonist reversal of subchronic phencyclidine-induced object retrieval/ detour deficits in monkeys. Psychopharmacology 1999, 142: 78-84.
81. Sibley, D.R. New insights into dopamine receptor function using antisense and genetically altered animals. Ann Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 1999, 39: 313-41.
82. 4 receptors are supersensitive to ethanol, cocaine, and methamphetamine. Cell 1997, 90: 991-1001.
83. 4 receptor-knock-out mice exhibit reduced exploration of novel stimuli. J Neurosci 1999, 19: 9550-6.
84. 4 receptor antagonist. IBC 1st Int Symp Schizophr (May 8-9, Philadelphia) 1995.
85. 4 receptor. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1997, 282: 1011-9.
86. 4 receptor. J Med Chem 1996, 39: 1941-2.
87. 4 receptor. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1997, 283: 636-47.
88. 4 dopamine receptor antagonist (L-745,870) in acutely psychotic inpatients with schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1997, 54: 567-72.
89. 4 receptor antagonist. Trends Pharmacol Sci 1997, 18: 186-8.
90. 4.4 receptors expressed in HEK293 cells. Eur J Pharmacol 1999, 372: R9-10.
91. + channels (GIRK1) in a Xenopus oocyte expression system: Selective antagonism by L-741,626 and L-745,870 respectively. Neuropharmacology 1998, 37: 983-7.
92. 4 receptor. Eur J Pharmacol 1996, 314: 229-33.
93. 2 receptor antagonist. Br J Pharmacol 1992, 105: 27-36.
94. 2A antagonist fananserin in the treatment of schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 1999, 156: 419-25.
95. 4 antagonist. J Med Chem 1996, 39: 2435-7.
96. 4 receptor selective antagonist. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1996, 279: 1392-403.
97. 4 antagonist PNU-101387G: In vivo effects on mesocortical, mesolimbic, and nigrostriatal dopamine and serotonin release. J Neural Transm 1998, 105: 749-67.
98. 2 receptor antagonist and potential new antipsychotic. 213th ACS Meet (April 13-17. San Francisco) 1997, MEDI 186.
99. Sosunov, E.A., Gainullin, R.Z., Danilo, P., Anyukhovsky, E.P., Kirchengast, M., Rosen, M.R. Electrophysiological effects of LU111995 on canine hearts: In vivo and in vitro studies J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1999, 290: 146-52.
100. Nicolini, H., Sidenberg, D., Camarena, B. et al. Dopaminergic system genes in Mexican schizophrenics. Rev Invest Clin 1993, 45: 345-52.
101. 4 receptor gene shows no evidence of association with schizophrenia. Am J Med Genet 1994, 54: 256-8.
102. 4 dopamine receptor gene variant in an Italian schizophrenia kindred. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1994, 51: 288-93.
103. Jonsson, E., Brene, S., Geijer, T. et al. A search lor association between schizophrenia and dopamine-related alleles. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 1996, 246: 297-304.
104. 4) receptors in schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry 1996, 40: 1209-17.
105. 4 receptors in schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res 1994, 51: 215-30.
106. 4 receptor gene and schizophrenia. Am J Med Genet 1995, 60: 580-2.
107. 4 receptor gene and schizophrenia. Am J Med Genet 1995, 60: 452-5.
108. Weiss, J., Magert, H.J., Cieslak, A., Forssmann, W.G. Association between different psychotic disorders and the DRD4 polymorphism, but no differences in the main ligand binding region of the DRD4 receptor protein compared to controls. Eur J Med Res 1996, 1: 439-45.
109. 4 receptor gene (DRD4) in schizophrenic patients. Am J Med Genet 1995, 60: 541-5.
110. 4 receptor gene polymorphisms: Relation to ethnicity, no association with schizophrenia and response to clozapine in Israeli subjects. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 1997, 7: 39-43.
111. 4 receptor and response to antipsychotic drugs. Psychopharmacology 1999, 141: 6-10.
112. 4 gene is not associated with major psychoses. Am J Med Genet 1999, 88: 486-91.
113. 4 and psychopathology. Schizophr Bull 1999, 25: 609-18.
114. 4 dopamine receptor gene in Chinese familial schizophrenic patients. Biol Psychiatry 1998, 43: 432-5.
115. 4 receptor gene. Neuropsychopharmacology 1996, 15: 491-6.
116. 4 receptor in Japanese schizophrenics. Psychiatr Genet 1997, 7: 137-9.
117. 4 dopamine receptor-mediated phospholipid methylation and its implications for mental illnesses such as schizophrenia. Mol Psychiatry 1999, 4: 235-46.
118. Reitz, S.J. Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Focus on pharmacologic management. J Pedriatr Health Care 1997, 11: 78-83.
119. Wilens, T., Biederman, J., Spencer, T.J., Prince, J. Pharmacotherapy of adult attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A review. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1995, 15: 270-9.
120. 4 receptor gene polymorphism is associated with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Mol Psychiatry 1996, 1: 121-4.
121. 4 (DRD4) gene with a refined phenotype of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): A family-based approach. Mol Psychiatry 1998, 3: 38-41.
122. 4 receptor is a susceptibility gene in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Mol Psychiatry 1998, 3: 427-30.
123. Rowe, D.C., Stever, C., Giedinghagen, L.N. et al. Dopamine DRD4 receptor polymorphism and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Mol Psychiatry 1998, 3: 419-26.
124. Castellanos, F.X., Lau, E., Tayebi, N. et al. Lack of an association between a dopamine-4 receptor polymorphism and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Genetic and brain morphometric analyses. Mol Psychiatry 1998, 3: 431-4.
125. 4 gene 7-repeat allele and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Am J Psychiatry 1999, 156: 768-70.
126. Comings, D.E., Gonzalez, N., Wu, S. et al. Studies of the 48 bp repeat polymorphism of the DRD4 gene in impulsive, compulsive, addictive behaviors: Tourette syndrome, ADHD, pathological gambling, and substance abuse. Am J Med Genet 1999, 88: 358-68.
127. McDougle, C.J., Goodman, W.K., Lackman, J.F., Lee, N.C., Heninger, G.R., Price, L.H. Haloperidol addition in fluvoxamine-refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder. A double-blind, placebo-controlled study in patients with and without tics. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1994, 51: 302-8.
128. Zohar, A.H., Pauls, D.L., Ratzoni, G. et al. Obsessive-compulsive disorder with and without tics in an epidemiology sample ol adolescents. Am J Psychiatry 1997, 154: 274-6.
129. 4 receptor gene in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder with tics. Neurosci Lett 1997, 231: 1-4.
130. Billett, E.A., Richter, M.A., Sam, F. et al. Investigation of dopamine system genes in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Psychiatr Genet 1998, 8: 163-9.
131. 4 receptor gene in Italian patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder, bipolar mood disorder and schizophrenia. Psychiatr Genet 1996, 6: 119-21.
132. 4 receptor gene polymorphisms. Am J Med Genet 1995, 54: 361-4.
133. Higuchi, S., Muramatsu, T., Arai, H., Hayashida, M., Sasaki, H., Trojanowski, J.Q. Polymorphisms of dopamine receptor and transporter genes and Parkinson's disease. J Neural Transm Park Dis Dement Sect 1995, 10: 107-13.
134. 4 receptor exon 3-repeat polymorphism with Parkinson's disease. Clin Genet 1998, 54: 33-8.
135. 4 receptor gene polymorphisms with Parkinson's disease in a Chinese population. Mov Disord 1999, 14: 225-9.
136. 4 receptor polymorphism and idiopathic Parkinson's disease. Eur J Hum Genet 1999, 7: 397-400.
137. 4 receptor variants and bipolar affective disorder. Am J Med Genet 1994, 54: 259-63.
138. Lim, L.C., Gurling, H., Curtis, D., Brynjolfsson, J., Petursson, H., Gill, M. Linkage between tyrosine hydroxylase gene and affective disorder cannot be excluded in two of six pedigrees. Am J Med Genet 1993, 48: 223-8.
139. 4 dopamine receptor genes on chromosome 11. Am J Psychiatry 1994, 151: 102-6.
140. Kawada, Y., Hattori, M., Fukuda, R., Arai, H., Inoue, R., Nanko, S. No evidence of linkage or association between tyrosine hydroxylase gene and affective disorder. J Affect Disord 1995, 34: 89-94.
141. Bocchetta, A., Piccardi, M.P., Palmas, M.A., Chillotti, C., Oi, A., Del Zompo, M. Family-based association study between bipolar disorder and DRD2, DRD4, DAT, and SERT in Sardinia. Am J Med Genet 1999, 88: 522-6.
142. 4 receptor and transporter gene polymorphisms and mood disorders. J Affect Disord 1996, 40: 7-13.
143. Frisch, A., Postilnick, D., Rockah, R. et al. Association of unipolar major depressive disorder with genes of the serotonergic and dopaminergic pathways. Mol Psychiatry 1999, 4: 389-92.
144. 4 gene is associated with delusional symptomatology in mood disorders. Psychiatry Res 1998, 80: 129-36.
145. 4 exon 3 genes in symptomatology of major psychoses. Am J Med Genet 1999, 88: 44-9.
146. 4 and the serotonin transporter genes. Psychiatry Res 1998, 80: 137-44.
147. 4 receptor locus and Tourette syndrome, by the transmission-disequilibrium test. Am J Hum Genet 1996, 59: 644-52.
148. 4 receptor gene in the susceptibility to Gilles de la Tourette syndrome in five Canadian families. Am J Med Genet 1996, 67: 301-5.
149. Adamson, M.D., Kennedy, J., Petronis, A. et al. DRD4 dopamine receptor genotype and CSF monoamine metabolites in Finnish alcoholics and controls. Am J Med Genet 1995, 60: 199-205.
150. 4 receptor allelic distribution in Scandinavian chronic alcoholics. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 1997, 21: 35-9.
151. 4 receptor gene. J Med Genet 1996, 33: 113-5.
152. Dobashi, I., Inada, T., Hadano, K. Alcoholism and gene polymorphisms related to central dopaminergic transmission in the Japanese population. Psychiatr Genet 1997, 7: 87-91.
153. 4 receptor exon III alleles and variation of novelty seeking in alcoholics. Am J Med Genet 1997, 74: 483-7.
154. Parsian, A., Zhang, Z.H. Human chromosomes 11p15 and 4p12 and alcohol dependence: Possible association with the GABRB1 gene. Am J Med Genet 1999, 88: 533-8.
155. 4 receptor (D4DR) exon III seven-repeat allele in opioid-dependent subjects. Mol Psychiatry 1997, 2: 251-4.
156. 4 gene exon III VNTR and heroin abuse in Chinese subjects. Mol Psychiatry 1997, 2: 413-6.
157. 4 receptor (D4DR) exon III polymorphism associated with the human personality trait of novelty seeking. Nat Genet 1996, 12: 78-80.
158. 4 dopamine receptor gene and measures of novelty seeking. Nat Genet 1996, 12: 81-4.
159. 4 receptor (D4DR) 16 amino acid repeat polymorphism and novelty seeking. Mol Psychiatry 1996, 1: 388-91.
160. 4 receptor (D4DR) exon III seven repeat alleles in Baltimore longitudinal study of aging participants. Mol Psychiatry 1997, 2: 417-9.
161. 4 receptor gene polymorphisms. Am J Psychiatry 1997, 154: 697-99.
162. 4 receptor gene and personality traits. Psychol Med 1998, 28: 985-9.
163. 3 receptor (D3DR) polymorphisms. Am J Med Genet 1997, 74: 65-72.
164. 2c (HTR2c) and temperament factors: Replication tests. Am J Med Genet 1999, 88: 168-72.
165. 4 receptor (D4DR) exon III polymorphism and novelty seeking in
166. 4 (DRD4) exon III polymorphism in Japanese subjects. Am J Med Genet 1999, 88: 469-71.
167. 4 receptor (D4DR) exon III repeat polymorphism and the human personality trait of novelty seeking. Mol Psychiatry 1997, 2: 472-7.
168. 4 receptor (DRD4) exon III polymorphism and measures of novelty seeking in a German population. Mol Psychiatry 1999, 4: 378-84.
169. 4 dopamine-receptor (DRD4) alleles and novelty seeking in substance-dependent, personality-disorder, and control subjects. Am J Hum Genet 1997, 61: 1144-52.
170. 4 receptor gene. Pharmacogenetics 1997, 7: 345-8.
171. 4 receptor and tyrosine hydroxylase genes. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1997, 96: 295-300.
172. Sullivan, P.F., Fifield, W.J., Kennedy, M.A., Mulder, R.T., Sellman, J.D., Joyce, P.R. No association between novelty seeking and the type 4 dopamine receptor gene (DRD4) in two New Zealand samples. Am J Psychiatry 1998, 155: 98-101.
173. 4 receptor polymorphisms: A twin and genetic association study. Am J Med Genet 1998, 81: 44-8.
174. 3 receptor gene in bipolar patients: A preliminary report. Am J Med Genet 1998, 81: 192-4.
175. Ekelund, J., Lichtermann, D., Jarvelin, M.R., Peltonen, L. Association between novelty seeking and the type 4 dopamine receptor gene in a large Finnish cohort sample. Am J Psychiatry 1999, 156: 1453-5.
176. 4 receptor gene: Novelty or nonsense? Neuropsychopharmacology 1999, 21: 3-16.
177. 4 receptor and serotonin transporter promoter in the determination of neonatal temperament. Mol Psychiatry 1998, 3: 238-46.
178. 4 receptor (D4DR) and serotonin transporter promoter (5-HTTLPR) polymorphisms in the determination of temperament in 2-month-old infants. Mol Psychiatry 1999, 4: 369-73.
179. 4 receptors and the risk of cigarette smoking in African-Americans and Caucasians. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 1998, 7: 453-8.
180. Miller, W.B., Pasta, D.J., MacMurray, J., Chiu, C., Wu, H., Comings, D.E. Dopamine receptor genes are associated with age at first sexual intercourse. J Biosoc Sci 1999, 31: 43-54.
181. Del Zompo, M., Cherchi, A., Palmas, M.A. et al. Association between dopamine receptor genes and migraine without aura in a Sardinian sample. Neurology 1998, 51: 781-6.
182. 4 locus. Psychiatr Genet 1999, 9: 97-100.
183. Thurkauf, A., Yuan, J., Chen, X. et al. 1-Phenyl-3-(aminomethyl)pyrroles as potential antipsychotic agents. Synthesis and dopamine receptor binding. J Med Chem 1995, 38: 4950-2.
184. 4 receptor antagonists: Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of (S)-(+)-N-(1-benzyl-3-pyrrolidinyl)-5-chloro-4-[(cyclopropylcarbonyl) amino]-2-methoxybenzamide (YM-43611) and related compounds. J Med Chem 1996, 39: 2764-72.
185. 2-like receptor antagonist, on immediate early gene expression in the rat forebrain. Neuropsychopharmacology 1997, 17: 27-33.
186. 4 receptor antagonist. Neuroreport 1996, 7: 2543-6.
187. 4 antagonists. J Med Chem 1996, 39: 1946-8.
188. 4 receptors. J Med Chem 1996, 39: 1943-5.
189. 4 receptor. J Med Chem 1997, 40: 2374-85.
190. 4 receptors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1997, 7: 1327-30.
191. 4 ligand. J Med Chem 1998, 41: 4903-9.
192. 4 receptor ligand. J Med Chem 2000, 43: 4903-9.
193. 4 receptor. Eur J Pharmacol 1997, 322: 283-6.
194. 4 agonists. J Med Chem 1997, 40: 1771-2.
195. 4 receptor antagonists: Potential antipsychotic agents. J Med Chem 1997, 40: 4026-9.
196. 4 receptor antagonists as potential antipsychotic agents. J Med Chem 1997, 40: 2688-93.
197. 4 receptor antagonists: 1-Aryloxy-3-(4-aryloxypiperidinyl)-2-propanols. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1997, 7: 1377-80.
198. 2A receptor and alpha-1 adrenoceptor antagonist (R)-(+)-2-amino-4-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-[1-[4-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-oxobutyl] pyrrolidin-3-yl]thiazole (NRA0045). J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1997, 282: 56-63.
199. 2A receptor antagonist, in rats. Br J Pharmacol 1997, 121: 515-25.
200. 4 receptor antagonist CP-293,019. 213th ACS Meet (April 13-17, San Francisco) 1997, MEDI 161.
201. 4 receptor antagonist. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1998, 8: 725-30.
202. 4 dopamine receptors. Bioor Med Chem 1998, 6: 1-8.
203. 4 receptors: Discovery and profiling of novel selective ligands. G-Protein Coupled Receptors, New Therapeutic Applications (Feb 23-24, Washington, DC) 1998.
204. 4 receptor ligands. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1998, 8: 2033-8.
205. 4 receptor. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1998, 8: 1499-502.
206. Mewshaw, R.E., Verwijs, A., Shi, X. et al. New generation dopaminergic agents. 5. Heterocyclic bioisosteres that exploit the 3-OH-N1-phenylpiperazine dopaminergic template. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1998, 8: 2675-80.
207. 4 receptor. Bioorg Med Chem 1998, 6: 1731-43.
208. 4 receptors: An in vitro and in vivo comparison with L-745,870 (3-(4-[4-chlorophenyl]piperazin-1-yl)methyl-1H-pyrrolo[2, 3b]pyridine) and raclopride. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1998, 287: 167-86.
209. 4 receptor with improved selectivity over ion channels. Bioorg Med Chem 1998, 6: 743-53.
210. 4 ligands. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1999, 9: 585-8.
211. 4 receptor ligands. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1999, 9: 1969-72.
212. 4 receptor ligands. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1999, 9: 3143-6.
213. 4 receptor binding of N-(3-pyrrolidinylmethyl)benzamides synthesized from aspartic acid. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1999, 9: 841-6.
214. 4 receptor: Synthesis, ligand binding studies and comparison of molecular electrostatic potential maps. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1999, 9: 97-102.
215. 4 receptor with excellent selectivity over ion channels. J Med Chem 1999, 42: 2706-15.
216. 4 antagonist activity: Discovery of a potential atypical antipsychotic agent. J Med Chem 1999, 42: 5181-7.
217. 4 receptors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1999, 9: 1285-90.
218. 4 antagonists. J Med Chem 1999, 42: 3718-25.
219. 4 antagonist, NRA0160: A preclinical neuropharmacological profile. Life Sci 1999, 65: 2109-25.