Carbon fibers for composites

Journal of Materials Science

Volumn 35, Issue 6, 2000, Pages 1303-1313

  Chand, S ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TENNESSEE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

FIBER REINFORCED MATERIALS; TENSILE STRENGTH;

HIGH PERFORMANCE CARBON FIBERS;

CARBON FIBERS;

EID: 0033906874     PISSN: 00222461     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1023/A:1004780301489     Document Type: Article

References (151)

1. W. S. SMITH, "Engineered Materials Handbook-Vol. 1" (ASM International, Ohio, 1987) p. 49.
2. J. B. DONNET and R. C. BANSAL, "Carbon Fibers" (Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, 1990).
3. National Materials Advisory Board: Committee Report, "High Performance Synthetic Fibers for Composites" (National Academy Press, Washington, D.C., 1992) p. 54.
4. T. OHSAWA, M. MIWA and M. KAWADE, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 39 (1990) 1733.
5. H. SHINOHARA, T. SATO and F. SAITO, J. Mater. Sci. 28 (1993) 6611.
6. S. KUMAR, D. P. ANDERSON and A. S. CRASTO, ibid. 28 (1993) 423.
7. M. A. STEINBERG, Scientific American 255 (1986) 67.
8. T. EDISON, US Patent no. 223898 (Jan. 1880).
9. R. BACON and M. M. TANG, Carbon 2 (1964) 211.
10. Idem., ibid. 2 (1964) 220.
11. E. FITZER, ibid. 27 (1989) 621.
12. J. ECONOMY and L. WOHRER, in Proceedings of 2nd Shirley International Seminar (Shirley Institute, Manchester, England, Sept. 1970).
13. R. Y. LIN and J. ECONOMY, Am. Chem. Soc. Div. Org. Coat. Plast. Chem. Prepr. 31 (1971) 403.
14. K. KAWAMURA and G. M. JENKINS, J. Mater. Sci. 7 (1972) 1099.
15. British Patent no. 1228910 (April 21, 1971).
16. US Patent no. 3856593 (Oct. 24, 1974).
17. US Patent no. 3903220 (Sept. 2, 1975).
18. British Patent no. 1406378 (Sept. 17, 1975).
19. German Patent no. 2315144 (Oct. 11, 1973).
20. British Patent no. 1274963 (May 17, 1973).
21. H. M. EZEKIEL, Appl. Polym. Symp. 9 (1969) 315.
22. Idem., Am. Chem. Soc. Div. Org. Coat. Plast. Chem. Prepr. 31 (1971) 415.
23. Monsanto Co., US Patent no. 3549307 (Dec. 22, 1970).
24. Celanese Corp., US Patent no. 3547584 (Dec. 15, 1970).
25. J. ECONOMY and R. Y. LIN, Appl. Polym. Symp. 29 (1976) 199.
26. H. M. EZEKIEL and R. G. SPAIN, J. Polym. Sci. 19C (1967) 249.
27. R. G. BOURDEAU and F. S. GALASSO, Am. Ceram. Soc. Bull. 55 (1976) 785.
28. G. S. BHAT and R. SCHWANKE, J. Thermal Anal. 49 (1997) 399.
29. J. M. AUGL, AD Report 780430/5 GA, 1974, p. 37.
30. US Patent no. 3635675 (Jan. 18, 1972).
31. ICI Ltd., British Patent no. 1283714 (Aug. 2, 1972).
32. E. A. BOUCHER, R. N. COOPER and D. H. EVERETT, Carbon 8 (1970) 597.
33. G. M. JENKINS and K. KAWAMURA, "Polymeric Carbons" (Cambridge University Press, London, 1976) p. 11.
34. German Patent no. 1246510 (Aug. 3, 1967).
35. S. NATESAN and G. S. BHAT, in Extended Abstracts of 23rd Biennial Conference on Carbon (American Carbon Society, 1997) p. 422.
36. R. B. MATHUR, O. P. BAHL, V. K. MATTA and K. C. NAGPAL, in Proceedings of Seminar on Carbon Fibers and Their Applications (Indian Carbon Society, 1986) p. 57.
37. W. WATT, in Proceedings of 3rd Conference on Industrial Carbons and Graphite (Society of Chemical Industry, London, 1971) p. 471.
38. W. G. HARLAND, M. W. KING and L. N. PHILLIPS, British Patent no. 1431883 (1976).
39. O. P. BAHL, R. B. MATHUR and T. L. DHAMI, J. Mater. Sci. Eng. 13 (1985) 105.
40. K. H. CUPP and D. E. STUEZ, US Patent no. 3592595 (1971).
41. R. MORETON, in Proceedings of 3rd Conference on Industrial Carbon and Graphite (Society of Chemical Industry, London, 1971) p. 472.
42. E. FITZER and T. MULLER, in Extended Abstracts of 15th Biennial Conference on Carbon (Philadelphia, 1981) p. 312.
43. R. MORETON, "Carbon Fibers - Their Composites and Applications" (The Plastics Institute, London, 1971) paper 12.
44. N. GRASSIE and R. McGUCHAN, Eur. Polymer J. 8 (1972) 257.
45. G. T. SIVY and M. M. COLEMAN, Carbon 19 (1981) 127.
46. M. M. COLEMAN and G. T. SIVY, ibid. 19 (1981) 133.
47. G. T. SIVY and M. M. COLEMAN, ibid. 19 (1981) 137.
48. S. DAMODARAN, P. DESAI and A. S. ABHIRAMAN, J. Text. Inst. 81 (1990) 384.
49. O. P. BAHL and L. M. MANOCHA, Angew. Makromol. Chem. 48 (1975) 145.
50. L. M. MANOCHA, O. P. BAHL and G. C. JAIN, ibid. 67 (1975) 11.
51. O. P. BAHL and L. M. MANOCHA, Fiber Sci. Tech. 9 (1976) 77.
52. Idem., Carbon 13 (1975) 297.
53. V. RASKOVIC and S. MARINKOVIC, ibid. 16 (1978) 351.
54. V. RASKOVIC, I. DEZAROV and S. MARINKOVIC, in Proceedings of 2nd International Carbon Conference (Baden-Baden, 1976) p. 121.
55. Japan Exlan Co. Ltd., British Patent no. 1499085 (1978).
56. J. P. RIGGS, US Patent no. 3656882 (1972).
57. J. B. ROBIN, US Patent no. 3416874 (1968).
58. Great Lakes Carbon Corp., US Patent no. 4279612 (1981).
59. SHINDO, "Carbon Fibers - Their Composites and Applications" (The Plastics Institute, London, 1971) p. 18.
60. D. J. O'NEIL, J. Polymer. Mater. 7 (1979) 203.
61. T. ISHIKAWA, R. MAKI and M. MORISHITA, in Proceedings of 161st National Meeting (American Chemical Society, Los Angeles, 1971) p. 400.
62. J. W. JOHNSON and W. WATT, Appl. Polym. Symp. 9 (1969) 215.
63. W. WATT and J. W. JOHNSON, in Proceedings of 3rd Conference on Industrial Carbons and Graphite (Society of Chemical Industry, London, 1971) p. 417.
64. S. L. STRONG, Am. Chem. Soc. Div. Org. Coat. Plast. Chem. Prepr. 31 (1971) 426.
65. R. BACON, W. A. SCHALAMAN and S. L. STRONG, Unpublished Technical Report (1959) in "Chemistry and Physics of Carbon Vol. 9," edited by Jr. P. L. Walker and P. L. Thrower (Marcel Dekker, New York, 1973) p. 12.
66. R. BACON, W. A. SCHALAMAN and S. L. STRONG, Unpublished Technical Report (1968) in "Chemistry and Physics of Carbon Vol. 9," edited by Jr. P. L. Walker and P. L. Thrower (Marcel Dekker, New York, 1973) p. 12.
67. J. V. DUFFY, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 15 (1971) 715.
68. S. L. MADROSKY, V. E. HART and S. J. STRAUSS, J. Res. Natl. Bur. Stand. 56 (1956) 343.
69. R. O. MAYER, D. R. ECKER and W. J. SPRY, US Patent no. 3333926 (1967).
70. SHINDO, Y. NAKANISHI and I. SEMA, Appl. Polym. Symp. 9 (1969) 271.
71. SHINDO, US Patent no. 3529934 (1970).
72. W. A. REEVES, R. M. DERKINS, B. PICCOLO and G. L. DRAKE, Text. Res. J. 40 (1970) 223.
73. R. BACON, in "Chemistry and Physics of Carbon Vol. 9," edited by Jr. P. L. Walker and P. L. Thrower (Marcel Dekker, New York, 1973) p. 1.
74. L. WEITZSACKER and L. T. DRZAL, in Proceedings of ANTEC'96 (Society of Plastics Engineers, Brookfield, CT, 1996) p. 3656.
75. M. SHERWOOD, J. Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena 81 (Sept. 1996) 319.
76. L. WEITZSACKER, X. MING and L. T. DRZAL, Surface and Interface Analysis 25 (Feb. 1997) 53.
77. H. J. JACOBASCH, K. GRUNDKE, P. UHLMANN, F. SIMON and E. MAEDER, Composite Interfaces 3 (1996) 293.
78. R. C. BANSAL and P. CHHABRA, Indian J. Chem. 20A (1981) 449.
79. E. FITZER and R. WEISS, in Intern. Symp. Society of Plastics Engineers, University of Leige, 1983.
80. L. IBARRA, A. MACIAS and E. PALMA, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 61 (1996) 2447.
81. M. DELAMAR, G. DESARMOT, O. FAGEBAUME, R. HITMI, J. PINSON and J. M. SAVEANT, Carbon 35 (1997) 801.
82. Z. KUN, W. YUKING and Z. BENLIAN, in Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China-English Edition, 1997, Vol. 7, No. 3, p. 86.
83. HIROSHI, N. TETSUJI, S. HIROSHI, A. FUJIO and O. MASATOSHI, J. Nuclear Sci. Tech. 32 (1995) 369.
84. Z. ANNA, W. XUQIN and L. SHIJIN, J. East China Univ. Sci. Tech. 20 (1994) 485.
85. Y. T. ZHU, J. A. VALDEZ, N. SHI, M. L. LAVATO, M. G. STOUT, S. J. ZHOU, W. R. BLUMENTHAL and T. C. LOWE, in Proceedings of International Symposium on Processing of Metals and Advanced Materials (Minerals, Metals & Materials Society, San Antonio, Texas, 1998) p. 251.
86. S. H. JAO and F. J. McGARRY, in Proceedings of 22nd International SAMPE Technical Conference (SAMPE, Covina, CA, 1990) p. 455.
87. T. W. CHOU, R. L. McCULLOUGH and R. B. PIPES, Scientific American 255 (Oct. 1986) 193.
88. S. H. GARDNER, R. M. DAVIS and K. L. REIFSNIDER, in Proceedings of ANTEC'98 (Society of Plastics Engineers, Brookfield, CT, 1998) p. 1546.
89. Y. KATSUTOSHI, S. SYOUICHI, H. TOSHIHIRO and I. TOHRU, J. Japan Inst. Metals 59 (1995) p. 1108.
90. B. D. AGARWAL and L. J. BROUTMAN, "Analysis and Performance of Fiber Composites" (John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 1990) p. 319.
91. W. JOHNSON, "Strong Fibers" (Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1985) p. 389.
92. A. FOURDEUX, R. PERRET and W. RULAND, J. Appl. Cryst. (1968) 252.
93. B. J. WICKS and R. A. COYLE, J. Mater. Sci. 11 (1976) 376.
94. W. KOWBEL, E. HIPPO and N. MURDIC, Carbon 27 (1989) 219.
95. G. J. HAYES, D. D. EDIE and J. M. KENNEDY, J. Mater. Sci. 28 (1993) 3247.
96. M. FURUYAMA, M. HIGUCHI, K. KUBOMURA and H. SUNAGO, ibid. 28 (1993) 1611.
97. M. G. NORTHOLT, L. H. VELDHUIZEN and H. JANSEN, in Proceedings of 20th Biennial Conference on Carbon (American Carbon Society, 1991) p. 222.
98. V. R. MEHTA and S. KUMAR, J. Mater. Sci. 29 (1994) 3658.
99. M. ENDO, ibid. 23 (1988) 853.
100. R. H. KNIBBS, J. Microsc. 94 (1971) 273.
101. M. S. DRESSELHAUS, G. DRESSELHAUS, K. SUGIHARA, I. L. SPAIN and H. A. GOLDBERG, "Graphite Fibers and Filaments" (Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1988) p. 12.
102. S. KUMAR, W. W. ADAMS and T. E. HELMINIAK, J. Reinf. Plast. 7 (1988) 108.
103. S. KUMAR and T. E. HELMINIAK, in "The Materials Science and Engineering of Rigid Rod Polymers, Vol. 134," edited by W. W. Adams, R. K. Eby and D. E. McLemore (MRS, Pittsburgh, 1989) Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings, p. 363.
104. A. CRASTO and D. P. ANDERSON, Proc. Amer. Soc. Comp. 5 (1990) 809.
105. D. P. ANDERSON and S. KUMAR, in Proceedings of Annual Technical Conference (Society of Plastics Engineers, May 1990) p. 1248.
106. J. HAO, S. DAMODARAN, A. S. ABHIRAMAN, P. DESAI and S. KUMAR, in Proceedings of Materials Research Society Symposium (MRS, Pittsburgh, 1993) p. 135.
107. Y. MATSUHISA, M. WASHIYAMA, T. HIRAMATSU, H. FUJINA and G. KATAGIRI, in Proceedings of 20th Biennial Conference on Carbon (American Carbon Society, 1991) p. 226.
108. M. MIWA, A. TAKENO, Y. MORI, T. YOKOI and A. WATANABE, J. Mater. Sci. 31 (1996) p. 2957.
109. W. GWOMEI, Polymer J. 29 (1997) 705.
110. M. MIWA, Y. MORI and A. TAKENO, ibid. 33 (1998) 2013.
111. N. S. BROYLES, K. N. E. VERGHESE, R. M. DAVIS, J. J. LESKO and J. S. RIFFLE, in Proceedings of ANTEC'98 (Society of Plastics Engineers, Brookfield, CT, 1998) p. 2240.
112. M. MIWA, Y. LIU, H. TSUZUKI, A. TAKENO and A. WATANABE, J. Mater. Sci. 31 (1996) 499.
113. G. A. COOPER and R. M. MAYER, ibid. 6 (1971) 60.
114. W. S. WILLIAMS, D. A. STEFFENS and R. BACON, J. Appl. Phys. 41 (1970) 4893.
115. M. STEWART and M. FEUGHELMAN, J. Mater. Sci. 8 (1973) 1119.
116. R. A. COYLE, L. M. GILLIN and B. J. WICKS, Nature 226 (1970) 257.
117. C. N. TYSON, J. Phys. D.: Appl. Phys. 8 (1975) 749.
118. H. K. BOWAN, Scientific American 255 (Oct. 1986) 169.
119. J. W. JOHNSON, Appl. Polym. Symp. 9 (1969) 229.
120. J. W. JOHNSON and D. J. THORNE, Carbon 7 (1969) 659.
121. E. FITZER, K. GEIGL and L. MANOCHA, in Proceedings of 5th International Conference on Industrial Carbons and Graphite (Society of Chemical Industry, London, 1978) p. 405.
122. P. EHRBURGER, J. J. HERQUE and J. B. DONNET, in Proceedings of ACS Symposium on Petroleum Derived Carbons (American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C., 1975) p. 324.
123. S. ALLEN, G. COOPER and R. MAYER, Nature 224 (1969) 684.
124. B. F. JONES and I. D. PEGGS, ibid. 239 (1972) 95.
125. J. W. S. HEARLE and R. GREER, Textile Progress 2 (1970) 1.
126. K. HISATANI, K. OKAJIMA and K. KAMIDE, Polymer J. 28 (1996) 99.
127. P. J. GOODHEW, A. J. CLARKE and J. E. BAILEY, J. Materials Sci. Eng. 17 (1975) 3.
128. M. MINAGAWA, K. MIYANO and T. MORITA, Macromolecules 22 (1989) 2054.
129. Y. INOUE and A. NISHIOKA, Polymer J. 3 (1972) 149.
130. K. MATSUZAKI, T. URYU, M. OKADA and H. SHIROKI, J. Polym. Sci. 6 (1968) 1475.
131. K. KAMIDE, H. ONO and K. HISATANI, Polymer J. 24 (1992) 917.
132. H. ONO, K. HISATANI and K. KAMIDE, ibid. 25 (1993) 245.
133. Y. NAKANO, K. HISATANI and K. KAMIDE, Polym. Int. 34 (1994) 397.
134. Idem., ibid. 35 (1994) 207.
135. Idem., ibid. 35 (1994) 249.
136. H. ONO and K. HISATANI, Asahi Chemical Co., Ltd., Japanese Patent no. 03068607 A2 910325.
137. G. M. JENKINS, "Chemistry and Physics of Carbon Fibers, Vol. 11" (1973) p. 189.
138. F. P. BUNDY, H. M. STRONG and R. H. WENTDORF, "Chemistry and Physics of Carbon Fibers, Vol. 10" (1972) p. 213.
139. I. A. S. EDWARDS, "Introduction to Carbon Science" (Butterworth & Co. Ltd., London, 1989) p. 4.
140. D. V. FEDOSEEV, V. L. BUKHOVETS, I. G. VARSHAVSKAYA, A. V. LAVRENT'EV and B. V. DERJAGUIN, Carbon 21 (1983) 237.
141. D. V. FEDOSEEV, I. G. VARSHAVSKAYA, A. V. LAVRENT'EV and B . V. DERJAGUIN, Powder Technology 44 (1985) 125.
142. M. ALAM, T. DEBROY, R. ROY and E. BREVAL, Carbon 27 (1989) 289.
143. J. DONNET and A. VOET, "Carbon Black" (Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, 1976) p. 87.
144. D. C. PREVORSEK and H. B. CHIN, in Proceedings of 24th SAPME Technical Conference (Toronto, Canada, 1992) p. 307.
145. H. K. BERNARD, Scientific American 255 (1986) 158.
146. B. G. FRUSHOUR and R. S. KNORR, "Handbook of Fiber Chemistry" (Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, 1998) p. 870.
147. J. E. SHELBY, "Handbook of Gas Diffusion in Solids and Melts" (ASM International, Ohio, 1996) p. 133.
148. H. TOSHIMA, T. NAITO, T. HINO and K. MURAKAMI, Tonen Corp., US Patent no. 5395607 (March 1995).
149. M. INAGAKI, K. I. SAKAMOTO and Y. HISHIYAMA, J. Mater. Res. 6 (1991) 1108.
150. M. INAGAKI, T. IBUKI and T. TAKEICHI, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 44 (1992) 521.
151. A. S. ABHIRAMAN, P. DESAI and B. WADE, "Processing, Fabrication, and Manufacturing of Composite Materials" (American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1992) p. 1.