A conductive plastic for simulating biological tissue at microwave frequencies

IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility

Volumn 42, Issue 1, 2000, Pages 76-81

  Chang, John T ^a   Fanning, Margaret W ^b   Meaney, Paul M ^b   Paulsen, Keith D ^c  

^a LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATIONAL LABORATORY   (United States)

^b DARTMOUTH COLLEGE   (United States)

^c DARTMOUTH HITCHCOCK MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

Dielectric materials; Imaging; Microwave; Phantom; Tissue equivalent

Indexed keywords

ANTENNA RADIATION; BIOLOGICAL RADIATION EFFECTS; CARBON BLACK; CONDUCTIVE PLASTICS; DIELECTRIC MATERIALS; MICROWAVE ANTENNAS; REINFORCED PLASTICS; THERMOPLASTICS; TISSUE;

TISSUE EQUIVALENTS;

ELECTROMAGNETIC SHIELDING;

EID: 0033904964     PISSN: 00189375     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1109/15.831707     Document Type: Article

References (27)

1. F. A. Duck, Physical Properties of Tissues: A Comprehensive Reference Book. London: Academic, 1990.
2. J. B. Hasted, Aqueous Dielectrics New York: Wiley, 1973.
3. C. Polk and E. Postow, Eds., Handbook of Biological Effects of Electromagnetic Fields, 2nd ed. New York: CRC, 1996.
4. S. Gabriel, R. W. Lau, and C. Gabriel, "The dielectric properties of biological tissues - Part II: Measurement in the frequency range 10 Hz to 20 GHz," Phys. Medicine Biol., vol. 41, pp. 2251-2269, 1996.
5. C. K. Chou, "Evaluation of microwave hyperthermia applicators," Bioelectromagn., vol. 13, pp. 581-597, 1992.
6. A. Surowiec, P. N. Shrivastave, M. Astrahan, and Z. Petrovich, "Utilization of a multilayer polyacrylamide phantom for evaluation of hyperthermia applicators," Int. J. Hyperthermia, vol. 8, no. 6, pp. 795-807, 1992.
7. P. Meaney, K. Paulsen, A. Hartov, and R. Crane, "Microwave imaging for tissue assessment: Initial evaluation in multitarget tissue-equivalent phantoms," IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng., vol. 43, pp. 878-890, Sept. 1996.
8. G. Hartsgrove, A. Kraszewski, and A. Surowiec, "Simulated biological materials for electromagnetic radiation absorption studies," Bioelectromagn., vol. 8, pp. 29-36, 1987.
9. A. Guy, "Analyzes of electromagnetic fields induced in biological tissues by thermographic studies on equivalent phantom models," IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., vol. MTT-19, pp. 205-214, Feb. 1971.
10. H. Tamura, Y. Ishikawa, T. Kobayashi, and T. Nojima, "A dry phantom material composed of ceramic and graphite powder," IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat., vol. 39, pp. 132-137, May 1997.
11. C. K. Chou, G. W. Chen, A. W. Guy, and K. H. Luk, "Formulas for preparing phantom muscle tissue at various radio frequencies," Bioelectromagn., vol. 5, pp. 435-441, 1984.
12. M. G. Bini, A. Ignesti, L. Millanta, R. Olmi, N. Rubino, and R. Vanni, "The polyacrylamide as a phantom material for electromagnetic hyperthermia studies," IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng., vol. 31, pp. 317-322, Mar. 1984.
13. D. Andreuccetti, M. Bini, A. Ignesti, R. Olmi, N. Rubino, and R. Vanni, "Use of polyacrylamide as a tissue-equivalent material in the microwave range," IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng., vol. 35, pp. 275-277, Apr. 1988.
14. P. M. Meaney, K. D. Paulsen, A. Hartov, and R. K. Crane, "An active microwave imaging system for reconstruction of 2-D electrical property distributions," IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng., vol. 42, pp. 1017-1026, Oct. 1995.
15. P. M. Meaney, K. D. Paulsen, and J. T. Chang, "Near-field microwave imaging of biologically-based materials using a monopole transceiver system," IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech.,vol. 45, pp. 31-45, 1998.
16. P. H. Leclere, R. Lazzaroni, F. Gubbels, C. Calberg, P. H. Dubois, R. Jerome, and J. L. Bredas, "Carbon black-filled polymer blends A scanning probe microscopy characterization," in Materials Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. Nanophase Nanocomposite Materials II Proc. 1996 MRS Fall Symp., vol. 457, Boston, MA, Dec. 1997, pp. 475-430.
17. V. Haddadi-Asl and T. Mohammadi, "Effect of processing methods and conditions on properties of conductive carbon-polyolefins composite" (in English), Iranian J. Polymer Sci. Technol., vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 153-164, July 1996.
18. F. Gubbels, R. Jerome, P. H. Teyssie, E. Vanlathem, R. Deltour, A. Calderone, V. Parente, and J. L. Bredas, "Selective localization of carbon black in immiscible polymer blends: A useful tool to design electrical conductive composites," Macromolecules, vol. 27, no. 7, pp. 1972-1974, Mar. 28, 1994.
19. L. W. Shacklette, N. F. Colaneri, B. Wessling, and V. G. Kulkarni, "EMI shielding of intrinsically conductive polymers," in Annu. Tech. Conf. Proc. Search Excellence 49th Annu. Tech. Conf. ANTEC'91, vol. 37, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, May 1991, pp. 665-667.
20. D. J. Sommers, "Carbon black for electrically conductive plastics," in Annu. Techn. Conf. Soc. Plastics Eng. 41st Conf. Proc. ANTEC' 83: Plastics - Eng. Today Tomorrow's World, Chicago, IL, 1983, pp. 86-89.
21. _, "Carbon black for electrically conductive plastics," Polym. Plast. Technol. Eng., vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 83-98, 1984.
22. D. G. Bodnar, H. W. Denny, and B. M. Jenkins," Shielding effectiveness measurements on conductive plastics," in IEEE Int. Symp. Electromagn. Compat., San Diego, CA, Oct. 1979, pp. 27-33.
23. C. J. F. Bottcher, Theory of Electric Polarization, 2nd ed, O. C. Van Belle, P. Bordewijk, and A. Rip, Eds. Amsterdam, The Netherlands Elsevier, 1973.
24. J. T. Chang, "Microwave characterization and thermal processing of cementitious materials," Ph.D. dissertation, Northwestern Univ., 1994.
25. Standard Practice for Mechanical Mixing of Hydraulic Cement Pastes and Mortars of Plastic Consistency. West Conshohaken, PA : ASTM, 1997, C305-97.
26. User's Manual HP 85070B Dielectric Probe Kit, Hewlett-Packard, Apr. 1993.
27. A. R. Von Hippel, Dielectric Materials and Applications New York: Wiley, 1952.