Obesity: An epidemic in need of therapeutics

Current Opinion in Chemical Biology

Volumn 4, Issue 4, 2000, Pages 452-460

  Van Der Ploeg, Lex HT ^a  

^a MERCK RESEARCH LABORATORIES   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACCUTRIM; AMFEPRAMONE; ANOREXIGENIC AGENT; BENZPHETAMINE; BETA 3 ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR STIMULATING AGENT; CANNABINOID RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; MAZINDOL; NEUROPEPTIDE; PHENDIMETRAZINE; PHENDIMETRAZINE TARTRATE; PHENTERMINE; PHENYLPROPANOLAMINE; RECOMBINANT CILIARY NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR; RECOMBINANT LEPTIN; RIMONABANT; SIBUTRAMINE; TETRAHYDROLIPSTATIN; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

ADIPOCYTE; BARIATRIC SURGERY; CLINICAL TRIAL; DISEASE MODEL; DOSE RESPONSE; DRUG INHIBITION; DRUG MECHANISM; FEEDING BEHAVIOR; HUMAN; HYPOTHALAMUS HYPOPHYSIS SYSTEM; MALABSORPTION; METABOLIC RATE; NONHUMAN; OBESITY; REVIEW; RODENT; STEATORRHEA; STRUCTURE ANALYSIS; WEIGHT REDUCTION;

RODENTIA;

EID: 0033891368     PISSN: 13675931     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S1367-5931(00)00114-9     Document Type: Review

References (120)

1. Varying body mass index cutoff points to describe overweight prevalence among U.S. adults: NHANES III (1988 to 1994)
2. Clinical guidelines on the identification, evaluation and treatment of overweight and obesity in adults - The Evidence Report. National Institutes of Health
3. Obesity-induced hypertension: New concepts from the emerging biology of obesity
4. The prediction of abdominal visceral fat level from body composition and anthropometry: ROC analysis
5. Hypertriglyceridemia, insulin resistance, and the metabolic syndrome
6. Long term effects of modest weight loss in type II diabetic patients
7. Beneficial health effects of modest weight loss
8. Medical management of obesity: Risks and rewards
9. Weight loss increases and fat loss decreases all-cause mortality rate: Results from two independent cohort studies
10. Medical hazards of obesity
11. Diabetes mellitus: A 'thrifty' genotype rendered detrimental by 'progress'
12. Environmental contributors to the obesity epidemic
13. The search for human obesity genes
14. Pharmacogenetics becomes pharmacogenomics: Wake up and get ready
15. The human obesity gene map: The 1999 update
16. Phenotypes in three pedigrees with autosomal dominant obesity caused by haploinsufficiency mutations in the melanocortin-4 receptor gene
17. A frameshift mutation in MC4R associated with dominantly inherited human obesity
18. A frame shift mutation in human MC-4R is associated with a dominant form of obesity
19. Severe early-onset obesity, adrenal insufficiency and red hair pigmentation caused by POMC mutations in humans
20. Congenital leptin deficiency is associated with severe early-onset obesity in humans
21. Obesity and impaired prohormone processing associated with mutations in the human prohormone convertase 1 gene
22. A mutation in the human leptin receptor gene causes obesity and pituitary dysfunction
23. Reduced rate of energy expenditure as a risk factor for body weight gain
24. Excess energy intake and low energy expenditure as predictors of obesity
25. Metabolic rate and physical development in children at risk of obesity
26. Relative weight gain and obesity as a child predict metabolic syndrome as an adult
27. Mice lacking mitochondrial uncoupling protein are cold-sensitive but not obese
28. Obesity and physical activity
29. Long-term pharmacotherapy in the management of obesity
30. Vertical banded gastroplasty for obesity
31. Surgical treatment of obesity in America: Data according to the National Bariatric Surgery Registry
32. Positional cloning of the mouse obese gene and its human homologue
33. Weight-reducing effects of the plasma protein encoded by the obese gene
34. Recombinant mouse OB protein: Evidence for a peripheral signal linking adiposity and central neural networks
35. Serum immunoreactive-leptin concentrations in normal-weight and obese humans
36. Leptin levels reflect body lipid content in mice: Evidence for diet-induced resistance to leptin action
37. The expression of ob gene is not acutely regulated by insulin and fasting in human abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue
38. Relationship between insulin sensitivity and plasma leptin concentration in lean and obese men
39. Leptin concentrations in diabetic and non-diabetic Mexican-Americans
40. Increased obese mRNA expression in omental fat cells from massively obese humans
41. Effects of the obese gene product on body weight regulation in ob/ob mice
42. N-docosahexaenoyl, 3 hydroxytyramine: A dopaminergic compound that penetrates the blood-brain barrier and suppresses appetite
43. Viral gene delivery selectively restores feeding and prevents lethality of dopamine-deficient mice
44. Brain peptides and obesity: Pharmacologic treatment
45. Opioid involvement in feeding behavior and the pathogenesis of certain eating disorders
46. 5-HT receptor subtypes influencing feeding and drinking: Focus on the periphery
47. Obesity and the hypothalamus: Novel peptides for new pathways
48. Development of Cushing's Syndrome in corticotropin-releasing factor transgenic mice
49. The acute effects of corticotropin-releasing factor on energy expenditure in lean and obese women
50. Corticotropin-releasing factor-binding protein concentrations in plasma of patients with hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal disorders
51. Stress-related cortisol secretion in men: Relationships with abdominal obesity and endocrine, metabolic and hemodynamic abnormalities
52. Adipogenesis and obesity: Rounding out the pig picture
53. In vivo modulation of HMGIc reduces obesity
54. Orexins and orexin receptors: A family of hypothalamic neuropeptides and G protein-coupled receptors that regulate feeding behavior
55. Mice lacking melanin-concentrating hormone are hypophagic and lean
56. Naracolepsy and the Hypocretin Receptor 2 gene
57. Identification and expression cloning of a leptin receptor, OB-R
58. Abnormal splicing of the leptin receptor in diabetic mice
59. Hypothalamic CART is a new anorectic peptide regulated by leptin
60. From lesions to leptin: Hypothalamic control of food intake and body weight
61. Leptin activates hypothalamic CART neurons projecting to the spinal cord
62. Leptin differentially regulates NPY and POMC neurons projecting to the lateral hypothalamic area
63. Agouti protein is an antagonist of the melanocyte-stimulating-hormone receptor
64. Targeted disruption of the melanocortin-4 receptor results in obesity in mice
65. The melanocortin 4 receptor controls food intake and metabolic rate in mice
66. A receptor subtype involved in neuropeptide-Y-induced food intake
67. Neuropeptide Y induced feeding in the rat is mediated by a novel receptor
68. Novel polymorphisms in the neuropeptide-Y Y5 receptor associated with obesity in Pima Indians
69. Role of the Y1 receptor in the regulation of neuropeptide Y-mediated feeding: Comparison of wild-type receptor-deficient, and Y5 receptor-deficient mice
70. Integration of NPY, AGRP, and melanocortin signals in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus: Evidence of a cellular basis for the adipostat
71. A melanocortin agonist reduces neuronal firing rate in rat hypothalamic slices
72. Stress, corticotropin-releasing factor, and drug addition
73. New approaches in the pharmacological treatment of obesity
74. The melanocortin receptors: Agonists, antagonists and the hormonal control of pigmentation
75. A candidate gene for the mouse mutation tubby
76. Implication of tubby proteins as transcription factors by structure-based functional analysis
77. Hyperproinsulinaemia in obese fat/fat mice associated with a carboxypeptidase E mutation which reduces enzyme activity
78. Mice lacking bombesin receptor subtype-3 develop metabolic defects and obesity
79. Loss of bombesin-induced feeding suppression in gastrin-releasing peptide receptor-deficient mice
80. Absence of fenfluramine-induced anorexia and reduced c-Fos induction in the hypothalamus and cenral amygdaloid complex of serotonin 1B receptor knock-out mice
81. Infusion of the serotinin(1B) (5-HT(1B)) agonist CP-93,129 into the parabrachial nucleus potently and selectively reduces food intake in rats
82. Reduced satiating effect of d-fenfluramine in serotonin 5-HT(2C) receptor mutant mice
83. Cyclic AMP, PKA, and the physiogical regulation of adiposity
84. Expression of the mitochondrial uncoupling protein gene from the aP2 gene promoter prevents genetic obesity
85. Increased insulin sensitivity and obesity resistance in mice lacking the tyrosine phosphatase-1B gene
86. Impaired energy homeostatis in C/EBP-a knockout mice
87. Life without white fat: A transgenic mouse
88. Mechanism of insulin resistance in A-ZIP/F-1 fatless mice
89. PPAR-gamma: Adipogenic regulator and thiazolidinedione receptor
90. Cross-regulation of C/EBP alpha and PPAR gamm gamma controls the transcriptional pathway of adipogenesis and insulin sensitivity
91. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor a activators improve insulin sensitivity and reduce adiposity
92. HMGI-C and HMGI(Y) immunoreactivity correlates with cytogenetic abnormalities in lipomas, pulmonary chodroid hamartomas, endometrial polyps, and uterine leiomyomas and is compatible with rearrangement of the HMGI-C and HMGI(Y) genes
93. Obesity in the mouse model of pro-opiomelanocortin deficiency responds to peripheral melanocortin
94. Genetic, hypothalamic and endocrine features of clinical and experimental obesity
95. Sibutramine: A serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake-inhibitor for the treatment of obesity
96. Clinical cardiovascular effects of sibutramine
97. One-year treatment of obesity: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre study of orlistat, a gastrointestinal lipase inhibitor
98. Orlistat, a lipase inhibitor, for weight maintenance after conventional dieting: A 1-y study
99. Role of orlistat in the treatment of obese patients with type 2 diabetes
100. Randomised placebo-controlled trial of orlistat for weight loss and prevention of weight regain in obese patients
101. Ciliary neurotrophic factor corrects obesity and diabetes associated with leptin deficiency and resistance
102. Response of melanocortin-4 receptor-deficient mice to anorectic and orexigenic peptides
103. Human uncoupling proteins and obesity
104. Prodrugs of CL316243: A selective beta3-adrenergic receptor agonist for treating obesity and diabetes
105. Desensitization of beta3-adrenergnic receptor stimulated adenylyl cyclase activity and lipolysis in rats
106. β3-adrenergic agonists: Potential therapeutics for obesity
107. Increase in insulin action and fat oxidation after treatment with CL 316,243, a highly selective beta3-adrenoceptor agonist in humans
108. Stimulation of energy expenditure by LY-377604, a β3 adrenergic receptor agonist with β1/2 antagonist properties in healthy male subjects
109. Appetite supression and weight loss after the cannabinoid antagonist SR 141716
110. SR 141716, a CB1 cannabinoid receptor antagonist, selectively reduces sweet food intake in marmoset
111. Recombinant leptin for weight loss in obese and lean adults: A randomized, controlled, dose escalation trial
112. Effects of recombinant leptin therapy in a child with congenitical leptin defiency
113. C-terminal octapeptide of cholecystokinin decreases food intake in man
114. Effects of cholecystokinin and caerulein on human eating behavior and pain sensation: A review
115. Glucagon-like peptide 1 promotes satiety and supresses energy intake in humans
116. Intravenous enterostatin does not affect single meal food intake in man
117. Changes in the microstructure of feeding after administration of enterostatin into the paraventricular nucleus and the amygdala
118. Valvular heart disease and obesity pharmacotherapy: All agents are not alike
119. Pharmacology in emergency medicine: A close look at fenfluramine and dexfenfluramine
120. Efficacy of administration of dexfenfluramine and phentermine, alone and in combination, on ingestive behavior and body weight in rats