Historical eruptions of Merapi Volcano, Central Java, Indonesia, 1768-1998

Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research

Volumn 100, Issue 1-4, 2000, Pages 69-138

  Voight, B ^a,b   Constantine, E K ^a   Siswowidjoyo, S ^c   Torley, R ^d  

^a PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b CASCADES VOLCANO OBSERVATORY   (United States)

^c Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi   (Indonesia)

^d UNIVERSITY OF OREGON   (United States)

Author keywords

Dome collapse; Eruption precursors; Fountain collapse; Hazard mitigation; Java; Lava dome eruption; Merapi Volcano; Nu es ardentes; Pyroclastic flows; Volcanic earthquakes

Indexed keywords

HAZARD ASSESSMENT; HAZARD MANAGEMENT; HISTORICAL RECORD; VOLCANIC ERUPTION;

INDONESIA;

EID: 0033888461     PISSN: 03770273     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0377-0273(00)00134-7     Document Type: Article

References (113)

1. Abdurachman, E.K., Bourdier, J.L., Voight, B., 2000. Nuées ardentes of November 22, 1994 at Merapi Volcano, Indonesia. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 100, 345-361.
2. Allard, P., Tazieff, H., 1979. Phénoménologie et cartographie thermique des principales zones fumerolliennes du Mérapi (Indoné sie). C.R. Acad. Sci. Paris: Sér. D 288, 747-750.
3. Allard, P., Carbonelle, J., Dajlevic, D., Metrich, N., Sabroux, J., 1995. The volatile source and magma degassing budget of Merapi volcano: evidence from high-temperature gas emissions and crystal melt inclusions. Merapi Int. Decade Volcano Workshop, UNESCO/Volcanological Survey of Indonesia, Yogyakarta, pp. 16-17.
4. Andreastuti, S.D., Alloway, B.V., Smith, I.E.M., 2000. A detailed tephrostratigraphic framework at Merapi volcano, Central Java, Indonesia: Implications for eruption predictions and hazard assessment. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res 100, 51-67.
5. Anonymous, 1864. Natuurk. Tijdschr. v. Nederl. Indië. 27, 110-131.
6. Anonymous, 1867. Natuurk. Tijdschr. v. Nederl. Indië. 29, 210-236.
7. Anonymous, 1873. Natuurk. Tijdschr. v. Nederl. Indië. 33, 417-425.
8. Anonymous, 1885. Natuurk. Tijdschr. v. Nederl. Indië. 44, 177-186.
9. Anonymous, 1886. Nature 18, 468.
10. Anonymous, 1887. Natuurk. Tijdschr. v. Nederl. Indië. 47, 528-551.
11. Anonymous, 1890. Natuurk. Tijdschr. v. Nederl. Indië. 49, 111-159.
12. Anonymous, 1891. Natuurk. Tijdschr. v. Nederl. Indië. 50, 166-197.
13. Anonymous, 1893. Natuurk. Tijdschr. v. Nederl. Indië. 52, 81-123.
14. Anonymous, 1893. Natuurk. Tijdschr. v. Nederl. Indië. 53, 132-161.
15. Anonymous, 1898. Natuurk. Tijdschr. v. Nederl. Indië. 58, 137-162.
16. Anonymous, 1904a. Nature 11, 348.
17. Anonymous, 1904b. Natuurk. Tijdschr. v. Nederl. Indië. 63, 184-217.
18. Anonymous, 1905. Natuurk. Tijdschr. v. Nederl. Indië. 64, 123-124.
19. Anonymous, 1905. Natuurk. Tijdschr. v. Nederl. Indië. 65, 90-133.
20. Anonymous, 1908. Natuurk. Tijdschr. v. Nederl. Indië. 67, 54.
21. Anonymous, 1909. Natuurk. Tijdschr. v. Nederl. Indië. 68, 118.
22. Anonymous, 1921. Natuurk. Tijdschr. v. Nederl. Indië. 81, 89-123.
23. Anonymous, 1923. Natuurk. Tijdschr. v. Nederl. Indië. 83, 17-54.
24. Anonymous, 1924. Natuurk. Tijdschr. v. Nederl. Indië. 84, 15-86.
25. Anonymous, 1934. Nachrichtendienst u. Vulkanische Ereignisse 1933/1934. Z. Vulkanol. 16, 57-64.
26. Bardintzeff, J.M., 1984. Merapi Volcano (Java, Indonesia) and Merapi-type Nuées Ardentes. Bull. Volcanol. 47 (3), 433-446.
27. Beauducel, F., Cornet, F.H., 1999. Collection and three-dimensional modeling of GPS and tilt data at Merapi Volcano Java Indonesia. J. Geophys. Res. 104 (B1), 725-736.
28. Berthommier, P.C., 1990. Etude Volcanologique de Merapi (Centre-Java). Thesis, Université Blaise Pascal, No d'ordre du 246.
29. Berthommier, P.C., Camus, G., 1991. Merapi et ses éruptions: importance des méchanismes phréatomagmatiques. Bull. Soc. Géol. Fr. 5, 635-644.
30. Boudon, G., Camus, G., Gourgaud, A., Lajoie, J., 1993. The nuée ardente deposits of Merapi volcano, Central Java, Indonesia: stratigraphy, textural characteristics, and transport mechanisms. Bull. Volcanol. 55, 327-342.
31. BNEIVS, Bull. Netherlands East Indian Volcanol. Surv., 1927-1935, no. 1-72; also Bull. Netherlands Indies Volcanol. Surv., 1935-1940, no. 73-94, 1941 (pub. 1949) no. 95-98.
32. BNEIVS, Bull. Netherlands East Indian Volcanol. Surv., 1927- 1935, no. 1-72; also Bull. Netherlands Indies Volcanol. Surv., 1935-1940, no. 73-94, 1941 (pub. 1949) no. 95-98.
33. Brodscholl, A., Kirbani, S.B., Voight, B., 2000. Sequential domecollapse nuées ardentes analyzed from broadband siesmic data, Merapi Volcano, Indonesia. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 100, 363-369.
34. BVSI, Bull. Volcanol. Surv. Indonesia (BVSI), 1950-1986, no. 100-112.
35. Camus, G., Gourgaud, A., Mossand-Berthommier, P., Vincent, P.M., 2000. Merapi (Central Java, Indonesia): An outline of the structural and magmatological evolution, with special emphasis on the major pyroclastic events. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 100, 139-163.
36. Crawfurd, J., 1820. History of the Indian Archipelago. Containing an account of the manners, arts, languages, regions, institutions and commerce of its inhabitants, in three vols. A. Constable, Edinburgh; Hurst, Robinson and Co., London.
37. Eichelberger, J.C., Carrigan, C.R., Westrich, H.R., Price, R.H., 1986. Non-explosive silicic volcanism. Nature 323, 598-602.
38. Escher, B.G., 1931. Over het vulcanisme van Java in verband met de uitbarsting van den Merapi. De Ingenieur 37, 357-369.
39. Escher, B.G., 1933a. On a classification of central eruptions according to gas pressure of the magma and viscosity of the lava. Leidsche Geol. Med. 6, 45-49.
40. Escher, B.G., 1933b. On the character of the Merapi eruption in Central Java. Leidsche Geol. Med. 6, 51-58.
41. Francis, P., 1993. Volcanoes, a Planetary Perspective. Clarendon Press, Oxford.
42. Gerlach, T.M., Westrich, H.R., Casadevall, T.J., Finnegan, C.L., 1994. Vapor saturation and accumulation in magmas of the 1989-90 eruption of Redoubt volcano, Alaska. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 62, 317-337.
43. Grandjean, J.B., 1931a. Korte Mededeeling over de uitbarsting van den Merapi op 18 December 1930. Mijningingenieur 12 (12), 4-6.
44. Grandjean, J.B., 1931b. De uitbartsting van den Merapi in 1930. Mijningenieur 12 (4), 47.
45. Grandjean, J.B., 1931c. Bijdrage tot de kennis der Gloedwolken van den Merapi van Midden-Java. Mijningingenieur 12 (12), 20-25.
46. Hadikusumo, D., 1969. Preliminary Report on the Mt. Merapi Volcanic Eruption, Indonesia, 7 January 1969. Smithsonian Institution Center for Short-lived Phenomena, 6 pp.
47. Hammer, J.E., Cashman, K.V., Voight, B., 2000. Magmatic processes revealed by textural and compositional trends in Merapi dome lavas. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 100, 165-192.
48. Hartmann, M.A., 1933. Bijdrage tot de kennis van gassen, sublimatie-en inkrustatieproduckten en thermale wateren in de ladoe's. Vulkanol. en Seismol. Med. 12, 117-131.
49. Hartmann, M.A., 1934a. Der Grosse Ausbruch des Vulkanes G, Merapi Mittel Java im Jahre. Natuurk. Tijdschr. v. Nederl. Indië. 94 (3), 189-209.
50. Hartmann, M., 1934b. Die Vulkanische Tätigkeit des Merapi Vulkanes (Mittel Java) in seinem östlichen Gipfelgebiete zwischen 1902 und 1908. De Ingenieur in Nederlandsch Indië, IV. Mijnbouw en Geologie 1ste Jaargang (5), 62-73.
51. Hartmann, M.A., 1935a. Die Ausbrüche des G. Merapi (MittelJava) bis zum Jahre 1883. Neues Jahrb. für Mineral. 75, 127-162.
52. Hartmann, M.A., 1935b. Die grosse Ausbrüchsperiode des Merapi im 2. Halbjahr 1935. Z. Vulkanol. 16, 199-205.
53. Hartmann, M.A., 1936. Die Lavadomgebilde des Merapi (M.J.) nach dem Grossen Ausbruch im Jahre. Z. Vulkanol. 16, 248-258.
54. Hidayat, D., Voight, B., Langsten, C., Ratdomopurbo, A., 2000. Broadband experiment at Merapi Volcano, Java: Deformation pulses embedded in multiphase and low frequency earthquakes. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res 100, 215-231.
55. Jaupart, C., Allegre, C.J., 1991. Gas content, eruption rate and instabilities of eruption regime in silicic volcanoes. Earth Plan. Sci. Lett. 102, 413-429.
56. Jousset, P., Dwipa, S., Beauducel, F., Duquesnoy, T., Diament, M., 2000. Temporal gravity at Merapi during the 1993-1995 crisis: an insight into the dynamical behavior of volcanoes. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res 100, 289-320.
57. Junghuhn, F.W., 1853-54. Java, deszelfs gedaante, Bekleeding en Inwendige Structuur. 2nd ed, Uitgave C.W. Mieling, s'Gravenhage, pp. 417-465.
58. Kemmerling, G.L.L., 1921. De Hernieuwde werking van den vulkaan G. Merapi (Midden Java) van begin Augustus 1920 tot en met einde Februari 1921. Vulkanol. Med. 3, 1-30.
59. Kemmerling, G.L.L., 1931. Beshouwingen over de hernieuwde werking van den Merapi der Vorstenlanden van December 1930. Tijdschr. Kon. Ned. Aarddr. Genoot. 48 (2), 712-743.
60. Keppler, H., 1999. Experimental evidence for the source of excess sulfur in explosive volcanic eruptions. Science 284, 1652-1654.
61. Kress, V., 1997. Magma mixing as a source for Pinatubo sulfur. Nature 389, 591-593.
62. Kusumadinata, K., 1979. Data Dasar Gunungapi Indonesia. Volcanological Survey of Indonesia, Bandung, pp. 250-280.
63. Lacroix, A., 1904. La Montagne Pelée et ses éruptions, Masson et Cie, Paris 662 pp.
64. Lacroix, A., 1930. Remarques sur les matériaux de projection des volcans et sur la genese des roches pyroclastiques qu'ils constituent, Livre Jubilaire Soc. Geol. Fr. 1830-1930, Tome II, pp. 431-472.
65. Lavigne, F., Thouret, J.-C., Voight, B., Young, K., LaHusen, R., Sumaryono, A., Suwa, H., 2000a. Instrumental lahar monitoring at Merapi Volcano, Central Java, Indonesia. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 100, 457-478.
66. Lavigne, F., Thouret, J.-C., Voight, B., Suwa, H., Sumaryono, A., 2000b. Overview of lahars at Merapi Volcano, Central Java Indonesia. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 100, 423-456.
67. LeGuern, F., Bernard, A., 1982. A new method for sampling and analyzing volcanic sublimates, Application to Merapi volcano Java. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 12, 133-146.
68. LeGuern, F., Gerlach, T., Noll, A., 1982. Field gas chromatograph analyses of gases from a glowing dome at Merapi volcano Java Indonesia, 1977, 1978, 1979. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 14, 223-245.
69. Macdonald, G.A., 1972. Volcanoes, Prentice-Hall, New York, 510 pp.
70. Minakami, T., Miyazaki, T., Surjo, I., 1969. Topographical change in the area near the summit of Mt. Merapi and its geothermal survey. Bull. Earthq. Res. Inst. 47, 951-967.
71. Neumann van Padang, M., 1931. Der Ausbruch des Merapi (Mittel Java) im Jahre 1930. Z. Vulkanol. 14, 135-148.
72. Neumann van Padang, M., 1933. De uitbarsting van den Merapi (Midden Java) in de jaren 1930-1931. Vulkanol. en Seismol. Med. 12, 1-116.
73. Neumann van Padang, M., 1936. Die Tätigkeit des Merapi-Vulkans (Mittel Java) in den Jahren 1883-1888. Z. Vulkanol. 17, 93-113.
74. Neumann van Padang, M., 1951. Indonesia, Part I, Catalogue of the active volcanoes of the world including solfatara fields. Int. Volcanol. Assoc., Napoli (Part 6.3-25, Merapi).
75. Neumann van Padang, M., 1960. Measures taken by the authorities of the volcanological Survey to safeguard the population from the consequences of volcanic outbursts. Bull. Volcanol. 23, 181-192.
76. Neumann van Padang, M., 1963. The temperatures in the crater region of some Indonesian volcanoes before the eruption. Bull. Volcanol. 26, 319-336.
77. Neumann van Padang, M., 1983. History of volcanology in the East Indies. Scripta Geol. 71, 1-76.
78. Newhall, C., Bronto, S., Alloway, B.V., Andreastuti, S., Banks, N.G., Bahar, I., Del Marmol, M.A., Hadisantono, R.D., Holcomb, R.T., McGeehin, J., Miksic, J.N., Rubin, M., Sayudi, S.D., Sukhyar, R., Tilling, R.I., Torley, R., Trimble, D., Wirakusumah, A.D., 2000. 10,000 Years of explosive eruptions at Merapi Volcano, Central Java: Archaeological and modern implications, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 100, 9-50.
79. Perret, F.A., 1937. The Eruption of Mt. Pelée 1929-1932. Carnegie Inst., Washington, Pub. 458, 126 pp.
80. Petroeschevsky, W.A., 1953. Peristiwa Gunung Berapi di Indonesia Selama Masa. 1942 s/d 1948 The Volcanic Activity in Indonesia During the Period 1942-1948. Berila Gunung Berapi, Geological Survey of Indonesia, pp. 9-64.
81. Purbo, M.M., Suryo, I., 1980. Distribution pattern of the Merapi volcanic debris, south central Java. Perpustakaan Direktorat Vulkanologi, pp. 276-291.
82. Ratdomopurbo, A., Poupinet, G., 2000. An overview of the seismicity of Merapi Volcano, 1983-1993. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 100, 193-214.
83. Sayudi, D.S., Sulistiyo, Y., 1994. Variation in the chemical composition of volcanic gases of Merapi Volcano, Central Java, Indonesia. Technical Report, The Fifth Field Workshop on Volcanic Gases in Indonesian Volcanoes. Volcanological Survey of Indonesia, Bandung pp. 65-77.
84. Schmidt, K.G., 1934. Die Schuttströme am Merapi auf Java nach dem Ausbruch von 1930. De Ingenieur in Nederlandsch-Indië, IV, Mijnbouw en Geologie. 1ste Jaargang (7), 91-120; (8) 123-134; (9) 143-172.
85. Schmidt, K.G., 1934. Die Schuttströme am Merapi auf Java nach dem Ausbruch von 1930. De Ingenieur in Nederlandsch-Indië, IV, Mijnbouw en Geologie. 1ste Jaargang (7), 91-120; (8) 123-134; (9) 143-172.
86. Schmidt, K.G., 1934. Die Schuttströme am Merapi auf Java nach dem Ausbruch von 1930. De Ingenieur in Nederlandsch-Indië, IV, Mijnbouw en Geologie. 1ste Jaargang (7), 91-120; (8) 123-134; (9) 143-172.
87. SEAN, 1989. The Smithsonian Institution Scientific Event Alert Network (SEAN) 1975-1985. Prentice Hall, New York pp. 199-232.
88. Shelley, I., Voight, B., 1995. Medical effects of nuée ardente eruptions: The November 1994 eruption at Merapi Volcano. Indonesia. Proc. Merapi Decade Volcano Int. Workshop, UNESCO/ Volcanol. Surv. Indonesia, Yogyakarta, p. 9.
89. Shimozuru, D., Miyasaki, T., Gioda, N., Matahelemual, J., 1969. Seismic observation at Merapi Volcano. Bull. Earthq. Res. Inst. 47, 969-990.
90. Simkin, T., Siebert, L., 1994. Volcanoes of the World. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, p. 349.
91. Siswowidjoyo, S., 1984. Evaluasi kegiatan G. Merapi di Jawa Tengah dari tahun 1967 sampai Maret 1984. Sub Direktorat Pengamatan Gunungapi, Direktorat Vulkanologi, Bandung, Maret 1984, 24 pp.
92. Siswowidjoyo, S., Harjowarsito, S.H., 1974. Laporan Penyebaran Bahan Longsoran Kubah Lava G. Merapi Bulan September dan Desember 1973. Dinas Volkanologi, Seksi Pengawasan Gunungapi, 20 pp.
93. Siswowidjoyo, S., Tulus. Djumarma, A., Matahelumual, J., Tjetjep, W.S., Pratomo, I, Bahar, I., Kegiatan G., 1985. Merapi, Jawa Tengah tahun Proc. PIT, 14 Ikatan Ahli Geologi Indonesia, Jakarta 10-11, December 1985, pp. 181-192.
94. Siswowidjoyo, S., Suryo, I., Yokoyama, I., 1995. Magma eruption rates of Merapi volcano, Central Java, Indonesia, during one century (1890-1992). Bull. Volcanol. 57, 111-116.
95. Smith, A.L., Roobol, M.J., 1982. Andesitic Pyroclastic Flows. Andesites, Wiley, New York, pp. 415-433.
96. Sri Sumarti, Suryono 1994. Chemistry model of Merapi Volcano. Technical Report, The Fifth Field Workshop on Volcanic Gases in Indonesian Volcanoes, Volcanological Survey of Indonesia, Bandung pp. 96-111.
97. Stoop, A., 1885. De vulkaan Merapi op Java en November 1884. Natuurk. Tijdschr. Ned. Ind. 44, 177-186.
98. Symonds, R., Rose, W., Reed, M., Lichte, F., Finnegan, D., 1987. Volatilization transport and sublimation of metallic and nonmetallic elements in high-temperature gases at Merapi Volcano, Indonesia. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 51, 2083-2101.
99. Taverne, N.J.M., 1925. G. Merapi in 1924 (Translated title). Natuurk. Tijdschr. V. Nederl. Indië 85, 137-149.
100. Taverne, N.J.M., 1933. De G. Merapi (Midden-Java) in 1922. Vulkanologische Berichten XXI-XXIX, 2-26.
101. Team Merapi, 1984. (Tim Merapi) Laporan Singkat Letusan G. Merapi, 15 Juni 1984, Bahaya Yang Mungkin Mengancam Dan Saran Penanggulangannya, Vole. Survey Indonesia, 18pp.
102. Van Bemmelen, R.W., 1949. The Geology of Indonesia, 1A, Martinus Nijhoff, The Hague, 732 pp.
103. Van Boekhold, F., 1792. Relaas van een togt naar den Brandenden berg op Java, 17/18 juli 1786. Verh. Bataviaasch Genoot. Kunsten Wet. 6, 8-12 (Second ed. in 1827).
104. Van Dijk, P., 1876. Rapport omtrent de aardbevingen, die vooral in Juli 1865 en Oct. 1872 de vlakte van Ambarawa, Eiland Java, hebben geteisterd (Vervolg en slot). Jb. v. h. Mijnw. In Ned. Ind. 5 (1), 73-165.
105. Van Dijk, P., 1876. Rapport omtrent de aardbevingen, die vooral in Juli 1865 en Oct. 1872 de vlakle van Ambarawa, Eiland Java, hebben geteisterd (Vervolg en slot). Jb. v. h. Mijnw. In Ned. Ind. 5 (2), 3-49.
106. Verbeek, R.D.M., Fennema, R., 1896. Geologische beschrijving van Java and Madoera. Two volumes and a folio with maps and sections, Amsterdam, pp. 302-305, 319-322, 347-348, 947, 950, 957.
107. Voight, B., Davis, M.J., 2000. Emplacement temperatures of the November 22, 1994 Nuees artdetes deposites. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 100, 371-377.
108. Voight, B., Young, K.D., Hidayat, D., Subandrio Purbawinata, M.A., Ratdomopurbo, A., Suharna LaHusen, R., Marso, J., Iguchi, M., Ishihara, K., 2000. Deformation and seismic precursors to dome-collapse and fountain-collpase nuees ardentes at Merapi, Volcano, Indonesia, 1994-1998. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 100, 261-287.
109. Wurth, T., 1914 De G. Merapi (December 1904-June 1913). Jaarvsl. Topograph. Dienst Ned. Indïe, Batavia, pp. 160-162.
110. Young, K.D., Voight, B., Sajiman, S., Miswanto, B., Casadevall, T., 2000a. Ground deformation measurements at Merapi Volcano, Indonesia; elecronic distance measurements 1988-1995. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 100, 233-259.
111. Young, K.D., Voight, B., Subandrio, Sajiman, Miswanto, LaHusen, R.W., Marso, J., 2000b. Ground deformation measurements at Merapi Volcano: Tilt monitoring, 1992-1995, in preparation.
112. Zen, M., Suparto, S., Semeru, L., 1980. Type and characteristics of the Merapi eruption (preliminary paper). Bull. Dep. Geol. Inst. Teknik Bandung, Jilid I, 30-34.
113. Zlotnicki, J., Bof, M., 1997. Volcanomagnetic signals associated with quasi-continuous activity of the andesitic Merapi volcano: 1990-1995. Phys. Earth Planet Int. 105, 119-130.