Using sex ratios to estimate what limits reproduction in parasitoids

Ecology Letters

Volumn 3, Issue 4, 2000, Pages 294-299

  West, Stuart A ^a   Rivero, Ana ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Clutch size; Egg limitation; Host limitation; Sex ratio; Trade off

Indexed keywords

ESTIMATION METHOD; LIMITING FACTOR; PARASITOID; REPRODUCTION; SEX RATIO;

EID: 0033885739     PISSN: 1461023X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1046/j.1461-0248.2000.00153.x     Document Type: Article

References (34)

1. Casas, J., Nisbet, R.M., Swarbrick, S. & Murdoch, W.M. (2000). Eggload dynamics and oviposition rate in a wild population of a parasitic wasp. J. Anim. Ecol., 69, 185-193.
2. Gruden, R.W. (1977). Pollen-ovule ratios: a conservative indicator of breeding systems in flowering plants. Evolution, 31, 32-46.
3. Donaldson, J.S. & Walter, G.H. (1991a). Brood sex ratios of the solitary parasitoid wasp, Coccophagus atratus. Ecol. Ent., 16, 25-33.
4. Donaldson, J.S. & Walter, G.H. (1991b). Host population structure affects the field sex ratios of the heteronomous hyperparasitoid, Coccophagus atratus. Ecol. Ent., 16, 35-44.
5. Driessen, G. & Hemerik, L. (1992). The time and egg budget of Leptopilina clavipes, a parasitoid of larval Drosophila. Ecol. Ent., 17, 17-27.
6. Ellers, J. (1998). Life-history evolution in the parasitoid Asobara tabida. on the trade-off between reproduction and survival. PhD dissertation, Leiden.
7. Ellers, J., van Alphen, J.J.M. & Sevenster, J.G. (1998). A field study of size-fitness relationships in the parasitoid Asobara tabida. J. Anim. Ecol., 67, 318-324.
8. Fisher, R.A. (1930). The Genetical Theory of Natural Selection. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
9. Flanagan, K.E., West, S.A. & Godfray, H.C.J. (1998). Local mate competition, variable fecundity and information use in a parasitoid. Anim. Behav., 56, 191-198.
10. Frank, S.A. (1995). Sex allocation in solitary bees and wasps. Am. Nat., 146, 316-323.
11. Godfray, H.C.J. (1994). Parasitoids. Behavioural and Evolutionary Ecology. Princeton University Press, Princeton.
12. Godfray, H.C.J. & Hunter, M.S. (1992). Sex ratios of heteronomous hyperparasitoids: adaptive or nonadaptive? Ecol. Ent., 17, 89-90.
13. Godfray, H.C.J. & Waage, J.K. (1990). The evolution of highly skewed sex ratios in aphelinid wasps. Am. Nat., 136, 715-721.
14. Hamilton, W.D. (1967). Extraordinary sex ratios. Science, 156, 477-488.
15. Hardy, I., Ode, P.J. & Strand, M.R. (1993). Factors influencing brood sex-ratios in polyembryonic hymenoptera. Oecologia, 93, 343-348.
16. Heimpel, G.E., Mangel, M. & Rosenheim, J.A. (1998). Effects of time limitation and egg limitation on lifetime reproductive success of a prasitoid in the field. Am. Nat., 152, 273-289.
17. Herre, E.A. (1987). Optimality, plasticity and selective regime in fig wasp sex ratios. Nature, 329, 627-629.
18. Hunter, M.S. (1993). Sex allocation in a field population of an autoparasitoid. Oecologia, 93, 421-428.
19. Hunter, M.S. & Godfray, H.C.J. (1995). Ecological determinants of sex allocation in an autoparasitoid wasp. J. Anim. Ecol., 64, 95-106.
20. Hunter, M.S. & Wooley, J.B. (in press). Evolution and behavioural ecology of heteronomous aphelinid parasitoids. Ann. Rev. Entomology.
21. Ode, P.J. & Strand, M.R. (1995). Progeny and sex allocation decisions of the polyembryonic wasp Copidosoma Floridanum. J. Anim. Ecol., 64, 213-224.
22. Prokopy, R.J., Roitberg, B.D. & Vargas, R.I. (1994). Effects of egg load on finding and acceptance of host fruit in Ceratitis capitata flies. Physiol. Entomol., 19, 124-132.
23. Read, A.F., Narara, A., Nee, S., Keymer, A.E. & Day, K.P. (1992). Gametocyte sex ratios as indirect measures of outcrossing rates in malaria. Parasitology, 104, 387-395.
24. Roitberg, B.D., Sircom, J., Roitberg, C.A., van Alphen, J.J.M. & Vet, L. (1992). Seasonal dynamic shifts in patch exploitation by parasitic wasps. Behav. Ecol., 3, 156-165.
25. Rosenheim, J.A. (1996). An evolutionary argument for egg limitation. Evolution, 50, 2089-2094.
26. Rosenheim, J.A. (1999). The relative contribution of time and eggs to the cost of reproduction. Evolution, 53, 376-385.
27. Rosenheim, J.A. & Rosen, D. (1991). Foraging and oviposition decisions in the parasitoid Aphytis lingnanensis: distinguishing the influences of egg load and experience. J. Anim. Ecol., 60, 873-893.
28. Rosenheim, J.A., Nonacs, P. & Mangel, M. (1996). Sex ratios and multifaceted parental investment. Am. Nat., 148, 501-535.
29. Sevenster, J.G., Ellers, J. & Driessen, G. (1998). An evolutionary argument for time limitation. Evolution, 52, 1241-1244.
30. West, S.A., Herre, E.A. & Sheldon, B.C. (in press). Recent developments in the study and use of sex allocation. Science.
31. West, S.A., Flanagan, K.E. & Godfray, H.C.J. (1996). The relationship between parasitoid size and fitness in the field, a study of Achrysocharoides zwoelferi (Hymenoptera, Eulophidae). J. Anim. Ecol., 65, 631-639.
32. West, S.A., Flanagan, K.E. & Godfray, H.C.J. (1999). Sex allocation and clutch size in parasitoid wasps that produce single sex broods. Anim. Behav., 57, 265-275.
33. West, S.A., Flanagan, K.E. & Godfray, H.C.J. (submitted). Variable host quality, life-history invariants and the reproductive strategy of a parasitoid wasp that produces single sex broods. Behav. Ecol.
34. West, S.A., Smith, T.G. & Read, A.F. (2000). Sex allocation and population structure in Apicomplexan (Protozoa) parasites. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B, 267, 257-263.