Organization and reorganization of human swallowing motor cortex: Implications for recovery after stroke

Clinical Science

Volumn 99, Issue 2, 2000, Pages 151-157

  Hamdy, Shaheen ^a   Rothwell, John C ^b   Aziz, Q ^a   Thompson, David G ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER   (United Kingdom)

^b MEDICAL RESEARCH COUNCIL   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Brain mapping; Cerebral cortex; Cerebrovascular disorders; Deglutition; Dysphagia; Electromyography; fMRI; Laterality; Magnetism; Neural pathways; Oesophagus; Oro pharynx; PET; Plasticity; Stimulation

Indexed keywords

BRAIN INJURY; DYSPHAGIA; HUMAN; MALNUTRITION; MOTOR CORTEX; NERVE CELL PLASTICITY; POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; STROKE; SWALLOWING;

EID: 0033863028     PISSN: 01435221     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1042/cs0990151     Document Type: Review

References (40)

1. 1 Buonomano, D. V. and Merzenich, M. M. (1998) Cortical plasticity: from synapses to maps. Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 21, 149-186
2. 2 Cohen, L. G., Ziemann, U., Chen, R. G. et al. (1998) Studies of neuroplasticity with transcranial magnetic stimulation. J. Clin. Neurophysiol. 15, 305-324
3. 3 Nudo, R. J. and Milliken, G. W. (1996) Reorganization of movement representations in primary motor cortex following focal ischaemic infarcts in adult squirrel monkeys J. Neurophysiol. 75, 2144-2149
4. 4 Flor, H., Elbert, T., Knecht, S. et al. (1995) Phantom-limb pain as a perceptual correlate of cortical reorganization following arm amputation. Nature (London) 375, 482-484
5. 5 Counsell, C., Warlow, C., Sandercock, P., Fraser, H. and van Gijn, J. (1995) The Cochrane Collaboration Stroke Review Group. Meeting the need for systematic reviews in stroke care. Stroke 26, 498-502
6. 6 Fisher, C. M. (1992) Concerning the mechanism of recovery in stroke hemiplegia. Can. J. Neurol. Sci. 19, 57-63
7. 7 Turton, A., Wroe, S., Trepte, N., Fraser, C. and Lemon, R. N. (1996) Contralateral and ipsilateral EMG responses to transcranial magnetic stimulation during recovery of arm and hand function after stroke. Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol. 101, 316-328
8. 8 Weiller, C., Ramsay, S. C., Wise, R. J., Friston, K. J. and Frackowiak, R. S. (1993) Individual patterns of functional reorganisation in the human cerebral cortex after capsular infarction. Ann. Neurol. 33, 181-189
9. 9 Lee, J. M., Zipfel, G. J. and Choi, D. W. (1999) The changing landscape of ischaemic brain injury mechanims. Nature (London) 399, A7-A14
10. 10 Martin, R. E. and Sessle, B.J. (1993) The role of the cerebral cortex in swallowing. Dysphagia 8, 195-202
11. 11 Miller, A. J. (1982) Deglutition. Physiol. Rev. 62, 129-184
12. 12 Sumi, T. (1969) Some properties of cortically evoked swallowing in rabbits. Brain Res. 15, 107-120
13. 13 Penfield, W. and Boldery, E. (1937) Somatic motor and sensory representation in the cerebral cortex of man as studied by electrical stimulation. Brain 60, 389-443
14. 14 Woolsey, C. N., Erikson, T. C. and Gilson, W. E. (1979) Localization in somatic sensory and motor areas of human cerebral cortex as determined by direct recording of evoked potentials and electrical stimulation. J. Neurosurg. 51, 476-506
15. 15 Gordon, C., Langton Hewer, R. and Wade, D. T. (1987) Dysphagia in acute stroke. Br. Med. J. 295, 411-414
16. 16 Barer, D. H. (1989) The natural history and functional consequences of dysphagia after hemispheric stroke. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 52, 236-24
17. 17 Smithard, D. G., O'Neill, P. A., Park, C. et al. (1996) Complication and outcome after acute stroke. Does dysphagia matter? Stroke 27, 1200-1204
18. 18 Kerr, J. E, Bath, M. J. and Bath, P. M. W. (1999) Interventions for dysphagia in acute stroke (Protocols for a Cochrane Review). In The Cochrane Library, issue 3, Update Software, Oxford
19. 19 Finucane, T. E. and Bynum, J. P. W. (1996) Use of tube feeding to prevent aspiration pneumonia. Lancet 348, 1421-1424
20. 20 Tuch, B. E. and Nielson, J. M. (1941) Apraxia of swallowing. Bull. L. A. Neurol. Semin. 6, 52-54
21. 21 Daniels, S. K. and Foundas, A. L. (1997) The role of the insular cortex in dysphagia. Dysphagia 12, 146-156
22. 22 Robbins, J. and Levine, R. L. (1988) Swallowing after unilateral stroke of the cerebral cortex: preliminary experience. Dysphagia 3, 11-14
23. 23 Meadows, J. (1973) Dysphagia in unilateral cerebral lesions. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 36, 853-860
24. 24 Bastian, H. C. (1898) A Treatise on Aphasia and Other Speech Defects, Lewis, London
25. 25 Kidd, D., Lawson, J., Nesbitt, R. and MacMahon, J. (1995) The natural history and clinical consequences of aspiration in acute stroke. Q. J. Med. 88, 409-413
26. 26 Veis, S. L. and Logemann, J. A. (1985) Swallowing disorders in persons with cerebrovascular accident. Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil. 66, 372-375
27. 27 Robbins, J., Levine, R. L., Maser, A., Rosenbek, J. C. and Kempster, G. B. (1993) Swallowing after unilateral stroke of the cerebral cortex. Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil. 74, 1295-1300
28. 28 Barker, A. T., Jalinous, R. and Freestone, I. L. (1985) Non-invasive magnetic stimulation of the human motor cortex. Lancet i, 1106-1107
29. 29 Rothwell, J. C. (1997) Techniques and mechanisms of action of transcranial stimulation of the human motor cortex. J. Neurosci. Methods 74, 113-122
30. 30 Wassermann, E. M., McShane, L. M., Hallet, M. and Cohen, L. G. (1992) Non-invasive mapping of muscle representation in the human motor cortex. Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol. 85, 1-8
31. 31 Metman, L. V., Bellevich, J. S., Jones, S. M., Barber, M. D. and Streletz, L. J. (1993) Topographic mapping of human motor cortex with transcranial magnetic stimulation: Homunculus revisited. Brain Topogr. 6, 13-19
32. 32 Aziz, Q., Rothwell, J. C., Barlow, J. and Thompson, D. G. (1995) Modulation of esophageal responses to magnetic stimulation of the human brain by swallowing and by vagal stimulation. Gastroenterology 109, 1437-1445
33. 33 Hamdy, S., Aziz, Q., Rothwell, J. C. et al. (1996) The cortical topography of human swallowing musculature in health and disease. Nat. Med. 2, 1217-1224
34. 34 Hamdy, S., Rothwell, J. C., Brooks, D. J., Bailey, D. L., Aziz, Q. and Thompson, D. G. (1999) Identification of the cerebral loci processing human swallowing with H2O15 PET activation. J. Neurophysiol. 81, 1917-1926
35. 35 Hamdy, S., Mikulis, D. J., Crawley, A. et al. (1999) Cortical activation during human volitional swallowing: an event related fMRI study. Am. J. Physiol. 277, G219-G225
36. 36 Zald, D. H. and Pardo, J. V. (1999) The functional neuroanatomy of voluntary swallowing. Ann. Neurol. 46, 281-286
37. 37 Hamdy, S., Aziz, Q., Rothwell, J. C. et al. (1997) Explaining oropharyngeal dysphagia after unilateral hemispheric stroke. Lancet 350, 686-692
38. 38 Hamdy, S., Aziz, Q., Rothwell, J. C. et al. (1998) Recovery of swallowing after dysphagic stroke relates to functional reorganisation in intact motor cortex. Gastroenterology 115, 1104-1112
39. 39 Hamdy, S., Aziz, Q., Rothwell, J. C., Hobson, A., Barlow, J. and Thompson, D. G. (1997) Cranial nerve modulation of human cortical swallowing motor pathways. Am. J. Physiol. 272, G802-G808
40. 40 Hamdy, S., Rothwell, J. C., Aziz, Q., Singh, K. D. and Thompson, D. G. (1998) Long-term reorganisation of human motor cortex driven by short-term sensory stimulation. Nat. Neurosci. 1, 64-68