Contribution of edema and cerebral blood volume to traumatic brain swelling in head-injured patients

Journal of Neurosurgery

Volumn 93, Issue 2, 2000, Pages 183-193

  Marmarou, Anthony ^a,b   Fatouros, Panos P ^a   Barzó, Pal ^a   Portella, Gennarina ^a   Yoshihara, Masaaki ^a   Tsuji, Osamu ^a   Yamamoto, Takuji ^a   Laine, Fred ^a   Signoretti, Stefano ^a   Ward, John D ^a   Bullock, M Ross ^a   Young, Harold F ^a  

^a VIRGINIA COMMONWEALTH UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b VIRGINIA COMMONWEALTH UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

Brain swelling; Traumatic brain edema; Vascular engorgement; Water map

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; BRAIN BLOOD FLOW; BRAIN BLOOD VOLUME; BRAIN EDEMA; BRAIN WATER; COMPUTER ASSISTED TOMOGRAPHY; CONTROLLED STUDY; HEAD INJURY; HUMAN; INTRACRANIAL PRESSURE; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; PRIORITY JOURNAL; TISSUE WATER; WATER CONTENT;

EID: 0033855240     PISSN: 00223085     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3171/jns.2000.93.2.0183     Document Type: Article

References (48)

1. Barzó P, Marmarou A, Fatouros P, et al: Acute blood-brain barrier changes in experimental closed head injury as measured by MRI and Gd-DTPA. Acta Neurochir Suppl 70:243-246, 1997
2. Barzó P, Marmarou A, Fatouros P, et al: Contribution of vasogenic and cellular edema to traumatic brain swelling measured by diffusion-weighted imaging. J Neurosurg 87:900-907, 1997
3. Becker DP, Miller JD, Ward ID, et al: The outcome from severe head injury with early diagnosis and intensive management. J Neurosurg 47:491-502, 1977
4. Bouma GJ, Muizelaar JP: Cerebral blood flow in severe clinical head injury. New Horiz 3:384-394, 1995
5. Bouma GJ, Muizelaar JP, Fatouros P: Pathogenesis of traumatic brain swelling: role of cerebral blood volume. Acta Neurochir Suppl 71:272-275, 1998
6. Bouma GJ, Muizelaar JP, Stringer WA, et al: Ultra-early evaluation of regional cerebral blood flow in severely head-injured patients using xenon-enhanced computerized tomography. J Neurosurg 77:360-368, 1992
7. Bullock R, Maxwell WL, Graham DI, et al: Glial swelling following human cerebral contusion: an ultrastructural study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 54:427-434, 1991
8. DeWitt DS, Fatouros PP, Wist AO, et al: Stable xenon versus radiolabeled microsphere cerebral blood flow measurements in baboons. Stroke 20:1716-1723, 1989
9. Eisenberg HM, Gary HE Jr, Aldrich EF, et al: Initial CT findings in 753 patients with severe head injury. A report from the NIH Traumatic Coma Data Bank. J Neurosurg 73:688-698, 1990
10. Elliott KAC, Jasper H: Measurements of experimentally induced brain swelling and shrinkage. Am J Physiol 157: 122-129, 1949
11. Fatouros PP, Marmarou A: Use of magnetic resonance imaging for in vivo measurements of water content in human brain: method and normal values. J Neurosurg 90:109-115, 1999
12. 1 measurements: effect of total water content, hydration fraction, and field strength. Magn Reson Med 17:402-413, 1991
13. Fatouros PP, Wist AO, Kishore PRS, et al: Xenon/computed tomography cerebral blood flow measurements. Methods and accuracy. Invest Radiol 22:705-712. 1987
14. Ishii S, Hayner R, Kelly WA, et al: Studies of cerebral swelling. II. Experimental cerebral swelling produced by supratentorial extradural compression. J Neurosurg 16:152-166, 1959
15. Ishii S, Yamaguchi M, Sato K, et al: Experimental study on cerebral swelling: changes in the DNP-activated ATPase of mitochondria. Trans Am Neurol Assoc 93:43-46, 1968
16. Ito J, Marmarou A, Barzó P, et al: Characterization of edema by diffusion-weighted imaging in experimental traumatic brain injury. J Neurosurg 84:97-103, 1996
17. Ito U, Reulen HJ, Tomita H, et al: Formation and propagation of brain oedema fluid around human brain metastases. A CT study. Acta Neurochir 90:35-41, 1988
18. Kita H, Marmarou A: The cause of acute brain swelling after the closed head injury in rats. Acta Neurochir Suppl 60:452-455, 1994
19. Klatzo I: Disturbances of the blood-brain barrier in cerebellar disorders. Acta Neuropathol Suppl 8:81-88, 1983
20. Klatzo I: Pathophysiological aspects of brain edema. Acta Neuropathol 72:236-239, 1987
21. Klatzo I: Presidential address. Neuropathological aspects of brain edema. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 26:1-14, 1967
22. Klatzo I, Chui E, Fujiwara K, et al: Resolution of vasogenic brain edema. Adv Neurol 28:359-373, 1980
23. 99mTc-labeled red cells. J Neurosurg 52: 309-320, 1980
24. Langfitt TW: Etiology and management of acute brain swelling. WV Med J 62:49, 1966
25. Langfitt TW, Marshall WJ, Kassell NF, et al: The pathophysiology of brain swelling produced by mechanical trauma and hypertension. Scand J Clin Lab Invest Suppl 102:XIV:B, 1968
26. Langfitt TW, Tannanbaum HM, Kassell NF: The etiology of acute brain swelling following experimental head injury. J Neurosurg 24:47-56, 1966
27. Langfitt TW, Weinstein JD, Kassell NF: Cerebral vasomotor paralysis as a cause of brain swelling. Trans Am Neurol Assoc 89:214-215, 1964
28. Langfitt TW, Weinstein JD, Sklar FH, et al: Contribution of intracranial blood volume to three forms of experimental brain swelling. Johns Hopkins Med J 122:261-270, 1968
29. Marmarou A: Traumatic brain edema: an overview. Acta Neurochir Suppl 60:421-424, 1994
30. Marmarou A, Abd-Elfattah Foda M, van den Brink W, et al: A new model of diffuse brain injury in rats. Part I: Pathophysiology and biomechanics. J Neurosurg 80:291-300, 1994
31. Marmarou A, Shima K: Comparative studies of edema produced by fluid-percussion injury with lateral and central modes of injury in cats. Adv Neurol 52:233-236, 1990
32. Marmarou A, Ward JD, Young HF, et al: Impact of ICP instability and hypotension on outcome in patients with severe head trauma. J Neurosurg 75 (Suppl):S59-S66, 1991
33. Marshall LF, Marshall SB, Klauber MR, et al: The diagnosis of head injury requires a classification based on computed axial tomography. J Neurotrauma 9 (Suppl 1):S287-S292, 1992
34. Marshall LF, Smith RW, Shapiro HM: The outcome with aggressive treatment in severe head injuries. Part I: The significance of intracranial pressure monitoring. J Neurosurg 50: 20-25, 1979
35. Marshall WJS, Jackson JLF, Langfitt TW: Brain swelling caused by trauma and arterial hypertension. Hemodynamic aspects. Ann Neurol 21:545-553, 1969
36. Marshall WJS, Weinstein JD, Langfitt TW: The pathophysiology of brain swelling produced by mechanical trauma and hypertension. Surg Forum 19:431-432, 1968
37. Miller JD, Becker DP, Ward JD, et al: Significance of intracranial hypertension in severe head injury. J Neurosurg 47: 503-516, 1977
38. Miller JD, Butterworth JF, Gudeman SK, et al: Further experience in the management of severe head injury. J Neurosurg 54:289-299, 1981
39. Muizelaar JP, Fatouros PP, Schroder ML: A new method for quantitative regional cerebral blood volume measurements using computed tomography. Stroke 28:1998-2005, 1997
40. Narayan RK, Greenberg RP, Miller JD, et al: Improved confidence of outcome prediction in severe head injury. A comparative analysis of the clinical examination, multimodality evoked potentials, CT scanning, and intracranial pressure. J Neurosurg 54:751-762, 1981
41. Reulen HJ, Tsuyumu M, Prioleau G: Further results concerning the resolution of vasogenic brain edema. Adv Neurol 28: 375-381, 1980
42. Reulen HJ, Tsuyumu M, Tack A, et al: Clearance of edema fluid into cerebrospinal fluid. A mechanism for resolution of vasogenic brain edema. J Neurosurg 48:754-764, 1978
43. Rozsa L, Grote EH, Egan P: Traumatic brain swelling studied by computerized tomography and densitometry. Neurosurg Rev 12:133-140, 1989
44. Schröder ML, Muizelaar JP, Fatouros PP, et al: Regional cerebral blood volume after severe head injury in patients with regional cerebral ischemia. Neurosurgery 42:1276-1281, 1998
45. Teasdale G, Jennett B: Assessment of coma and impaired consciousness. A practical scale. Lancet 2:81-84, 1974
46. Yoshihara M, Bandoh K, Marmarou A: Cerebrovascular carbon dioxide reactivity assessed by intracranial pressure dynamics in severely head injured patients. J Neurosurg 82:386-393, 1995
47. Zimmerman RA, Bilaniuk LT, Bruce D, et al: Computed tomography of pediatric head trauma: acute general cerebral swelling. Radiology 126:403-408, 1978
48. Zimmerman RA, Bilaniuk LT, Genneralli T: Computed tomography of shearing injuries of the cerebral white matter. Radiology 127:393-396, 1978