Granite petrogenesis in the Gander Zone, NE Newfoundland: Mixing of melts from multiple sources and the role of lithospheric delamination

Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences

Volumn 37, Issue 4, 2000, Pages 535-547

  Schofield, David I ^a,b   D'Lemos, Richard S ^a  

^a OXFORD BROOKES UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

^b BRITISH GEOLOGICAL SURVEY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

DELAMINATION; DEVONIAN; GRANITE; LITHOSPHERE; MAGMATISM; MELT; MIXING; PETROGENESIS; SILURIAN;

CANADA;

EID: 0033854744     PISSN: 00084077     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1139/e99-116     Document Type: Article

References (68)

1. Arculus, R.J., and Powell, R. 1986. Source component mixing in the regions of arc magma generation. Journal of Geophysical Research, 91: 5913-5926.
2. Bird, P. 1978. Initiation of intracontinental subduction in the Himalaya. Journal of Geophysical Research, 83: 4975-4987.
3. Blackwood, R.F. 1977. Geology of the east half of the Gambo (2D/16) map area and the Northwest portion of the St. Brendan's (2C/13) map area, Newfoundland. Newfoundland Mineral Development Division, Report 77-5.
4. Blackwood, R.F., and Kennedy, M.J. 1975. The Dover Fault: western boundary of the Avalon Zone in northeastern Newfoundland. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 12: 320-325.
5. Cliff, R.A., Baker, P.E., and Mateer, N.J. 1991. Geochemistry of the Inaccessible Island volcanics. Chemical Geology, 92: 251-260.
6. Cohen, R.S., and O'Nions, R.K. 1982. The lead, neodymium and strontium isotopic structure of ocean ridge basalts. Journal of Petrology, 23: 299-324.
7. Colman-Sadd, S.P., and Swinden, H.S. 1984. A tectonic window in central Newfoundland? Geological evidence that the Appalachian Dunnage Zone may be allochthonous. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 21: 1349-1367.
8. Dalziel, I.W.D., Dalla Salde, L.H., and Gahagen, L.M. 1994. Paleozoic Laurentia-Gondwana interaction and the origin of the Appalachian-Andean mountain system. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 106: 243-252.
9. D'Lemos, R.S., and Holdsworth R.A. 1995. Samarium-neodymium isotopic characteristics of the northeastern Gander Zone, Newfoundland Appalachians. In Current perspectives in the Appalachian-Caledonian Orogen. Edited by J.P. Hibbard, C.R. van Staal, and P.A. Cawood. Geological Association of Canada, Special Paper 41, pp. 239-252.
10. D'Lemos, R.S., and Schofield, D.I. 1997. Deformation enhanced granite extraction, transport and pluton assembly in a transcrustal section, NE Gander Zone, Newfoundland. Geological Association of Canada-Mineralogical Association of Canada, Program with Abstracts, 22, p. A-39.
11. D'Lemos, R.S., Brown, M., and Strachan, R.A. 1992. Granite magma generation, ascent and emplacement within a transpressional orogen. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 149: 487-490.
12. D'Lemos, R.S., Tribe, I.R., and Pembroke, J.W. 1995. Emplacement and construction of Devonian "posttectonic" granites, northeast Newfoundland Appalachians. In Current research. Newfoundland Department of Natural Resources, Geological Survey, Report 95-1, pp. 221-235.
13. D'Lemos, R.S., Schofield, D.I., Holdsworth, R.E., and King, T.K. 1997. Deep crustal and local rheological controls on siting and reactivation of fault and shear zones, northeastern Newfoundland. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 154: 117-121.
14. DePaolo, D.J. 1981. Neodymium isotopes in the Colorado Front Range and crust-mantle evolution in the Proterozoic. Nature (London), 291: 193-196.
15. DePaolo, D.J. 1988. Neodymium isotope geochemistry: an introduction. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
16. DePaolo, D.J., and Wasserburg, G.J. 1976. Nd isotopic variations and petrogenetic models. Geophysical Research Letters, 3: 249-252.
17. Dewey, J.F. 1988. Extensional collapse of orogens. Tectonics, 7: 1123-1140.
18. Dunning, G.R., O'Brien, S.J., Colman-Sadd, S.P., Blackwood, R.F., Dickson, W.L., O'Neill, P.P., and Krogh, T.E. 1990. Silurian orogeny in the Newfoundland Appalachians. Journal of Geology, 98: 895-913.
19. Fryer, B.J., Kerr, A., Jenner, G.A., and Longstaffe, F.J. 1992. Probing the crust with plutons: regional isotopic geochemistry of granitoid intrusions across insular Newfoundland. Newfoundland Department of Mines and Energy, Geological Survey Branch, Report 92-1, pp. 119-140.
20. Greenough, J.D. 1995. Mesozoic rocks; Chapter 6. In Geology of the Appalachian-Caledonian Orogen in Canada and Greenland. Edited by H. Williams. Geological Survey of Canada, Geology of Canada, 6, pp. 567-600.
21. Hamilton, P.J., O'Nions, R.K., Bridgwater, D., and Nutman, A. 1983. Sm-Nd studies of Archean metasediments and metavolcanics from West Greenland and their implications for the Earth's history. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 62: 263-272.
22. Hanmer, S. 1981. Tectonic significance of the northeastern Gander Zone, Newfoundland: an Acadian ductile shear zone. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 18: 120-135.
23. Hémond, C., Devey, C.W., and Chauvel, C. 1994. Source compositions and melting processes in the Society and Austral plumes (South Pacific Ocean): element and isotope (Sr, Nd, Pb, Th) geochemistry. Chemical Geology, 115: 7-45.
24. Herron, M.M. 1988. Geochemical classification of terrigenous sands and shales from core or log data. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 58: 820-829.
25. Hibbard, J. 1994, Kinematics of Acadian deformation in the northern and Newfoundland Appalachians. Journal of Geology, 102: 215-228.
26. Hoffman, A.W. 1997. Mantle geochemistry: the message from oceanic volcanism. Nature (London), 385: 219-228.
27. Holdsworth, R.E. 1994. Structural evolution of the Gander-Avalon terrane boundary: a reactivated transpression zone in the NE Newfoundland Appalachians. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 151: 629-646.
28. Houseman, G.A., McKenzie, D.P., and Molnar, P. 1981. Convective instability of a thickened boundary layer and its relevance for the thermal evolution of continental convergent belts. Journal of Geophysical Research, 86: 6135-6155.
29. Huppert, H., and Sparks, R.S.J. 1988. The generation of granitic magmas by intrusion of basalt into continental crust. Journal of Petrology, 29: 599-624.
30. Irvine, T.N., and Barager, W.R.A. 1971. A guide to the chemical classification of the common volcanic rocks. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 8: 523-548.
31. Jayasinghe, M.R. 1978a. Geology of the Wesleyville (2F/5) map area, Newfoundland. Newfoundland Mineral Development Division, Report 78-5.
32. Jayasinghe, M.R. 1978b. Devonian alkalic basalt dikes of northeastern Newfoundland: evidence of a tensional environment. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 15: 848-853.
33. Kennedy, M.J., and McGonnigal, M.H. 1972. The Gander Lake and Davidsville groups of northeastern Newfoundland: new data and geotectonic implications. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 9: 452-459.
34. Kerr, A., Jenner, G.A., and Fryer, B.J. 1995. Sm-Nd isotopic geochemistry of Precambrian to Paleozoic granitoid suites and the deep-crustal structure of the southeast margin of the Newfoundland Appalachians. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 32: 224-245.
35. King, T.R. 1997. P-T-t-d evolution paths within the Gander Zone, NE Newfoundland. Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, U.K.
36. Langmuir, C.H., Vocke, R.D., Jr., Hanson, G.N., and Hart, S.R. 1978. A general mixing equation with application to Icelandic basalts. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 37: 380-392.
37. Mandeville, L.W.J. 1989. Newfoundland geochronology database. Newfoundland Department of Mines and Energy, Geological Survey Branch, Open File NFLD(1881).
38. Maniar, P.D., and Piccoli, P.M. 1989. Tectonic discrimination of granitoids. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 101: 635-643.
39. Marillier, F., Keen, C.E., Stockmal, G.S., Quinlan, G., Williams, H., Colman-Sadd, S.P., and O'Brien, S.J. 1989. Crustal structure and surface zonation of the Canadian Appalachians: implications of deep seismic reflection data. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 26: 305-321.
40. Michard, A., Montigny, R., and Schlich, R. 1986. Geochemistry of the mantle beneath the Rodriguez triple junction and southeast Indian Ridge. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 78: 104-114.
41. Nakamura, N. 1974. Determination of REE, Ba, Fe, Mg, Na and K in carbonaceous and ordinary chondrites. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 38: 757-775.
42. Nelson, K.D. 1992. Are crustal thickness variations in old mountain belts like the Appalachians a consequence of lithospheric delamination. Geology, 20: 498-502.
43. O'Brien, S.J., Wardle, R.J., and King, A.F. 1983. The Avalon Zone: A Pan-African terrane in the Appalachian Orogen of Canada. Geological Journal, 18: 195-222.
44. O'Brien, B.H., Swinden, H.S., Dunning, G.R., Williams, S.H., and O'Brien, F.H.C. 1997. A Peri-Gondwanan arc-back arc complex in Iapetus: Early-Middle Ordovician evolution of the Exploits Group, Newfoundland. American Journal of Science, 297: 220-272.
45. O'Neill, R.P. 1991. Geology of the Weir's Pond area, Newfoundland. Newfoundland Department of Mines and Energy, Mineral Development Division, Report 91-3.
46. O'Neill, R.P., and Lux, D. 1989. Tectonothermal history and 40Ar/39Ar geochronology of the northeastern Gander Zone, Weir's Pond area. Newfoundland Department of Mines and Energy, Geological Survey Branch, Report 89-1, pp. 131-141.
47. Palancz, Z.A., and Saunders, D. 1986. Coupled trace element and isotope enrichment in the Cook-Austral-Samoa islands, southwest Pacific. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 79: 270-280.
48. Pindell, J., and Dewey, J.F. 1982. Permo-Triassic reconstruction of western Pangea and the evolution of the Gulf of Mexico - Caribbean region. Tectonics, 1: 179-211.
49. Pitcher, W.A. 1983. Granite type and tectonic environment. In Mountain building processes. Edited by K. Hsü. Academic Press, London, pp. 19-40.
50. Quinlan, G.M., Hall, J., Williams, H., Wright, J.A., Colman-Sadd, S.P., O'Brien, S.J., Stockmal, G.S., and Marillier, F. 1992. Lithoprobe onshore seismic reflection transects across the Newfoundland Appalachians. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 29: 1865-1877.
51. Schofield, D.I., and D'Lemos, R.S. 1997. Exhumation and kinematic switching recorded by two syntectonic granites: NE Gander Zone, Newfoundland. Geological Association of Canada-Mineralogical Association of Canada, Program with Abstracts, 22, p. A-132.
52. Schofield, D.I., and D'Lemos, R.S. 1998. Relationships between syntectonic granites and regional P-T-t-d paths: an example from the Gander-Avalon boundary of NE Newfoundland. Journal of Structural Geology, 40: 459-471.
53. Schofield, D., D'Lemos, R., and King, T. 1996. Evidence and implications for the syn-tectonic emplacement of the Cape Freels Granite: a Silurian pluton emplaced into the Gander Lake Subzone, northeast Newfoundland. In Current research. Newfoundland Department of Natural Resources, Geological Survey, Report 96-1, pp. 329-342.
54. Strong, D.F., Dickson, W.L., O'Driscoll, C.F., and Kean, B.F. 1974. Geochemistry of eastern Newfoundland granitoid rocks. Newfoundland Department of Mines and Energy, Mineral Development Division, Report 74-3, pp. 1625-1640.
55. Taylor, S.R., and McClennan, S.M. 1985. The continental crust: its composition and evolution. Blackwell, Oxford, U.K.
56. Tucker, R.D. 1990. Report on U-Pb zircon age determinations from the Middle Ridge, François and Cape Freels granites, Newfoundland. Unpublished Contract report to Newfoundland department of Mines and Energy, Geological Survey Branch.
57. van der Pluijm, B.A., and van Staal, C.R. 1988. Characteristics and evolution of the central mobile belt, Canadian Appalachians. Journal of Geology, 96: 535-547.
58. van Staal, C.R., and de Roo, J.A. 1995. Mid-Paleozoic tectonic evolution of the Appalachian Central Mobile Belt in northern New Brunswick, Canada: collision, extensional collapse and dextral transpression. In Current perspectives in the Appalachian-Caledonian Orogen. Edited by J.P. Hibbard, C.R. van Staal, and P.A. Cawood. Geological Association of Canada, Special Paper 41, pp. 367-389.
59. van Staal, C.R., and Fyffe, L.R. 1991. Dunnage and Gander zones, New Brunswick: Canadian Appalachian region. New Brunswick Natural Resources and Energy, Geoscience Report 91-2.
60. van Staal, C.R., Sullivan, R.W., and Whalen, J.B. 1996. Provenance and tectonic history of the Gander Zone in the Caledonian-Appalachian orogen: implications for the origin and assembly of Avalon. In Avalonian and related peri-Gondwanan terranes of the circum-North Atlantic. Edited by R.D. Nance and M.D. Thompson. Geological Society of America, Special Paper 304, pp. 347-367.
61. von Blanckenburg, F., and Davies, J.H. 1995. Slab breakoff: A model for syncollisional magmatism and tectonics in the Alps. Tectonics, 14: 120-131.
62. Whalen, J.B., Jenner, G.A., Currie, K.L., Barr, S.M., Longstaffe, F.J., and Hegner, E. 1994. Geochemical and isotopic characteristics of granitoids of the Avalon Zone, southern New Brunswick: possible evidence for repeated delamination events. Journal of Geology, 102: 269-282.
63. Whalen, J.B., Jenner, G.A., Longstaffe, F.J., and Hegner, E. 1996a. Nature and evolution of the eastern margin of Iapetus: geochemical and isotopic constraints from Siluro-Devonian granitoid plutons in the New Brunswick Appalachians. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 33: 140-155.
64. Whalen, J.B., Jenner, G.A., Longstaffe, F.J., Gariépy, C., and Robert, F. 1996b. Geochemical and isotopic (Nd, O, Pb and Sr) constraints on A-type granite petrogenesis based on the Topsails igneous suite, Newfoundland Appalachians. Journal of Petrology, 37: 1463-1489.
65. Williams, H. 1964. The Appalachians in northeastern Newfoundland - a two-sided symmetrical system. American Journal of Science, 262: 233-251.
66. Williams, H., Colman-Sadd, S.P., and Swinden, H.S. 1988. Tectonic-stratigraphic subdivisions of central Newfoundland. In Current research, part B. Geological Survey of Canada, Paper 88-1B, pp. 91-98.
67. Williams, H., Piasecki, M.A.J., and Johnston, D. 1991. The Carmanville mélange and Dunnage-Gander relationships in northeast Newfoundland. In Current research, part D, Geological Survey of Canada, Paper 91-1D, pp. 15-23.
68. Winchester, J.A., and Floyd, P.A. 1977. Geochemical discrimination of different magma series and their differentiation products using immobile elements. Chemical Geology, 20: 325-343.