Sanctioning Iraq: A failed policy

Middle East Report

Volumn 30, Issue 215, 2000, Pages

  Graham Brown, Sarah ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

FOREIGN POLICY; HUMANITARIAN AID; SANCTION; SOCIOECONOMIC IMPACT;

IRAQ;

EID: 0033853762     PISSN: 08992851     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2307/1520146     Document Type: Article

References (12)

1. DefenseLINK News, February 23, 1999, 2:15 pm.
2. On March 24, 2000, Russian representative Sergei Lavrov told the Security Council that 144 civilians had died in bombing raids in 1999. Reuters, March 25, 2000. Hans von Sponeck's investigations, conducted by UN officials before von Sponeck left Iraq, yielded the same figure. This number, it should be noted, is lower than various Government of Iraq estimates that have been reported.
3. One of the most definitive studies is found in Gary Clyde Hufbauer, Jeffrey J. Schott and Kimberley Elliott, Economic Sanctions Reconsidered: History and Current Policy, second edition (Washington, DC: Institute for International Economics, 1990).
4. See also David Cortright and George A. Lopez, eds., Economic Sanctions: Panacea or Peace Building in a Post-Cold War World (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1995).
5. UNICEF/Iraqi Ministry of Health, Child and Maternal Mortality Survey 1999, Preliminary Report, Baghdad, July 1999.
6. American Friends Service Committee, Living under Sanctions in Iraq: The Oil-for-Food Program and the Intellectual Embargo (Philadelphia, Revised November 1999).
7. See Susan L. Woodward, "The Use of Sanctions in Former Yugoslavia: Misunderstanding Political Realities" in Cortright and Lopez, pp. 141-151.
8. Michiel Leezenberg, "Iraqi Kurdistan Since the Second Gulf War," in Ethnizitat, Nationalismus, Religion und Politik in Kurdistan, eds. C. Borck, S. Hajo and E. Savelsberg (Munster: LIT Verlag, 1997) [German].
9. House of Commons, International Development Select Committee, Second Report: "The Future of Sanctions," February 10, 2000.
10. For details of the history of oil-for-food proposals, see Sarah Graham-Brown, Sanctioning Saddam: The Politics of Intervention in Iraq (London: I.B. Tauris, 1999), ch. 2.
11. For a discussion of the future of sanctions, see The Humanitarian Policy Group and the Relief and Rehabilitation Network, Overseas Development Institute, "Can Sanctions be Smarter? The Current Debate." Report of a conference held in London, December 16-17, 1998 (London: Overseas Development Institute, May 1999).
12. Quoted in UNICEF, "Questions and Answers for the Iraq Child Mortality Surveys," Baghdad, August 16, 1999.