메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 50, Issue 5, 2000, Pages 338-346

Photoreceptor classes and transmission at the photoreceptor synapse in the retina of the clawed frog, Xenopus laevis

Author keywords

Cone; Horizontal cell; Rod; Synapse; Xenopus

Indexed keywords

CALCIUM;

EID: 0033844246     PISSN: 1059910X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/1097-0029(20000901)50:5<338::AID-JEMT3>3.0.CO;2-I     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (21)

References (74)
  • 1
    • 0008282828 scopus 로고
    • Freeze etching and cytochemistry of vesicles and membrane complexes in synapses of the central nervous system
    • Pappas GD, Purpura DP, editors. New York: Raven Press
    • Akert K, Pfenninger K, Sandri C, Moor H. 1972. Freeze etching and cytochemistry of vesicles and membrane complexes in synapses of the central nervous system. In: Pappas GD, Purpura DP, editors. Structure and function of synapses.New York: Raven Press, p 67-86.
    • (1972) Structure and Function of Synapses , pp. 67-86
    • Akert, K.1    Pfenninger, K.2    Sandri, C.3    Moor, H.4
  • 2
    • 0025829783 scopus 로고
    • Application of a fluorometric method to measure glutamate release from single retinal photoreceptors
    • Ayoub GS, Copenhagen DR. 1991. Application of a fluorometric method to measure glutamate release from single retinal photoreceptors. J Neurosci Methods 37:7-14.
    • (1991) J Neurosci Methods , vol.37 , pp. 7-14
    • Ayoub, G.S.1    Copenhagen, D.R.2
  • 3
    • 0023817868 scopus 로고
    • Regulation of rhythmic photoreceptor metabolism: A role for post-receptoral neurons
    • Besharse JC, Iuvone PM, Pierce ME. 1988. Regulation of rhythmic photoreceptor metabolism: a role for post-receptoral neurons. Prog Retin Res 7:21-61.
    • (1988) Prog Retin Res , vol.7 , pp. 21-61
    • Besharse, J.C.1    Iuvone, P.M.2    Pierce, M.E.3
  • 4
    • 0008024840 scopus 로고
    • Amphibians, their evolutionary history, taxonomy, and ecological adaptations
    • Fite K, editor. New York: Academic Press
    • Blair WF. 1976. Amphibians, their evolutionary history, taxonomy, and ecological adaptations. In: Fite K, editor. The amphibian visual system. New York: Academic Press, p 1-28.
    • (1976) The Amphibian Visual System , pp. 1-28
    • Blair, W.F.1
  • 5
    • 0017350579 scopus 로고
    • The visual pigment and vitamin A of Xenopus laevis embryos, larve and adults
    • Bridges CDB, Hollyfield JG, Witkovsky P, Gallin E. 1977. The visual pigment and vitamin A of Xenopus laevis embryos, larve and adults. Exp Eye Res 24:7-13.
    • (1977) Exp Eye Res , vol.24 , pp. 7-13
    • Bridges, C.D.B.1    Hollyfield, J.G.2    Witkovsky, P.3    Gallin, E.4
  • 6
    • 0026861260 scopus 로고
    • Light-sensitive melatonin synthesis by Xenopus photoreceptors after destruction of the inner retina
    • Cahill GM, Besharse JC. 1992. Light-sensitive melatonin synthesis by Xenopus photoreceptors after destruction of the inner retina. Vis Neurosci 8:487-490.
    • (1992) Vis Neurosci , vol.8 , pp. 487-490
    • Cahill, G.M.1    Besharse, J.C.2
  • 7
    • 0031803995 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sequential genesis and determination of cone and rod photoreceptors in Xenopus
    • Chang WS, Harris WA. 1998. Sequential genesis and determination of cone and rod photoreceptors in Xenopus. J Neurobiol 35: 227-244.
    • (1998) J Neurobiol , vol.35 , pp. 227-244
    • Chang, W.S.1    Harris, W.A.2
  • 8
    • 0018114954 scopus 로고
    • The formation of photoreceptor synapses in the retina of larval Xenopus
    • Chen F, Witkovsky P. 1978. The formation of photoreceptor synapses in the retina of larval Xenopus J Neurocytol 7:721-740.
    • (1978) J Neurocytol , vol.7 , pp. 721-740
    • Chen, F.1    Witkovsky, P.2
  • 9
    • 0016820827 scopus 로고
    • The structural and funcitonal development of the retina in larval Xenopus
    • Chung, SH, Stirling RV, Gaze RM. 1975. The structural and funcitonal development of the retina in larval Xenopus. J Embryol Exp Morphol 33:915-940.
    • (1975) J Embryol Exp Morphol , vol.33 , pp. 915-940
    • Chung, S.H.1    Stirling, R.V.2    Gaze, R.M.3
  • 10
    • 0024423904 scopus 로고
    • Release of endogenous excitatory amino acids from turtle photoreceptors
    • Copenhagen DR, Jahr CE. 1989. Release of endogenous excitatory amino acids from turtle photoreceptors. Nature 341:536-539.
    • (1989) Nature , vol.341 , pp. 536-539
    • Copenhagen, D.R.1    Jahr, C.E.2
  • 11
    • 0021284581 scopus 로고
    • The calcium current in inner segments of rods from the salamander (Ambystoma tigrinum) retina
    • Corey DP, Dubinsky JM, Schwartz EA. 1984. The calcium current in inner segments of rods from the salamander (Ambystoma tigrinum) retina. J Physiol 354:557-575.
    • (1984) J Physiol , vol.354 , pp. 557-575
    • Corey, D.P.1    Dubinsky, J.M.2    Schwartz, E.A.3
  • 12
    • 0015609629 scopus 로고
    • The visual pigment system of Xenopus laevis: Tadpoles and adults
    • Crescitelli F. 1973. The visual pigment system of Xenopus laevis: tadpoles and adults. Vision Res 13:855-865.
    • (1973) Vision Res , vol.13 , pp. 855-865
    • Crescitelli, F.1
  • 13
    • 0024578229 scopus 로고
    • Four cone types characterized by anti-visual pigment antibodies in the pigeon retina
    • Cserhati P, Szel A, Rohlich P. 1989. Four cone types characterized by anti-visual pigment antibodies in the pigeon retina. Invest Ophthal Vis Sci 30:74-81.
    • (1989) Invest Ophthal Vis Sci , vol.30 , pp. 74-81
    • Cserhati, P.1    Szel, A.2    Rohlich, P.3
  • 14
    • 0023854921 scopus 로고
    • γ-aminobutyric acid release from Xenopus retina does not correlate with horizontal cell membrane potential
    • Cunningham J, Neal MJ, Stone S, Witkovsky P. 1988. γ-aminobutyric acid release from Xenopus retina does not correlate with horizontal cell membrane potential. Neuroscience 24:39-48.
    • (1988) Neuroscience , vol.24 , pp. 39-48
    • Cunningham, J.1    Neal, M.J.2    Stone, S.3    Witkovsky, P.4
  • 15
    • 77049168874 scopus 로고
    • A study of the visual pigments of the clawed toad
    • Dartnall HJA. 1954. A study of the visual pigments of the clawed toad. J Physiol 125:25-42.
    • (1954) J Physiol , vol.125 , pp. 25-42
    • Dartnall, H.J.A.1
  • 16
    • 0008267679 scopus 로고
    • Further observations on the visual pigments of the clawed toad, Xenopus laevis
    • Dartnall HJA. 1956. Further observations on the visual pigments of the clawed toad, Xenopus laevis. J Physiol 134:327-338.
    • (1956) J Physiol , vol.134 , pp. 327-338
    • Dartnall, H.J.A.1
  • 17
    • 0002961441 scopus 로고
    • Green-coloured rods and retinal sensitivity
    • Denton EJ, Pirenne MH. 1952. Green-coloured rods and retinal sensitivity. J Physiol 116:33P.
    • (1952) J Physiol , vol.116
    • Denton, E.J.1    Pirenne, M.H.2
  • 18
    • 0001571206 scopus 로고
    • Vitamin A deficiency and night blindness
    • Dowling JE, Wald G. 1958. Vitamin A deficiency and night blindness. Proc Nat Acad Sci 44:648-661.
    • (1958) Proc Nat Acad Sci , vol.44 , pp. 648-661
    • Dowling, J.E.1    Wald, G.2
  • 19
    • 0030803710 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Raid AMPA receptor desensitization in catfish cone horizontal cells
    • Eliasof S, Jahr CE. 1997. Raid AMPA receptor desensitization in catfish cone horizontal cells. Vis Neurosci 14:13-18.
    • (1997) Vis Neurosci , vol.14 , pp. 13-18
    • Eliasof, S.1    Jahr, C.E.2
  • 20
    • 0018219120 scopus 로고
    • Rod sensitivity and visual pigment concentration in Xenopus
    • Engbretson GA, Witkovsky P. 1978. Rod sensitivity and visual pigment concentration in Xenopus. J Gen Physiol 72:801-820.
    • (1978) J Gen Physiol , vol.72 , pp. 801-820
    • Engbretson, G.A.1    Witkovsky, P.2
  • 21
    • 0024577443 scopus 로고
    • Physiological and pharmacologic analysis of suppressive rod-cone interaction in Necturus retina
    • Eysteinsson T, Frumkes TE. 1989. Physiological and pharmacologic analysis of suppressive rod-cone interaction in Necturus retina. J Neurophysiol 61: 866-877.
    • (1989) J Neurophysiol , vol.61 , pp. 866-877
    • Eysteinsson, T.1    Frumkes, T.E.2
  • 22
    • 0022479137 scopus 로고
    • A bioluminescence method for the measurement of L-glutamate: Applications to the study of changes in the release of L-glutamate from lateral geniculate nucleus and superior colliculus after visual cortex ablation in rats
    • Fosse VM, Kolstad J, Fonnum F. 1986. A bioluminescence method for the measurement of L-glutamate: applications to the study of changes in the release of L-glutamate from lateral geniculate nucleus and superior colliculus after visual cortex ablation in rats. J Neurochem 47:340-349.
    • (1986) J Neurochem , vol.47 , pp. 340-349
    • Fosse, V.M.1    Kolstad, J.2    Fonnum, F.3
  • 23
    • 0023224513 scopus 로고
    • Suppressive rod-cone interaction in distal vertebrate retina: Intracellular records from Xenopus and Necturus
    • Frumkes TE, Eysteinsson T. 1987. Suppressive rod-cone interaction in distal vertebrate retina: intracellular records from Xenopus and Necturus. J Neurophysiol 57:1361-1382.
    • (1987) J Neurophysiol , vol.57 , pp. 1361-1382
    • Frumkes, T.E.1    Eysteinsson, T.2
  • 25
    • 0018356662 scopus 로고
    • Photoreceptor coupling in retina of the toad, Bufo marinus I. Anatomy
    • Gold GH, Dowling JE. 1979. Photoreceptor coupling in retina of the toad, Bufo marinus I. Anatomy. J Neurophysiol 42:292-310.
    • (1979) J Neurophysiol , vol.42 , pp. 292-310
    • Gold, G.H.1    Dowling, J.E.2
  • 26
    • 0016332688 scopus 로고
    • Phototactic responses to spectrally dominant stimuli and use of color vision by adult anuran amphibians: A comparative survey
    • Hailman JP, Jaeger RG. 1974. Phototactic responses to spectrally dominant stimuli and use of color vision by adult anuran amphibians: a comparative survey. Anim Behav 22:757-795.
    • (1974) Anim Behav , vol.22 , pp. 757-795
    • Hailman, J.P.1    Jaeger, R.G.2
  • 27
    • 0021089832 scopus 로고
    • Intracellular recording from identified photoreceptors and horizontal cells of the Xenopus retina
    • Hassin G, Witkovsky P. 1983. Intracellular recording from identified photoreceptors and horizontal cells of the Xenopus retina. Vision Res 23:921-931.
    • (1983) Vision Res , vol.23 , pp. 921-931
    • Hassin, G.1    Witkovsky, P.2
  • 28
    • 0016257643 scopus 로고
    • Pigmented retinal epithelium involvement in photoreceptor development and function
    • Hollyfield JG, Witkovsky P. 1974. Pigmented retinal epithelium involvement in photoreceptor development and function. J Exp Zool 189:357-378.
    • (1974) J Exp Zool , vol.189 , pp. 357-378
    • Hollyfield, J.G.1    Witkovsky, P.2
  • 30
    • 0028124487 scopus 로고
    • The effects of L-glutamate, AMPA, quisqualate and kainate on retinal horizontal cells depend on adaptational state: Implications for rod-cone interactions
    • Krizaj D, Akopian A, Witkovsky P. 1994. The effects of L-glutamate, AMPA, quisqualate and kainate on retinal horizontal cells depend on adaptational state: implications for rod-cone interactions. J Neurosci 14:5661-5671.
    • (1994) J Neurosci , vol.14 , pp. 5661-5671
    • Krizaj, D.1    Akopian, A.2    Witkovsky, P.3
  • 31
    • 0032494279 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dopamine D2 receptor-mediated modulation of rod-cone coupling in the Xenopus retina
    • Krizaj D, Gabriel R, Owen WG, Witkovsky P. 1998. Dopamine D2 receptor-mediated modulation of rod-cone coupling in the Xenopus retina. J Comp Neurol 398:529-538.
    • (1998) J Comp Neurol , vol.398 , pp. 529-538
    • Krizaj, D.1    Gabriel, R.2    Owen, W.G.3    Witkovsky, P.4
  • 32
    • 0001360424 scopus 로고
    • Microscpectrophotometry of photoreceptors
    • Autrum H, et al., editor. Berlin: Springer Verlag
    • Liebman PA. 1972. Microscpectrophotometry of photoreceptors. In: Autrum H, et al., editor. Handbook of sensory physiology VII/1 photochemistry of vision. Berlin: Springer Verlag, p 482-528.
    • (1972) Handbook of Sensory Physiology VII/1 Photochemistry of Vision , pp. 482-528
    • Liebman, P.A.1
  • 33
    • 0014311688 scopus 로고
    • Visual pigments of rod and tadpole
    • Liebman PA, Entine G. 1968. Visual pigments of rod and tadpole. Vision Res. 8:761-775.
    • (1968) Vision Res. , vol.8 , pp. 761-775
    • Liebman, P.A.1    Entine, G.2
  • 35
    • 0020644121 scopus 로고
    • Physiological characteristics of single green rod photoreceptors from toad retina
    • Matthews G. 1983. Physiological characteristics of single green rod photoreceptors from toad retina. J Physiol 342:347-359.
    • (1983) J Physiol , vol.342 , pp. 347-359
    • Matthews, G.1
  • 36
    • 0000494964 scopus 로고
    • Microelectrode recordings from the diencephalon of the frog (Rana plpiens), and a blue-sensitive system
    • Muntz WRA. 1962. Microelectrode recordings from the diencephalon of the frog (Rana plpiens), and a blue-sensitive system. J Neurophysiol 25:699-711.
    • (1962) J Neurophysiol , vol.25 , pp. 699-711
    • Muntz, W.R.A.1
  • 37
    • 0019775435 scopus 로고
    • A freeze-fracture study of synaptogenesis in the distal retina of larval Xenopus
    • Nagy AR, Witkovsky P. 1981. A freeze-fracture study of synaptogenesis in the distal retina of larval Xenopus. J Neurocytol 10:897-919.
    • (1981) J Neurocytol , vol.10 , pp. 897-919
    • Nagy, A.R.1    Witkovsky, P.2
  • 39
    • 0025972460 scopus 로고
    • Response properties of cones from the retina of the tiger salamander
    • Perry RJ, McNaughton PA. 1991. Response properties of cones from the retina of the tiger salamander. J Physiol 433:561-587.
    • (1991) J Physiol , vol.433 , pp. 561-587
    • Perry, R.J.1    McNaughton, P.A.2
  • 40
    • 0000364239 scopus 로고
    • Color discrimination mechanisms in the retina of the toad (Bufo bufo)
    • Reuter T, Virtanen K. 1976. Color discrimination mechanisms in the retina of the toad (Bufo bufo). J Comp Physiol 109:337-343.
    • (1976) J Comp Physiol , vol.109 , pp. 337-343
    • Reuter, T.1    Virtanen, K.2
  • 41
    • 0024311053 scopus 로고
    • Immunocytochemical reactivity of Xenopus laevis retinal rods and cones with several monoclonal antibodies to visual pigments
    • Rohlich P, Szel A, Papermaster DS. 1989. Immunocytochemical reactivity of Xenopus laevis retinal rods and cones with several monoclonal antibodies to visual pigments. J Comp Neurol 290:105-117.
    • (1989) J Comp Neurol , vol.290 , pp. 105-117
    • Rohlich, P.1    Szel, A.2    Papermaster, D.S.3
  • 42
    • 0001114413 scopus 로고
    • Rhodopsin measurement and dark-adaptation in a subject deficient in cone vision
    • Rushton WAH. 1961. Rhodopsin measurement and dark-adaptation in a subject deficient in cone vision. J Physiol 156:193-205.
    • (1961) J Physiol , vol.156 , pp. 193-205
    • Rushton, W.A.H.1
  • 43
    • 0002766602 scopus 로고
    • The development of the visual cells
    • Saxen L. 1954. The development of the visual cells. Ann Acad Sci Fenn A 23:1-93.
    • (1954) Ann Acad Sci Fenn A , vol.23 , pp. 1-93
    • Saxen, L.1
  • 44
    • 0030248251 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glutamate release by the intact light-responsive photoreceptor layer of the Xenopus retina
    • Schmitz Y, Witkovsky P. 1996. Glutamate release by the intact light-responsive photoreceptor layer of the Xenopus retina. J Neurosci Methods 68:55-60.
    • (1996) J Neurosci Methods , vol.68 , pp. 55-60
    • Schmitz, Y.1    Witkovsky, P.2
  • 45
    • 0030956093 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dependence of photoreceptor glutamate release on a dihydropyridine-sensitive calcium channel
    • Schmitz Y, Witkovsky P. 1997. Dependence of photoreceptor glutamate release on a dihydropyridine-sensitive calcium channel. Neuroscience 78:1209-1216.
    • (1997) Neuroscience , vol.78 , pp. 1209-1216
    • Schmitz, Y.1    Witkovsky, P.2
  • 46
    • 0022480685 scopus 로고
    • Iontophorectic study of the action of excitatory amino acids on rod horizontal cells of the dogfish retina
    • Shiells RA, Falk G, Naghshineh S. 1986. Iontophorectic study of the action of excitatory amino acids on rod horizontal cells of the dogfish retina. Proc R Soc Lond 227:121-135.
    • (1986) Proc R Soc Lond , vol.227 , pp. 121-135
    • Shiells, R.A.1    Falk, G.2    Naghshineh, S.3
  • 47
    • 0021918490 scopus 로고
    • Identification of a distinct synaptic glutamate receptor on horizontal cells in mudpuppy retina
    • Slaughter MM, Miller RF. 1985. Identification of a distinct synaptic glutamate receptor on horizontal cells in mudpuppy retina. Nature 314:96-97.
    • (1985) Nature , vol.314 , pp. 96-97
    • Slaughter, M.M.1    Miller, R.F.2
  • 48
    • 0023682814 scopus 로고
    • Somatostatin-like immunoreactivity and glycine high-affinity uptake colocalize to an interplexiform cell of the Xenopus laevis retina
    • Smiley JF, Basinger F. 1988. Somatostatin-like immunoreactivity and glycine high-affinity uptake colocalize to an interplexiform cell of the Xenopus laevis retina. J Comp Neurol 274:608-616.
    • (1988) J Comp Neurol , vol.274 , pp. 608-616
    • Smiley, J.F.1    Basinger, F.2
  • 49
    • 0025040369 scopus 로고
    • Glycinergic contacts in the outer plexiform layer of the Xenopus laevis retina characterized by antibodies to glycine, GABA, and glycine receptors
    • Smiley JF, Yazulla S. 1990. Glycinergic contacts in the outer plexiform layer of the Xenopus laevis retina characterized by antibodies to glycine, GABA, and glycine receptors. J Comp Neurol 299:375-388.
    • (1990) J Comp Neurol , vol.299 , pp. 375-388
    • Smiley, J.F.1    Yazulla, S.2
  • 50
    • 0031031146 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activation of transducin by a Xenopus short wavelength visual pigment
    • Starace DM, Knox BE. 1997. Activation of transducin by a Xenopus short wavelength visual pigment. J Biol Chem 272:1095-1100.
    • (1997) J Biol Chem , vol.272 , pp. 1095-1100
    • Starace, D.M.1    Knox, B.E.2
  • 51
    • 0014597952 scopus 로고
    • Rod and cone contributions to S-potentials from cat retina
    • Steinberg RH. 1969. Rod and cone contributions to S-potentials from cat retina. Vision Res 9:1319-1329.
    • (1969) Vision Res , vol.9 , pp. 1319-1329
    • Steinberg, R.H.1
  • 52
    • 0016754962 scopus 로고
    • Goldfish retina; functional polarization of cone horizontal cell dendrites and synapses
    • Stell, WK, Lightfoot DO, Wheeler TG, Leeper HF. 1975. Goldfish retina; functional polarization of cone horizontal cell dendrites and synapses. Science 190:989-990.
    • (1975) Science , vol.190 , pp. 989-990
    • Stell, W.K.1    Lightfoot, D.O.2    Wheeler, T.G.3    Leeper, H.F.4
  • 53
    • 0019846490 scopus 로고
    • Morphology of horizontal cells in the frog retina
    • Stephan P, Weiler R. 1981. Morphology of horizontal cells in the frog retina. Cell Tissue Res 221:443-449.
    • (1981) Cell Tissue Res , vol.221 , pp. 443-449
    • Stephan, P.1    Weiler, R.2
  • 54
    • 0002404629 scopus 로고
    • Colour vision: The approach through increment threshold sensitivity
    • Stiles WS. 1959. Colour vision: the approach through increment threshold sensitivity. Proc Natl Acad Sci 45:100-114.
    • (1959) Proc Natl Acad Sci , vol.45 , pp. 100-114
    • Stiles, W.S.1
  • 55
    • 0021284525 scopus 로고
    • The actions of γ-aminobutyric acid, glycine and their antagonists upon horizontal cells of the Xenopus retina
    • Stone S, Witkovsky P. 1984. The actions of γ-aminobutyric acid, glycine and their antagonists upon horizontal cells of the Xenopus retina. J Physiol 353:249-264.
    • (1984) J Physiol , vol.353 , pp. 249-264
    • Stone, S.1    Witkovsky, P.2
  • 56
    • 0025641676 scopus 로고
    • A chromatic horizontal cell in the Xenopus retina: Intracellular staining and synaptic pharmacology
    • Stone S, Witkovsky P, Schuette M. 1990. A chromatic horizontal cell in the Xenopus retina: intracellular staining and synaptic pharmacology. J Neurophysiol 64:1683-1694.
    • (1990) J Neurophysiol , vol.64 , pp. 1683-1694
    • Stone, S.1    Witkovsky, P.2    Schuette, M.3
  • 57
    • 0022163695 scopus 로고
    • Localization of visual pigment antigens to photoreceptor cells with different oil droplets in the chicken retina
    • Szél A, Röhlich P. 1985. Localization of visual pigment antigens to photoreceptor cells with different oil droplets in the chicken retina. Acta Biol Hung 36:319-324.
    • (1985) Acta Biol Hung , vol.36 , pp. 319-324
    • Szél, A.1    Röhlich, P.2
  • 58
    • 0027336308 scopus 로고
    • Dihydropyridine-sensitive calcium current mediates neurotransmitter release from bipolar cells of the goldfish retina
    • Tachibana M, Okada T, Arimura T, Kobayashi K, Piccolino M. 1993. Dihydropyridine-sensitive calcium current mediates neurotransmitter release from bipolar cells of the goldfish retina. J Neurosci 13:2898-2909.
    • (1993) J Neurosci , vol.13 , pp. 2898-2909
    • Tachibana, M.1    Okada, T.2    Arimura, T.3    Kobayashi, K.4    Piccolino, M.5
  • 59
    • 0033621078 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Photochemistry of the primary event in short-wavelength visual opsins at low temperature
    • Vought BW, Dukkipatti A, Max M, Knox BE, Birge RR. 1999. Photochemistry of the primary event in short-wavelength visual opsins at low temperature. Biochemistry 38:11287-11297.
    • (1999) Biochemistry , vol.38 , pp. 11287-11297
    • Vought, B.W.1    Dukkipatti, A.2    Max, M.3    Knox, B.E.4    Birge, R.R.5
  • 60
    • 0025822368 scopus 로고
    • Functional architecture of the mammalian retina
    • Waessle H, Boycott BB. 1991. Functional architecture of the mammalian retina. Physiol Rev 71: 447-480.
    • (1991) Physiol Rev , vol.71 , pp. 447-480
    • Waessle, H.1    Boycott, B.B.2
  • 62
    • 0008190756 scopus 로고
    • Visual pigments and vitamins A of the clawed toad, Xenopus laevis
    • Wald G. 1955. Visual pigments and vitamins A of the clawed toad, Xenopus laevis. Nature 175:390-394.
    • (1955) Nature , vol.175 , pp. 390-394
    • Wald, G.1
  • 63
    • 0019877916 scopus 로고
    • Synapse formation and modification between distal retinal neurons in larval and juvenile Xenopus
    • Witkovsky P, Powell CC. 1981. Synapse formation and modification between distal retinal neurons in larval and juvenile Xenopus. Proc R Soc Lond B 211:373-389.
    • (1981) Proc R Soc Lond B , vol.211 , pp. 373-389
    • Witkovsky, P.1    Powell, C.C.2
  • 64
    • 0017040040 scopus 로고
    • Photoreceptor threshold and visual pigment levels in normal and vitamin A-depdrived Xenopus tadpoles
    • Witkovsky P. Gallin E, Hollyfield JG, Ripps H, Bridges CDB. 1976. Photoreceptor threshold and visual pigment levels in normal and vitamin A-depdrived Xenopus tadpoles. J Neurophysiol 39:1272-1287.
    • (1976) J Neurophysiol , vol.39 , pp. 1272-1287
    • Witkovsky, P.1    Gallin, E.2    Hollyfield, J.G.3    Ripps, H.4    Bridges, C.D.B.5
  • 65
    • 0018178821 scopus 로고
    • Formation, conversion and utilization of isorhodopsin, rodopsin, and porphyropsin by rod photoreceptors in the Xenopus retina
    • Witkovsky P, Engbretson GA, Ripps H. 1978. Formation, conversion and utilization of isorhodopsin, rodopsin, and porphyropsin by rod photoreceptors in the Xenopus retina. J Gen Physiol 72:821-836.
    • (1978) J Gen Physiol , vol.72 , pp. 821-836
    • Witkovsky, P.1    Engbretson, G.A.2    Ripps, H.3
  • 66
    • 0019433796 scopus 로고
    • A microspectrophotometric study of normal and artificial visual pigments in the photoreceptors of Xenopus laevis
    • Witkovsky P, Levine JS, Engbretson GA, Hassin G, MacNichol EF. 1981a. A microspectrophotometric study of normal and artificial visual pigments in the photoreceptors of Xenopus laevis. Vision Res 32:867-873.
    • (1981) Vision Res , vol.32 , pp. 867-873
    • Witkovsky, P.1    Levine, J.S.2    Engbretson, G.A.3    Hassin, G.4    MacNichol, E.F.5
  • 67
    • 0019455714 scopus 로고
    • Properties of a blue-sensitive rod in the Xenopus retina
    • Witkovsky P, Yang CY, Ripps H. 1981b. Properties of a blue-sensitive rod in the Xenopus retina. Vision Res 21:875-883.
    • (1981) Vision Res , vol.21 , pp. 875-883
    • Witkovsky, P.1    Yang, C.Y.2    Ripps, H.3
  • 68
    • 0023752658 scopus 로고
    • Morphology and synaptic connections of HRP-filled, axon-bearing horizontal cells in the Xenopus retina
    • Witkovsky P, Stone S, Macdonald ED. 1988. Morphology and synaptic connections of HRP-filled, axon-bearing horizontal cells in the Xenopus retina. J Comp Neurol 275:29-38.
    • (1988) J Comp Neurol , vol.275 , pp. 29-38
    • Witkovsky, P.1    Stone, S.2    Macdonald, E.D.3
  • 69
    • 0028899721 scopus 로고
    • Feedback from luminosity horizontal cells mediates depolarizing responses of chromaticity horizontal cells in the Xenopus retina
    • Witkovsky P, Gabriel R, Krizaj D, Akopian A. 1995. Feedback from luminosity horizontal cells mediates depolarizing responses of chromaticity horizontal cells in the Xenopus retina. Proc Natl Acad Sci 92:3556-3560.
    • (1995) Proc Natl Acad Sci , vol.92 , pp. 3556-3560
    • Witkovsky, P.1    Gabriel, R.2    Krizaj, D.3    Akopian, A.4
  • 70
    • 0030775461 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gain of rod to horizontal cell synaptic transfer: Relation to glutamate release and a dihydropyridine-sensitive calcium current
    • Witkovsky P, Schmitz Y, Akopian A, Krizaj D, Tranchina D. 1997. Gain of rod to horizontal cell synaptic transfer: relation to glutamate release and a dihydropyridine-sensitive calcium current. J Neurosci 17:7297-7306.
    • (1997) J Neurosci , vol.17 , pp. 7297-7306
    • Witkovsky, P.1    Schmitz, Y.2    Akopian, A.3    Krizaj, D.4    Tranchina, D.5
  • 71
    • 0021077646 scopus 로고
    • Blue-sensitive rod input to bipolar and ganglion cells of the Xenopus retina
    • Yang CY, Hassin G, Witkovsky P. 1983. Blue-sensitive rod input to bipolar and ganglion cells of the Xenopus retina. Vision Res 23:933-941.
    • (1983) Vision Res , vol.23 , pp. 933-941
    • Yang, C.Y.1    Hassin, G.2    Witkovsky, P.3
  • 72
    • 0032557922 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Postsynaptic responses of horizontal cells in the tiger salamander retina are mediated by AMPA-preferring receptors
    • Yang JH, Maple B, Gao F, Maguire G, Wu SM. 1998. Postsynaptic responses of horizontal cells in the tiger salamander retina are mediated by AMPA-preferring receptors. Brain Res 797:125-134.
    • (1998) Brain Res , vol.797 , pp. 125-134
    • Yang, J.H.1    Maple, B.2    Gao, F.3    Maguire, G.4    Wu, S.M.5
  • 73
    • 85161750475 scopus 로고
    • Modulation of rod-cone coupling by light
    • Yang XL, Wu SM. 1989. Modulation of rod-cone coupling by light. Science 224:52-354.
    • (1989) Science , vol.224 , pp. 52-354
    • Yang, X.L.1    Wu, S.M.2
  • 74
    • 0028535137 scopus 로고
    • Identification of cone classes in Xenopus retina by immunocytochemistry and staining with lectins and vital dyes
    • Zhang J, Kleinschmidt J, Sun P, Witkovsky P. 1994. Identification of cone classes in Xenopus retina by immunocytochemistry and staining with lectins and vital dyes. Vis Neurosci 11:1185-1192.
    • (1994) Vis Neurosci , vol.11 , pp. 1185-1192
    • Zhang, J.1    Kleinschmidt, J.2    Sun, P.3    Witkovsky, P.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.