Psychosocial interventions for individuals with dementia: An integration of theory, therapy, and a clinical understanding of dementia

Clinical Psychology Review

Volumn 20, Issue 6, 2000, Pages 755-782

  Kasl Godley, Julia ^a   Gatz, Margaret ^b  

^a VETERANS AFFAIRS MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CHRONIC BRAIN DISEASE; COGNITION; DEMENTIA; DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY; DISTRESS SYNDROME; INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION; PSYCHODYNAMICS; REVIEW; SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY; SUPPORT GROUP; THEORY;

EID: 0033841950     PISSN: 02727358     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0272-7358(99)00062-8     Document Type: Article

References (133)

1. Akerlund B.M., Norberg A. Group psychotherapy with demented patients. Geriatric Nursing. 7(2):1986;83-84. March/April
2. Reality orientation. A technique to rehabilitate elderly and brain-damaged patients with moderate to severe degree of disorientation:1969;APA Hospital and Community Psychiatric Service, Washington, D.C.
3. Arkin, S. M. (1991). Memory training in early Alzheimer's disease: An optimistic look at the field. The American Journal of Alzheimer's Care and Related Disorders & Research, July/August, 17-25.
4. Aronson M.K., Levin G., Lipkowitz R. A community-based family/patient group program for Alzheimer's disease. The Gerontologist. 24:1984;339-342.
5. Bäckman L. Memory training and memory improvement in Alzheimer's disease. Rules and exceptions Acta Neurologia Scandinavica. Suppl. 139:1992;84-89.
6. Bahro M., Silber E., Sunderland T. How do patients with Alzheimer's disease cope with their illness? A clinical experience report. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. 43:1995;41-46.
7. Baines S., Saxby P., Ehlert K. Reality orientation and reminiscence therapy. A controlled cross-over study of elderly confused people British Journal of Psychiatry. 151:1987;222-231.
8. Baldelli M.V., Pirani A., Motta M., Abati E., Mariani E., Manzi V. Effects of reality orientation therapy on elderly patients in the community. Archives of Geronotology and Geriatrics. 17:1993;211-218.
9. Beck A.T., Rush A.J., Shaw B., Emery G. Cognitive therapy of depression. 1979;Guilford Press, New York.
10. Beck C., Heacock P. Nursing interventions for patients with Alzheimer's Disease. Nursing Clinics of North America. 23:1988;95-124.
11. Beck C., Heacock P., Mercer S., Thatcher R., Sparkman C. The impact of cognitive skills remediation training on persons with Alzheimer's disease or mixed dementia. Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. 21:1988;73-88.
12. Birkett D.P., Boltuch B. Remotivation therapy. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. 21:1973;368-371.
13. Bourgeois M.S. Enhancing conversation skills in patients with Alzheimer's disease using a prosthetic memory aid. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis. 23:1990;29-42.
14. Bourgeois M.S. Evaluating memory wallets in conversations with persons with dementia. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research. 35:1992;1344-1357.
15. Bourgeois M.S. Effects of memory aids on the dyadic conversations of individuals with dementia. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis. 26:1993;77-87.
16. Bourgeois M.S., Mason L.A. Memory wallet intervention in an adult day-care setting. Behavioral Interventions. 11:1996;3-18.
17. Brook P., Degun G., Mather M. Reality orientation, a therapy for psychogeriatric patients. A controlled study British Journal of Psychiatry. 127:1975;42-45.
18. Burgio L.D., Burgio K.L. Behavioral gerontology. Application of behavioral methods to the problems of older adults Journal of Applied Behavioral Analysis. 19:1986;321-328.
19. Burns A. Psychiatric phenomena in dementia of the Alzheimer's type. International Psychogeriatrics. 4(Suppl. 1):1992;43-54.
20. Burns A. Psychiatric and behavioral disturbances in dementia. A review of therapy International Psychogeriatrics. 8(Suppl. 2):1996;201-207.
21. Burnside I. Reminiscence group therapy. Burnside I., Schmidt M.G. Working with older adults. Group process and techniques:1994;163-178 Jones and Bartlett Publishers, Boston.
22. Butler R.N. The life review. An interpretation of reminiscence in the aged Psychiatry. 26:1963;65-76.
23. Butler R.N. Successful aging and the role of the life review. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. 22:1974;529-535.
24. Camp C.J., Foss J.W., O'Hanlon A.M., Stevens A.B. Memory interventions for persons with dementia. Applied Cognitive Psychology. 10:1996;193-210.
25. Camp C.J., Stevens A.B. Spaced-retrieval. A memory intervention for dementia of the Alzheimer's Type (DAT) Clinical Gerontologist. 10:1990;58-61.
26. Campos R.G. Does reality orientation work? Journal of Gerontological Nursing. 10:1984;52-64.
27. Citron R.S., Dixon D.N. Reality orientation. A milieu therapy used in an institution for the aged The Gerontologist. 17:1977;39-43.
28. Cohen, D. (1991). The subjective experience of Alzheimer's disease: The anatomy of an illness as perceived by patients and families. The American Journal of Alzheimer's Care and Related Disorders & Research, May/June, 6-11.
29. Cohen D., Kennedy G., Eisdorfer C. Phases of change in the patient with Alzheimer's dementia. A conceptual dimension for defining health care management Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. 32:1984;11-15.
30. Cohen-Mansfield J., Werner P., Culpepper W.J. III, Wolfson M.A., Bicket E. Wandering and aggression. Carstensen L.L., Edelstein B.A., Dornbrand L. The practical handbook of clinical gerontology. 1996;274-397 SAGE Publications, Thousand Oaks, CA.
31. Cook J.B. Reminiscing. How it can help confused nursing home residents Social Casework: The Journal of Contemporary Social Work. 65:1984;90-93.
32. Cotrell V., Schulz R. The perspective of the patient with Alzheimer's disease. A neglected dimension of dementia research The Gerontologist. 33:1993;205-211.
33. Cummings J.L., Benson D.F. Dementia. A clinical approach Second edition:1992;Butterworth-Heinemann, Boston.
34. David, P. (1991). Effectiveness of group work with the cognitively impaired older adult. The American Journal of Alzheimer's Care and Related Disorders & Research, July/August, 10-16.
35. Davies H.D., Robinson D., Bevill L. Supportive group experience for patients with early-stage Alzheimer's disease. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. 43:1995;1068-1069.
36. Drummond L., Kirchhoff L., Scarbrough D.R. A practical guide to reality orientation. A treatment approach for confusion and disorientation The Gerontologist. 18:1978;568-573.
37. Erikson E. Childhood and society. 1950;Norton, New York.
38. Erikson E. Identity and the life cycle. 1959;International Universities Press, New York.
39. Fisher J.E., Carstensen L.L. Behavior management of the dementias. Clinical Psychology Review. 10:1990;611-629.
40. Floyd M., Scogin F. Effects of memory training on the subjective memory functioning and mental health of older adults. A meta-analysis Psychology and Aging. 12:1997;150-161.
41. Folson J.C. Reality orientation for the elderly mental patient. Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. 1:1968;291-307.
42. Folstein M.F., Folstein S.E., Hugh P.R. Mini mental state. A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for clinicians Journal of Psychiatry Research. 12:1975;189-198.
43. Gerber G.J., Prince P.N., Snider H.G., Atchison K., Dubois L., Kilgour J.A. Group activity with cognitive improvement among patients with Alzheimer's disease. Hospital and Community Psychiatry. 42:1991;843-845.
44. Gilley D.W. Behavioral and affective disturbances in Alzheimer's disease. Parks R.W., Zec R.F., Wilson R.S. Neuropsychology of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias. 1993;112-137 Oxford University Press, New York.
45. Goldfried M.R., Davison G.C. Clinical behavior therapy. 1976;Holt, Rinehart and Winston, San Francisco.
46. Goldstein G., Turner S.M., Holzman A., Kanagy M., Elmore S., Barry K. An evaluation of reality orientation therapy. Journal of Behavioral Assessment. 4:1982;165-178.
47. Goldwasser A.N., Auerbach S.M., Harkins S.W. Cognitive, affective, and behavioral effects of reminiscence group therapy on demented elderly. International Journal of Aging and Human Development. 25:1987;209-222.
48. Greene J.G., Timbury G.C., Smith R., Gardiner M. Reality orientation with elderly patients in the community. An empirical evaluation Age and Aging. 12:1983;38-43.
49. Gwyther L. Managing challenging behaviors at home. Alzheimer Disease and Associated Disorder. 8(Suppl. 3):1994;110-112.
50. Haley W.E. A family-behavioral approach to the treatment of cognitively impaired elderly. The Gerontologist. 23:1983;18-20.
51. Hanley I.G. The use of signposts and active training to modify ward disorientation in elderly patients. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry. 12:1981;241-247.
52. Hanley I.G., Lusty K. Memory aids in reality orientation. A single-case study Behavior Research and Therapy. 22:1984;709-712.
53. Hanley I.G., McGuire R.J., Boyd W.D. Reality orientation and dementia. A controlled trial of two approaches British Journal of Psychiatry. 138:1981;10-14.
54. Harrison C. Personhood, dementia and the integrity of life. Canadian Journal of Aging. 12:1993;428-440.
55. Hausman C. Dynamic psychotherapy with elderly demented patients. Jones G.M., Miesen B.L. Care-giving in dementia. Research and Applications:1992;181-198 Tavistock/Routledge, New York.
56. Hayes S.C., Follette W.C., Follette V.M. Behavior therapy. A contextual approach Gurman A.S., Messer S.B. Essential psychotherapies. Theory and Practice:1995;128-129 The Guildford Press, New York.
57. Head D.M., Portnoy S., Woods R.T. The impact of reminiscence groups in two different settings. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. 5:1990;295-302.
58. Hill R.D., Sheikh J.I., Yesavage J.A. Pretraining enhances mnemonic training in elderly adults. Experimental Aging Research. 14:1989;207-211.
59. Hill R.D., Allen C., McWhorter P. Stories as a mnemonic aid for older learners. Psychology and Aging. 6:1991;484-486.
60. Hill R.D., Allen C., Gregory K. Self-generated mnemonics for enhancing free recall performance in older learners. Experimental Aging Research. 16:1990;141-145.
61. Hill R.D., Storandt M., Simeone C. The effects of memory skills training and incentives on free recall in older learners. Journal of Gerontology. 45:1990;P227-P232.
62. Holden U.P., Sinebruchow A. Reality orientation therapy. Age and Ageing. 7:1978;83-90.
63. Horgas A.L., Wahl H.W., Baltes M.M. Dependency in late life. Carstensen L.L., Edelstein B.A., Dornbrand L. The practical handbook of clinical gerontology. 1996;54-75 SAGE Publications, Thousand Oaks CA.
64. Hussian R.A. Geriatric Psychology. A Behavioral Perspective:1981;Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, San Francisco.
65. Hussian R.A. Modification of behaviors in dementia via stimulus manipulation. Clinical Gerontologist. 8(1):1988;37-43.
66. Jenkinson B. Does reality orientation work? Nursing Times. 88(20):1992;39-40.
67. Johnson C.H., McLaren S.M., McPherson F.M. The comparative effectiveness of three versions of 'classroom' reality orientation. Age and Aging. 10:1981;33-35.
68. Karon B.P., Widner A.J. Psychodynamic therapies in historical perspective. "Nothing human do I consider alien to me." Bongar B., Beutler L.E. Comprehensive textbook of psychotherapy. Theory and Practice:1995;24-47 Oxford University Press, New York.
69. Kiernat J.M. The use of life review activity with confused nursing home residents. The American Journal of Occupational Therapy. 33:1979;306-310.
70. Kitwood T. The dialectics of dementia. With particular reference to Alzheimer's disease Aging and Society. 10:1990;177-196.
71. Kitwood T. Towards a theory of dementia care. The interpersonal process Aging and Society. 13:1993;51-67.
72. Kitwood T., Bredin K. Towards of theory of dementia care. Personhood and well-being Aging and Society. 12:1992;269-287.
73. LaBarge E., Rosenman L.S., Leavitt K., Cristiani T. Counseling clients with mild senile dementia of the Alzheimer's Type. A pilot study Journal of Neurologic Rehabilitation. 2:1988;167-173.
74. LaBarge E., Trtanj F. A support group for people in the early stages of dementia of the Alzheimer's type. Journal of Applied Geronotlogy. 14:1995;289-301.
75. Lachman M.E., Weaver S.L., Bandura M., Elliott E., Lewkowicz C.J. Improving memory and control beliefs through cognitive restructuring and self-generated strategies. Journal of Gerontology. 47:1992;P293-P299.
76. Lazarus L.W. Self psychology and psychotherapy with the elderly. Theory and practice Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. 13:1980;69-88.
77. Lewis, M. I. & Butler, R. N. (1974). Life-review therapy: Putting memories to work in individual and group psychotherapy. Geriatrics, November, 165-173.
78. Lewinsohn P.M., Antonuccio D.O., Steinmetz J.L., Teri L. The coping with depression course. 1984;Castalia Publishing, Eugene, OR.
79. McAfee, M. E., Ruh, P. A., Bell, P. & Martichuski, D. (1989). Including persons with early stage Alzheimer's disease in support groups and strategy planning. The American Journal of Alzheimer's Care and Related Disorders & Research, November/December, 18-22.
80. McGovern R.J., Koss E. The use of behavior modification with the Alzheimer patients. Values and limitations Alzheimer Disease and Associated Disorders. 8(Suppl. 3):1994;82-91.
81. McKitrick L.A., Camp C.J. Relearning the names of things. The spaced-retrieval intervention implemented by a caregiver Clinical Gerontologist. 14(2):1993;60-62.
82. McKitrick L.A., Camp C.J., Black F.W. Prospective memory intervention in Alzheimer's disease. Journal of Gerontology. 47:1992;P337-P343.
83. Metter E.J., Wilson R.S. Vascular dementias. Parks R.W., Zec R.F., Wilson S. Neuropsychology of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias. 1993;416-437 Oxford University Press, New York.
84. Miller E., Morris R. The psychology of dementia. 1993;16-35 John Wiley & Sons, New York.
85. Molinari, V. & Reichlin, R. E. (1984-85). Life review reminiscence in the elderly: A review of the literature. International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 20(2), 81-92.
86. O'Connor D. The impact of dementia. A self psychological perspective Journal of Gerontological Social Work. 20(3/4):1993;113-128.
87. O'Leary K.D., Wilson G.T. Behavior therapy. Application and outcome Second edition:1987;Simon & Schuster, New Jersey.
88. Pinkston E.N., Linsk N.L., Young R.N. Home-based behavioral family treatment of the impaired elderly. Behavior Therapy. 19:1988;331-344.
89. Plaud J.J., Moberg M., Ferraro F.R. A review of Alzheimer's disease and dementia. Applied behavioral assessment and treatment approaches Journal of Clinical Geropsychology. 4:1998;269-300.
90. Powell-Proctor L., Miller E. Reality orientation. A critical appraisal British Journal of Psychiatry. 140:1982;457-463.
91. Quayhagen M.P., Quayhagen M. Differential effects of family-based strategies on Alzheimer's disease. The Gerontologist. 29:1989;150-155.
92. Quayhagen M.P., Quayhagen M., Corbeil R.R., Roth P.A., Rodgers J.A. A dyadic remediation program for care-recipients with dementia. Nursing Research. 44(3):1995;153-159.
93. Reeve W., Ivison D. Use of environmental manipulation and classroom and modified informal reality orientation with institutionalized, confused elderly patients. Age and Aging. 14:1985;119-121.
94. Romaniuk M. Reminiscence and the second half of life. Experimental Aging Research. 7:1981;315-336.
95. Romaniuk M., Romaniuk J.G. Looking back. An analysis of reminiscence functions and triggers Experimental Aging Research. 7:1981;477-489.
96. Sadavoy, J. (1991). Psychodynamic perspectives on Alzheimer's disease and related dementias. The American Journal of Alzheimer's Disease Care and Related Disorders and Research, May/June, 12-12.
97. Sandman C.A. Memory rehabilitation in Alzheimer's disease. Preliminary findings Clinical Gerontologist. 13(4):1993;19-33.
98. Schwenk M.A. Reality orientation for the institutionalized aged. Does it help? The Gerontologist. 19:1979;373-377.
99. Scogin F., Storandt M., Lott L. Memory-skills training, memory complaints, and depression in older adults. Journal of Gerontology. 40:1985;562-568.
100. Seltzer B., Vasterling J.J., Buswell A. Awareness of deficit in Alzheimer's disease. Association with psychiatric symptoms and other disease variables Journal of Clinical Geropsychology. 1:1995;79-87.
101. Smith A.D. Memory. Birren J.E., Schaie K.W. Handbook of the psychology of aging. 1996;236-250 Academic Press, San Diego. Fourth edition (pp.
102. Snyder L., Quayhagen M.P., Shepherd S., Bower D. Supportive seminar groups. An intervention for early stage dementia patients The Gerontologist. 35:1995;691-695.
103. Solomon, K. (1982). The subjective experience of the Alzheimer's patient. Geriatric Consultant, November/December, 22-24.
104. Solomon K., Szwabo P. Psychotherapy for patients with dementia. Morley J.E., Coe R., Strong R., Grossberg G.T. Memory function and aging-related disorders. 1992;295-319 Springer Publishing Company, New York.
105. Stevens A., O'Hanlon A., Camp C. The spaced-retrieval method. A case study Clinical Gerontologist. 13(2):1993;106-109.
106. Storandt M. Other approaches to therapy. Storandt M., Siegler I.C., Elias M.E. The clinical psychology of aging. 1978;277-293 Plenum, New York.
107. Teri L. Depression in Alzheimer's disease. Hersen M., Van Hasselt V.B. Psychological treatment of older adults. An introductory text:1996;209-222 Plenum, New York.
108. Teri L. Behavioral treatment of depression in patients with dementia. Alzheimer's Disease and Associated Disorders. 8(Suppl. 3):1994;66-74.
109. Teri L., Gallagher-Thompson D. Cognitive-behavioral interventions for treatment of depression in Alzheimer's patients. The Gerontologist. 31:1991;413-416.
110. Teri L., Logsdon R.G., Uomoto J., McCurry S.M. Behavioral treatment of depression in dementia patients. A controlled clinical trial Journal of Gerontology: Psychological Sciences. 52:1997;159-166.
111. Teri L., Rabins P., Whitehouse P., Berg L., Reisberg B., Sunderland T., Eichelman B., Creighton P. Management of behavior disturbance in Alzheimer disease. Current knowledge and future directions Alzheimer Disease and Associated Disorders. 6:1992;77-88.
112. Teri L., Uomoto J. Reducing excess disability in dementia patients. Training caregivers to manage patient depression Clinical Gerontologist. 10(4):1991;49-63.
113. Thompson L.W., Wagner B., Zeiss A., Gallagher D. Cognitive/behavioral therapy with early stage Alzheimer's patients. An exploratory view of the utility of this approach Light E., Lebowtiz B.D. Alzheimer's disease treatment and family stress. Directions for research:1989;383-397 U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Maryland.
114. Toseland R.W. Group work with the elderly and family caregivers. 1995;Springer Publishing Company, Inc, New York.
115. Unterbach D. An ego function analysis for working with dementia clients. Journal of Gerontological Social Work. 22(3/4):1994;83-94.
116. Verhaeghen P., Marcoen A., Goossens L. Improving memory performance in the aged through mnemonic training. A meta-analytic study Psychology and Aging. 7:1992;242-251.
117. Verhey F.R.J., Ponds R.W.H.M., Rozendaal N., Jolles J. Depression, insight, and personality changes in Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia. Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology. 8:1995;23-27.
118. Wisner E., Green M. Treatment of a demented patient's anger with cognitive-behavioral strategies. Psychological Reports. 59:1986;447-450.
119. Williams E.M. Reality orientation groups. Burnside I., Schmidt M.G. Working with older adults. Group process and techniques:1994;139-152 Jones and Bartlett Publishers, Boston.
120. Williams R., Reeve W., Ivison D., Kavanagh D. Use of environmental manipulation and modified informal reality orientation with institutionalized, confused elderly subjects. A replication Age and Aging. 16:1987;315-318.
121. Wolitzky D.L. The theory and practice of traditional psychoanalytic psychotherapy. Gurman A.S., Messer S.B. Essential psychotherapies. Theory and Practice:1995;12-54 The Guildford Press, New York.
122. Woods B. Reality orientation and staff attention. A controlled study British Journal of Psychiatry. 134:1979;502-507.
123. Woods B. What can be learned from studies on reality orientation? Jones G.M.M., Miesen B.L. Care-giving in dementia. Research and applications:1992;121-136 Tavistock/Routledge, New York.
124. Woods B. Management of memory impairment in older people with dementia. International Review of Psychiatry. 6:1994;153-161.
125. Woods B., Portnoy S., Head D., Jones G. Reminiscence and life review with persons with dementia. Which way forward? Jones G.M.M., Miesen B.M.L. Care-giving in dementia. Research and applications:1992;137-161 Tavistock/Routledge, New York.
126. Yale R. Support groups for newly diagnosed Alzheimer's clients. Clinical Gerontologist. 8(3):1989;86-89.
127. Yale R. A guide to facilitating support groups for newly diagnosed Alzheimer's patients. 1991;Alzheimer's Association, Greater San Francisco Bay Area Chapter, Los Altos.
128. Yale R. Early stage Alzheimer's patient support groups. Research, practice and training materials:1994;Special Projects Press, San Francisco, California.
129. Yale R. Developing support groups for individuals with early-stage Alzheimer's Disease. Planning, implementation, and evaluation:1995;Health Professions Press, Baltimore.
130. Yesavage J.A., Brink T.L., Rose T.L., Lum O., Huang V., Adey M., Leirer V.O. Development and validation of a geriatric depression screening scale. A preliminary report Journal of Psychiatric Research. 17:1983;37-49.
131. Zanetti O., Frisoni G.B., De Leo D., Dello Buono M., Bianchetti A., Trabucchi M. Reality orientation therapy in Alzheimer's disease. Useful or not? A controlled study Alzheimer's Disease and Associated Disorders. 9:1995;132-138.
132. Zarit S.H., Zarit J.M., Reever K.E. Memory training for severe memory loss. Effects on senile dementia patients and their families The Gerontologist. 22:1982;373-377.
133. Zec R.F. Neuropsychological functioning in Alzheimer's disease. Parks R.W., Zec R.F., Wilson R.S. Neuropsychology of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias. 1993;3-80 Oxford University Press, New York.