Recent advances in the understanding of the syntheses, structures, bonding and energetics of the homopolyatomic cations of Groups 16 and 17

Coordination Chemistry Reviews

Volumn 197, Issue 1, 2000, Pages 397-481

  Brownridge, S ^a   Krossing, I ^a,c   Passmore, J ^a   Jenkins, H D B ^b   Roobottom, H K ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NEW BRUNSWICK   (Canada)

^b UNIVERSITY OF WARWICK   (United Kingdom)

^c UNIVERSITY OF KARLSRUHE   (Germany)

Author keywords

Fluoride ion affinities; Homopolyatomic cations; Thermodynamics; Wade Mingos clusters

Indexed keywords

ALUMINUM CHLORIDE; ANTIMONY DERIVATIVE; ARSENIC DERIVATIVE; BROMINE; CHALCOGEN; CHLORIDE ION; FLUORIDE; FLUORINE DERIVATIVE; HALOGEN; LIGAND; METAL ION; POLYCATION; POLYMER; SELENIUM; TELLURIUM;

ATOM; CHEMICAL REACTION KINETICS; CHEMICAL STRUCTURE; ENERGY TRANSFER; MOLECULAR DYNAMICS; OXIDATION; REVIEW; SYNTHESIS; THERMODYNAMICS;

EID: 0033833185     PISSN: 00108545     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0010-8545(00)00230-7     Document Type: Review

References (271)

1. (a) C.F. Bucholz, Gehlen's Neues J. Chem. 3 (1804) 7.
2. (b) G. Magnus, Ann. Phys. Leipzig 10 (1827) 491; ibid. 14 (1828) 328.
3. (b) G. Magnus, Ann. Phys. Leipzig 10 (1827) 491; ibid. 14 (1828) 328.
4. (c) J.W. Meller, Comprehensive Treaties on Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, vol. 10, Longmans, Green, New York, 1930, p. 922.
5. (d) M.H. Klaproth, Phil. Mag. 1 (1798) 78.
6. (e) J. Arotsky, M.C.R. Symons, Q. Rev. Chem. Soc. 16 (1962) 282 and references therein.
7. (a) R. Weber, J. Prakt. Chem. 133 (1882) 218.
8. (b) I. Masson, C. Argument, J. Chem. Soc. (1938) 1705.
9. R.A. Garrett, R.J. Gillespie, J.B. Senior, Inorg. Chem. 4 (1965) 563.
10. (a) N. Bartlett, D.H. Lohmann, J. Chem. Soc. (1962) 5253.
11. (b) N. Bartlett, D.H. Lohmann, Proc. Chem. Soc. Lond. (1962) 115.
12. N. Bartlett, Proc. Chem. Soc. (1962) 218.
13. (a) R.J. Gillespie, J. Passmore, Ace. Chem. Res. 4 (1971) 413.
14. (b) R.J. Gillespie, M.J. Morton, J. Chem. Soc. Q. Rev. (1971) 553.
15. (c) R.J. Gillespie, J. Passmore, Chem. Ber. 8 (1972) 475.
16. (d) R.J. Gillespie, M.J. Morton, Inorg. Chem. Series 1, MPT International Review of Science, vol. 3, Butterworth, Baltimore, 1972, p. 199.
17. (e) R.J. Gillespie, J. Passmore, Adv. Inorg. Chem. Radiochem. 17 (1975) 49.
18. (f) R.J. Gillespie, J. Chem. Soc. Rev. 8 (1979) 315.
19. J.D. Corbett, Prog. Inorg. Chem. 21 (1976) 129.
20. J. Shamir, Struct. Bonding 37 (1979) 141.
21. R. Steudel, E.-M. Strauss, Adv. Inorg. Chem. Radiochem. 28 (1984) 135.
22. (a) T.A. O'Donnell, Chem. Soc. Rev. 16 (1987) 1.
23. (b) T.A. O'Donnell, Superacids and Acidic Melts as Inorganic Chemical Reaction Media, VCH, New York, 1993.
24. N. Burford, J. Passmore, J.C.P. Sanders, in: J.F. Liebman, A. Greenberg (eds.), From Atoms to Polymers, Isoelectronic Analogies, 1989, p. 53 and references therein.
25. I.C. Tornieporth-Oetting, T.M. Klapötke, Heteroatom. Chem. 4 (1993) 543.
26. (a) J. Beck, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 33 (1994) 163.
27. (b) J. Beck, Coord. Chem. Rev. 163 (1997) 55.
28. J. Passmore, The chemistry of inorganic ring systems in: R. Steudel (ed.), Studies in Inorganic Chemistry, vol. 14, 1992, pp. 373-406, Chapter 19.
29. (a) H.K. Roobottom, H.D.B. Jenkins, J. Passmore, L. Glasser, J. Chem. Ed. 76 (1999) 1570.
30. (b) H.D.B. Jenkins, H.K. Roobottom, J. Passmore, L. Glasser, Inorg. Chem. 38 (1999) 3609.
31. (c) H.D.B. Jenkins, H.K. Roobottom, J. Passmore, Acc. Chem. Res., to be submitted.
32. T.S. Cameron, R.J. Deeth, I. Dionne, H.D.B. Jenkins, I. Krossing, J. Passmore, H.K. Roobottom, Inorg. Chem. 2000 (in press).
33. I. Dionne, J. Passmore, H.D.B. Jenkins, H.K. Roobottom, Inorg. Chem. 2000 (in press).
34. C.J. Marsden, G.E. Quelch, H.F. Schaefer, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 114 (1992) 6802.
35. K. Tanaka, T. Yamabe, H. Terama, K Fukui, Inorg. Chem. 18 (1979) 3591.
36. (a) L.J. Saethre, O. Gropen, Can. J. Chem. 70 (1992) 348.
37. (b) O. Gropen, L.J. Saethre, E. Wilsoff-Nielssen, in: Carbo (ed.), Studies in Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1982, p. 427.
38. J. Kao, J. Mol. Struct. 63 (1980) 293.
39. T.H. Tang, R.F.W. Bader, P.J. McDougall, Inorg. Chem. 24 (1985) 2047.
40. F.L. Skrezenek, R.D. Harcourt, Theor. Chim. Acta 67 (1985) 271.
41. G.V. Landwijk, R.A.J. Janssen, H.M. Buck, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 112 (1990) 4155.
42. M. Sannigrahi, F. Grein, Can. J. Chem. 72 (1994) 298.
43. N.C. Baird, J. Comp. Chem. 5 (1984) 35.
44. T.H. Tang, R.F.W. Bader, P.J. MacDougall, Inorg. Chem. 24 (1985) 2047.
45. J. Cioslowski, X. Gao, Int. J. Quant. Chem. 65 (1997) 609.
46. M. Bühl, W. Thiel, U. Fleischer, W. Kutzelnigg, J. Phys. Chem. 99 (1995) 4000.
47. V.G. Zakrzewski, W. von Niessen, Theor. Chim. Acta 88 (1994) 75.
48. P.D. Lyne, D.M.P. Mingos, T. Ziegler, J. Chem. Soc. Dalton Trans. (1992) 2743.
49. H.D.B. Jenkins, L.C. Jitariu, I. Krossing, J. Passmore, R. Suontamo, J. Comp. Chem. 21 (2000) 218.
50. I. Krossing, J. Passmore, Inorg. Chem. 38 (1999) 5203.
51. J. Thomasi, M. Persico, Chem. Rev. 94 (1994) 2027.
52. I. Krossing, J. Passmore, D. Wood, (in preparation).
53. I. Tomaszkiewicz, J. Passmore, G. Schatte, P.A.G. O'Hare, J. Chem. Therm. 28 (1996) 1019.
54. I. Tomaszkiewicz, J. Passmore, G. Schatte, G.W. Sutherland, P.A.G. O'Hare, J. Chem. Therm. 26 (1994) 299.
55. R.H. Huang, S.Z. Huang, J.L. Dye, J. Coord. Chem. 46 (1998) 13 and references therein.
56. K. Wade, Adv. Inorg. Chem. Radiochem. 18 (1976) 1.
57. D.M.P. Mingos, Ace. Chem. Res. 17 (1984) 311.
58. W. Rudolph, Ace. Chem. Res. 9 (1976) 446.
59. 4, R-C≡C-R, R-C≡N, where R is a variety of fluorinated and nonfluorinated organic ligands, reactions with the halogens etc.
60. (a) M.P. Murchie, J. Passmore, G.W. Sutherland, R. Kapoor, J. Chem. Soc. Dalton Trans. (1992) 503.
61. (b) J. Passmore, G.W. Sutherland, P.S. White, J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun. (1980) 330.
62. J.F. Liebman, H.L. Paige, J. Passmore, Struct. Chem. 9 (1998) 315.
63. (a) R. Lindh, L.A. Barnes, J. Chem. Phys. 100 (1994) 224, and reference therein.
64. (b) L.A. Barnes, R. Lindh, Chem. Phys. Lett. 223 (1994) 207.
65. G.v. Zandwijk, R.A.J. Jansen, H.M. Buck, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 112 (1990) 4155.
66. (a) R.D.W. Kemmitt, M. Murray, V.M. McRae, R.D. Peacock, M.C.R. Symons, T.A. O'Donnell, J. Chem. Soc. A (1968) 862.
67. (b) R.J. Gillespie, M.J. Morton, J. Mol. Spectrosc. 30 (1969) 178.
68. (c) C.G. Davies, R.J. Gillespie, P.R. Ireland, J.M. Sowa, Can. J. Chem. 52 (1974) 2048.
69. (d) W.W. Wilson, R.C. Thompson, F. Aubke, Inorg. Chem. 19 (1980) 1489.
70. (a) J. Passmore, G. Sutherland, P.S. White, Inorg. Chem. 20 (1981) 2169.
71. (b) J. Passmore, P. Taylor, J. Chem. Soc. Dalton Trans. (1976) 804.
72. (a) R.J. Gillespie, R. Kapoor, R. Faggiani, C.J.L. Lock, M.P. Murchie, J. Passmore, J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun. (1983) 8.
73. (b) R. Faggiani, R.J. Gillespie, R. Kapoor, C.J.L. Lock, J.E. Vekris, Inorg. Chem. 27 (1988) 4350.
74. R.J. Gillespie, M.J. Morton, J.B. Milne, Inorg. Chem. 7 (1968) 2221.
75. M. Murchie, University of New Brunswick, PhD thesis, Canada, 1986.
76. A. Apblett, F. Grein, J.P. Johnson, J. Passmore, P.S. White, Inorg. Chem. 25 (1986) 422.
77. J. Passmore, P. Taylor, T.K. Whidden, P.S. White, Can. J. Chem. 57 (1979) 968.
78. A. Smalc, Institute Jozef Stefan, US Rep. R-612, vol. 1, 1972, [chemical abstract: 79:130321, 1973].
79. A. Smalc, Institute Jozef Stefan, US Rep. R-612, vol. 1, 1972, [chemical abstract: 79:130321, 1973].
80. A.J. Edwards, G.R. Jones, J. Chem. Soc. A (1971) 2318.
81. D.K. Padma, R.D. Peacock, J. Fluor. Chem. 17 (1981) 539.
82. (a) O. Glemser, A. Smalc, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 8 (1969) 517.
83. (b) K.O. Christe, R. Bau, D. Zhao, Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. 593 (1991) 46.
84. K. Lee, F. Aubke, Inorg. Chem. 19 (1980) 119.
85. K.C. Lee, F. Aubke, Inorg. Chem. 23 (1984) 2124.
86. H. Hartl, J. Nowicki, R. Minkwitz, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 30 (1991) 328.
87. K.O. Christe, D.A. Dixon, R. Minkwitz, Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. 612 (1992) 51.
88. T. Drews, W. Koch, K Seppelt, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 121 (1999) 4379.
89. R.J. Gillespie, M.J. Morton, Inorg. Chem. 9 (1970) 811.
90. R.J. Gillespie, M.J. Morton, J.M. Sowa, Adv. Raman Spectrosc. 1 (1972) 539.
91. R. Minkwitz, J. Nowicki, H. Hartl, W. Sawodny, Spectrochim. Acta 47A (1991) 1673.
92. M.J. Collins, G. Dénès, R.J. Gillesipe, J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun. (1984) 1296.
93. C. Chung, G.H. Cady, Inorg. Chem. 11 (1972) 2528.
94. (a) D.J. Merryman, P.A. Edwards, J.D. Corbett, R.E. McCarley, J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun. (1972) 779.
95. (b) D.J. Merryman, P.A. Edwards, J.D. Corbett, Inorg. Chem. 14 (1975) 428.
96. (a) J. Passmore, G. Sutherland, P.S. White, J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun. (1980) 330.
97. (b) K Seppelt, Preliminary X-ray crystal structure presented at the RSC-GDCh Conference on Inorganic Chemistry, Brighton, UK, July 1999.
98. (c) M.P. Murchie, J. Passmore, G.W. Sutherland, R. Kapoor, J. Chem. Soc. Dalton Trans. (1992) 503.
99. J. Passmore, G.W. Sutherland, P.S. White, Inorg. Chem. 21 (1982) 2717.
100. R. Faggiani, R.J. Gillespie, J.F. Sawyer, J.E. Vekris, Acta Crystallogr. Sect. C 45 (1989) 1847.
101. (a) R. Minkwitz, J. Nowicki, W. Sawdony, K Haertner, Spectrochim. Acta A 47 (1991) 151.
102. (b) L.-H. Chen, E.M. Nour, J. Laane, J. Raman Specrosc. 14 (1983) 232.
103. (a) J. Barr, R.J. Gillespie, P.K Ummat, J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun. (1970) 264.
104. (b) R.J. Gillespie, J. Passmore, P.K. Ummat, O.D. Vaidya, Inorg. Chem. 10 (1971) 1327.
105. (a) C.G. Davies, R.J. Gillespie, J.J. Park, J. Passmore, Inorg. Chem. 10 (1971) 2781.
106. (b) R.J. Gillespie, J. Passmore, J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun. (1969) 1333.
107. R.C. Burns, R.J. Gillespie, J.F. Sawyer, Inorg. Chem. 19 (1980) 1423.
108. J. Beck, Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. 621 (1995) 131.
109. R. Minkwitz, H. Borrmann, J. Nowicki, Z. Naturforsch. B 46 (1991) 629.
110. G. Cardinal, R.J. Gillespie, J.F. Sawyer, J.E. Vekris, J. Chem. Soc. Dalton Trans. (1982) 765.
111. (a) I.D. Brown, D.B. Crump, R.J. Gillespie, O.P. Santry, Chem. Commun. (1968) 853.
112. (b) I.D. Brown, D.B. Crump, R.J. Gillespie, Inorg. Chem. 10 (1971) 2319.
113. J. Barr, D.B. Crump, R.J. Gillespie, R. Kapoor, P.K. Ummat, Can. J. Chem. 46 (1968) 3607.
114. (a) R.K. McMullen, D.J. Prince, J.D. Corbett, J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun. (1969) 1438.
115. (b) R.K McMullen, D.J. Prince, J.D. Corbett, Inorg. Chem. 10 (1971) 1749.
116. (a) R.C. Burns, M.J. Collins, R.J. Gillespie, G.J. Schrobilgen, Inorg. Chem. 25 (1986) 4465.
117. (b) R.J. Gillespie, P.K. Ummat, Can. J. Chem. 48 (1970) 1239.
118. (a) R.C. Burns, W.-L. Chan, R.J. Gillespie, W.-C. Luk, J.F. Sawyer, D.R. Slim, Inorg. Chem. 19 (1980) 1432.
119. (b) M.J. Collins, R.J. Gillespie, J.F. Sawyer, G.J. Schrobilgen, Acta Crystallogr. Sect. C 42 (1986) 13.
120. J. Beck, A. Fischer, Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. 623 (1997) 780.
121. J. Beck, J. Wetterau, Inorg. Chem. 34 (1995) 6202.
122. J. Beck, Z. Naturforsch. B 45 (1990) 1610.
123. M.J. Collins, R.J. Gillespie, J.W. Kolis, J.F. Sawyer, Acta Crystallogr. Sect. C 43 (1987) 2033.
124. J. Beck, Z. Naturforsch. B 45 (1990) 413.
125. J. Beck, Z. Naturforsch. B 49 (1994) 1159.
126. (a) D.J. Prince, J.D. Corbett, B. Garbisch, Inorg. Chem. 9 (1970) 2731.
127. (b) N.J. Bjerrum, Inorg. Chem. 11 (1972) 2648.
128. (c) T. Couch, D.A. Lokken, J.D. Corbett, Inorg. Chem. 11 (1972) 357.
129. (d) R.C. Burns, R.J. Gillespie, Inorg. Chem. 21 (1982) 3877.
130. J. Beck, G. Bock, Z. Naturforsch. B 51 (1996) 119.
131. J. Beck, K.J. Schlitt, Chem. Ber. 128 (1995) 763.
132. J. Beck, M. Kasper, A. Stankowski, Chem. Ber. 130 (1997) 1189.
133. J. Beck, Chem. Ber. 124 (1991) 677.
134. J. Barr, R.J. Gillespie, G.P. Pez, P.K. Ummat, O.C. Vaidya, Inorg. Chem. 10 (1971) 362.
135. (a) R.J. Gillespie, J. Barr, R. Kapoor, G. Pez, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 90 (1968) 6855.
136. (b) R.J.H. Clarke, T.J. Dines, L.T.H. Ferris, J. Chem. Soc. Dalton Trans. (1982) 2237.
137. P.A.W. Dean, R.J. Gillespie, P.K. Ummat, Inorg. Synth. 15 (1974) 213.
138. J. Beck, G. Bock, Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. 622 (1996) 823.
139. J. Beck, Chem. Ber. 128 (1995) 23.
140. R.C. Burns, R.J. Gillespie, W.-C. Luk, D.R. Slim, Inorg. Chem. 18 (1979) 3086.
141. G.W. Drake, G.L. Schimek, J.W. Kolis, Inorg. Chem. 35 (1996) 1740.
142. J. Beck, G. Bock, Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. 620 (1994) 1971.
143. J. Beck, Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. 619 (1993) 237.
144. J. Beck, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 30 (1991) 1128.
145. J. Beck, K. Muller-Buschbaum, Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. 623 (1997) 409.
146. J. Beck, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 29 (1990) 293.
147. J. Beck, G. Bock, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 34 (1995) 2559.
148. M.J. Collins, R.J. Gillespie, J.F. Sawyer, Acta Crystallogr. Sect. C 44 (1989) 405.
149. R.J. Gillespie, M.J. Morton, J. Mol. Spectrosc. 30 (1969) 178.
150. K. Tanemoto, G. Mamantov, R. Marassi, J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem. 43 (1981) 1779.
151. R.J. Gillespie, J.B. Milne, Chem. Commun. (1966) 158.
152. (a) R.J. Gillespie, K.C. Malhotra, Inorg. Chem. 8 (1969) 1751.
153. (b) S. Brownridge, J. Passmore, G. Schatte, Phosphorous, Sulfur and Selenium and related elements 93 (1994) 483.
154. (c) J. Arotsky, H.C. Mishra, M.C.R. Symons, J. Chem. Soc. (1961) 12.
155. (d) W. Gottardi, Monatsh. Chem. 106 (1975) 1203.
156. (e) A. Bali, K.C. Malhotra, J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem. 38 (1976) 411.
157. R.J. Gillespie, J.B. Milne, Inorg. Chem. 5 (1966) 1577.
158. J. Besida, T.A. O'Donnell, Inorg. Chem. 28 (1989) 1669.
159. (a) J. Arotsky, H.C. Mishra, M.C.R. Symons, J. Chem. Soc. (1962) 2582.
160. (b) F. Aubke, G.H. Cady, Inorg. Chem. 4 (1965) 269.
161. R.J. Gillespie, M.J. Morton, Inorg. Chem. 11 (1972) 586.
162. R.J. Gillespie, M.J. Morton, Chem. Commun. (1968) 1565.
163. W.W. Wilson, J.M. Winfield, F. Aubke, J. Fluor. Chem. 7 (1976) 245.
164. R.S. Eachus, M.C.R. Symons, J. Chem. Soc. Dalton Trans. (1976) 431.
165. R.C. Paul, J.K. Puri, K.C. Malhotra, J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun. (1970) 776.
166. N.J. Bjerrum, Inorg. Chem. 9 (1970) 1965.
167. G.J. Schrobilgen, R.C. Burns, P. Granger, J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun. (1978) 957.
168. C.R. Lassigne, E.J. Wells, J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun. (1978) 956.
169. J. Barr, R.J. Gillespie, R. Kapoor, K.C. Malhotra, Can. J. Chem. 46 (1968) 149.
170. (a) R.J. Gillespie, P.K. Ummat, Inorg. Chem. 11 (1972) 1674.
171. (b) P.J. Stephens, J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun. (1969) 1496.
172. H.S. Low, R.A. Beaudet, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 98 (1976) 3849.
173. A. Bali, K.C. Malhotra, Aust. J. Chem. 28 (1975) 983.
174. W.F. Giggenbach, Chem. Commun. (1970) 852.
175. R. Fehrmann, N.J. Bjerrum, F.W. Poulsen, Inorg. Chem. 17 (1978) 1195.
176. R. Fehrmann, N.J. Bjerrum, Inorg. Chem. 16 (1977) 2089.
177. R. Fehrmann, N.J. Bjerrum, H.A. Andersen, Inorg. Chem. 15 (1976) 2187.
178. R. Faggiani, R.J. Gillespie, J.W. Kolis, K.C. Malhotra, J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Comm. (1987) 591.
179. (a) I. Krossing, J. Passmore, presented at the 12th European Symposium on Fluorine Chemistry, Berlin, Germany, August (September, 1998, Abstract C22).
180. (b) T.S. Cameron, A. Decken, I. Krossing, J. Passmore, Dalton Trans, (submitted).
181. (a) F. Klaibo, W. Petter, F. Hulliger, J. Solid State Chem. 46 (1983) 112.
182. (b) M. Julien-Poazol, S. Jaulmes, F. Alapini, Acta Crystallogr. Sect. B 33 (1977) 2270.
183. +) but bent (one lone pair orbital pair less),
184. (b) J. Passmore, P.S. White, C.-M. Wong, J.C.S. Chem. Commun. (1985) 1178.
185. J.H.J. Collins, R.J. Gillespie, J.F. Sawyer, Inorg. Chem. 26 (1987) 1476.
186. L. Graham, Ph.D. thesis, October 1978, LBL-8088, pp. 54-61 (experimental) and 63-76 (discussion) under supervision of N. Bartlett.
187. (a) R. Steudel, R. Reinhard, F. Schuster, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 16 (1977) 715.
188. (b) R. Steudel, F. Schuster, J. Mol. Struct. (1978) 143.
189. (c) R. Steudel, J. Steidel, J. Pickard, F. Schuster, R. Reinhard, Z. Naturforsch. B 35 (1980) 1378.
190. R. Steudel, Top. Curr. Chem. 102 (1982) 149.
191. At the QCISD(T)/TZ(2p) level of theory.
192. I. Krossing, J. Passmore, unpublished results.
193. P.D. Lyne, D.M.P. Mingos, in: Z.B. Maksic, M. Eckert-Maksic (eds.), An Econium to Linus Pauling-Molecules in Natural Science and Medicine, Ellis Horwood, Chichester, 1992.
194. I. Krossing, J. Passmore, unpublished results at the B3PW91/3-21G* level of theory.
195. 2 = 2.775 Å. The long distance is presumably considerably overestimated leading to a lower dissociation energy, see Ref. [18].
196. P. Cassoux, J.-F. Labarre, O. Glemser, J. Mol. Struct. 13 (1972) 405.
197. R. Steudel, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 10 (1975) 655.
198. (a) J. Passmore, G. Sutherland, T. Whidden, P.S. White, C.-M. Wong, J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Comm. (1982) 1098.
199. (b) W.A.S. Nandana, J. Passmore, P.S. White, C.-M. Wong, Inorg. Chem. 29 (1990) 3529.
200. K. Tanaka, T. Yamabe, H. Teramae, K Fukui, Nouv. J. Chim. 3 (1979) 379.
201. N. Burford, J. Passmore, unpublished results.
202. I.D. Brown, in: M. O'Keefe, A. Navrotsky (eds.), Structure and Bonding in Crystals, vol. 2, Academic, London, 1981, p. 1.
203. For the thorough definition of a bond and ring critical point see: R.F.W. Bader, Ace. Chem. Res. 18 (1985) 9.
204. F. Iwasaki, N. Toyoda, R. Akaishi, H. Fujihara, N. Furukawa, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 61 (1988) 2563.
205. W.A.S. Nandana, J. Passmore, P.S. White, C.-M. Wong, Inorg. Chem. 28 (1989) 3320.
206. A.J. Banister, Nat. Phys. Sci. 239 (1972) 69.
207. It is recognised that this polyhedron is not a deltahedron but possesses one rectangular face (all other faces are triangular). However, it is assumed that there is nearly approximately no energetic difference between this 14 cornered polyhedron and a pure triangularly faced 14 cornered deltahedron.
208. C.G. Davies, R.J. Gillespie, P.R. Ireland, J.M. Sowa, Can. J. Chem. 52 (1974) 2048.
209. J. Passmore, G. Sutherland, T. Whidden, P.S. White, J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun. (1982) 289.
210. M.P. Murchie, J.P. Johnson, J. Passmore, G.W. Sutherland, M. Tajik, T.K. Whidden, P.S. White, F. Grein, Inorg. Chem. 31 (1992) 273.
211. Y. Li, X. Wang, F. Jensen, K.N. Houk, G.A. Olah, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 112 (1990) 3922.
212. J. Li, S. Irle, W.H.E. Schwarz, Inorg. Chem. 35 (1996) 100.
213. Z. Lin, M.B. Hall, Polyhedron 12 (1993) 1499.
214. A.F. Kapustinskii, Q. Rev. 10 (1956) 283.
215. T.E. Mallouk, G.L. Rosenthal, R. Muller, R. Brusasco, N. Bartlett, Inorg. Chem. 23 (1984) 3167.
216. K.O. Christe, D.A. Dixon, D. McLemore, W.W. Wilson, J.A. Sheehy, J.A. Boatz, J. Fluorine Chem. 101 (2000) 151.
217. J.A. Ibers, W.C. Hamilton, J. Chem. Phys. 44 (1966) 1748.
218. -.
219. (a) T. Birchall, P.A.W. Dean, B. Della Valle, R.J. Gillespie, Can. J. Chem. 51 (1973) 667.
220. (b) W.A.S. Nandana, J. Passmore, D.C.N. Swindells, P. Taylor, P.S. White, J.E. Vekris, J. Chem Soc. Dalton Trans. (1983) 619.
221. (c) W.A.S. Nandana, J. Passmore, P. White, J. Chem Soc. Dalton Trans. (1985) 1623.
222. (d) W.A.S. Nandana, J. Passmore, P.S. White, C.-M. Wong, J. Chem. Soc. Dalton Trans. (1987) 1989.
223. J.E. Huheey, E.A. Keiter, R.L. Keiter, Inorganic Chemistry: Principles of Structure and Reactivily, fourth ed., Harper Collins, New York, 1993.
224. J. Passmore, W.A.S. Nandana, E.K. Richardson, P. Taylor, J. Fluor. Chem. 15 (1980) 435.
225. M.W. Schmidt, P.N. Truon, M.S. Gordon, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 109 (1987) 5217.
226. 2+, 1.342 Å.
227. J. Passmore, G.W. Sutherland, P. Taylor, T.K. Whidden, P.S. White, Inorg. Chem. 20 (1981) 2839.
228. J. Berkowitz, C. Lifshitz, J. Chem. Phys. 48 (1968) 4346.
229. J. Berkowitz, W.A. Chupka, J. Chem. Phys. 45 (1966) 4289.
230. 4h symmetry) was fully optimised at the MPW1PW91/3-21G* level of theory and is a true minimum, d(Se-Se) = 2.319 Å. Energies given [MPW1PW91/6-311G(2df)//MPW1PW91/3-21G*] include the zero point energy and are corrected to 298 K.
231. -1.
232. +].
233. +.]
234. Compare wilh the Kapustinskii treatment of the lattice potential energy.
235. J. Passmore, G.W. Sutherland, P.S. White, J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun. (1980) 330.
236. J. Passmore, G.W. Sutherland, T.K. Whidden, P.S. White, C.-M. Wong, Can. J. Chem. 63 (1985) 1209.
237. M.P. Murchie, J. Passmore, G.W. Sutherland, R. Kapoor, J.C.S. Dalton Trans. (1992) 503 and references therein.
238. S. Brownridge, T.S. Cameron, J. Passmore, G. Schatte, T. Way, J. Chem. Soc. Dalton Trans. (1996) 2553 and references therein.
239. T. Klapötke, J. Passmore, Ace. Chem. Res. 22 (1989) 234 references therein.
240. J. Passmore, G. Schatte, personal communication.
241. T.S. Cameron, I. Dionne, H.D.B. Jenkins, S. Parson, J. Passmore, H.K Roobottom, Inorg. Chem. (1999) submitted.
242. I. Krossing, J. Passmore, D. Wood, manuscript in preparation.
243. (a) M.P. Murchie, J.P. Johnson, J. Passmore, G.W. Sutherland, M. Tajik, T.K. Whidden, P.S. White, F. Grein, Inorg. Chem. 31 (1992) 273.
244. (b) R. West, F.G.A. Stone (eds.), Multiply Bonded Main Group Metals and Metalloids, Academic, New York, 1996, and references therein.
245. (a) J. Su, X.-W. Li, R.C. Crittendon, G.H. Robinson, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 119 (1997) 5471.
246. (b) Y. Xie, R.S. Grev, J. Gu, H.F. Schaefer, P.v.R. Schleyer, J. Su, X.-W. Li, G.H. Robinson, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 120 (1998) 3773.
247. (c) P.P. Power, J. Chem. Soc. Dalton Trans. (1998) 2939.
248. N. Burford, J.A.C. Clyburne, M.S.W. Chan, Inorg. Chem. 36 (1997) 3204.
249. R.L. Kuczkowski, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 86 (1964) 3617.
250. S. Brownridge, J. Passmore, unpublished results.
251. (a) A.E. Reed, P.v.R. Schleyer, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 112 (1990) 1424.
252. (b) R.P. Messmer, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 113 (1991) 433.
253. (a) R.J. Gillespie, E.A. Robinson, G.L. Heard, Inorg. Chem. 37 (1998) 6884.
254. (b) X. Zhang, K. Seppelt, Inorg. Chem. 36 (1997) 5689.
255. P. Böttcher, T. Doert, Phosphorus Sulfur Silicon 136-138 (1998) 255.
256. (a) J.P. Johnson, M. Murchie, J. Passmore, M. Tajik, P.S. White, C-M. Wong, Can. J. Chem. 65 (1987) 2744.
257. (b) B.H. Christian, M.J. Collins, R.J. Gillespie, J.F. Sawyer, Inorg. Chem 25 (1986) 777.
258. W.E. Dasent, Nonexistent Compounds, Compounds of Low Stability, Marcel Dekker, New York, 1965.
259. W.E. Latimer, Oxidation Potentials, second ed., Prentice Hall, Engelwood Cliffs, NJ, 1952, p. 359.
260. D.D. Wagman, W.H. Evans, V.B. Parker, R.H. Schumm, I. Halow, S.M. Bailey, K.L. Churney, R.L. Nuttal, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 11 (1982).
261. P.A.G. O'Hare, W.N. Hubbard, J. Phys. Chem. 69 (1965) 4358.
262. S.G. Lias, J.E. Bartmess, J.F. Liebman, J.L. Holmes, R.D, Levin, W.G. Mallard, J. Phys. Chem. Ref Data 17 (1988).
263. N. Bartlett, K. Leary, Rev. Chim. Miner. 13 (1976) 82.
264. K.O. Christe, W. Sawodny, Inorg. Chem. 8 (1969) 212.
265. S. Brownridge, H.D.B. Jenkins, unpublished results at the MPW1PW91/3-21G* level of theory.
266. M.T. Nguyen, R. Flammang, N. Goldberg, H. Schwarz, Chem. Phys. Lett. 236 (1995) 201.
267. H.K. Roobottom, H.D.B. Jenkins, unpublished work.
268. I. Krossing, J. Passmore, presented at the 12th European Symposium on Fluorine Chemistry, Berlin 1998, abstract C22.
269. I. Krossing, H.D.B. Jenkins, unpublished results at the B3PW91/3-21G* level of theory.
270. H.D.B. Jenkins, Lattice energies in: D.R. Lide (ed.), Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 79th ed., vol. 9, CRC, Times Mirror Books, Boca Raton, Ann Arbor, London, Tokyo, 1998, p. 1222.
271. I.C. Tornieporth-Oetting, T.M. Klapötke, T.S. Cameron, J. Valkonen, P. Rademacher, K. Kowski, J. Chem. Soc. Dalton Trans. (1992) 537.