The life cycle of a mesoscale gravity wave as observed by a network of doppler wind profilers

Monthly Weather Review

Volumn 128, Issue 7 II, 2000, Pages 2423-2446

  Trexler, C Michael ^a   Koch, Steven E ^a  

^a NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

GRAVITY WAVE; LIFE CYCLE ANALYSIS; MESOSCALE METEOROLOGY; PRECIPITATION ASSESSMENT; VERTICAL PROFILE;

UNITED STATES;

EID: 0033824102     PISSN: 00270644     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/1520-0493(2000)128<2423:tlcoam>2.0.co;2     Document Type: Article

References (47)

1. Balsley, B. B., W. L. Ecklund, D. A. Carter, and P. E. Johnson, 1980: The MST radar at Poker Flat, Alaska. Radio Sci., 15, 113-213.
2. Barnes, S. L., 1964: A technique for maximizing details in numerical weather map analysis. J. Appl. Meteor., 3, 396-409.
3. Bedard, A. J., Jr., F. Canavero, and F. Einaudi, 1986: Atmospheric gravity waves and aircraft turbulence encounters. J. Atmos. Sci., 43, 2838-2844.
4. Brown, E. H., and F. F. Hall, 1978: Advances in atmospheric acoustics. Rev. Geophys. Space Phys., 16, 47-110.
5. Canavero, F. G., F. Einaudi, E. R. Westwater, M. J. Falls, J. A. Schroeder, and A. J. Bedard, 1990: Interpretation of ground-based radiometric observations in terms of a gravity wave model. J. Geophys. Res., 95, 7637-7652.
6. Carr, F. H., P. L. Spencer, C. A. Doswell III, and J. D. Powell, 1995: A comparison of two objective analysis techniques for profiler time-height data. Mon. Wea. Rev., 123, 2161-2180.
7. Carter, D. A., B. B. Balsley, W. L. Ecklund, K. S. Gage, A. C. Riddle, R. Garello, and M. Crochet, 1989: Investigations of internal gravity waves using three vertically directed closely spaced wind profilers. J. Geophys. Res., 94, 8633-8642.
8. Cunning, J. B., and S. F. Williams, 1993: STORM Fronts Experiment systems test operations summary and data inventory. USWRP STORM-FEST, 389 pp. [Available from U.S. Weather Research Program, NOAA, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303.]
9. Doviak, R. J., and R. Ge, 1984: An atmospheric solitary gust observed with a Doppler radar, a tall tower, and a surface network. J. Atmos. Sci., 41, 2559-2573.
10. Ecklund, W. L., K. S. Gage, and A. C. Riddle, 1981: Gravity wave activity in vertical winds observed by the Poker Flat MST radar. Geophys. Res. Lett., 8, 285-288.
11. Eom, J. K., 1975: Analysis of the internal gravity wave occurrence of 19 April 1970 in the Midwest. Mon. Wea. Rev., 103, 217-226.
12. Ferretti, R., F. Einaudi, and L. W. Uccellini 1988: Wave disturbances associated with the Red River Valley severe weather outbreak of 10-11 April 1979. Meteor. Atmos. Phys., 39, 132-168.
13. Fukao, S., K. Wakasugi, T. Sato, S. Morimoto, T. Tsuda, I. Kimura, and S. Kato, 1985: Direct measurement of air and precipitation particle motion by very high frequency Doppler radar. Nature, 316, 712-714.
14. Gossard, E. E., 1988: Measuring drop-size distributions in clouds with clear-air sensing Doppler radar. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 5, 640-649.
15. _, and W. B. Sweezy, 1974: Dispersion and spectra of gravity waves in the atmosphere. J. Atmos. Sci., 31, 1540-1548.
16. _, and W. H. Hooke, 1975: Waves in the atmosphere. Developments in the Atmospheric Science, Vol. 2, Elsevier, 456 pp.
17. Holton, J. R., 1992: An Introduction to Dynamic Meteorology, 3d ed. Academic Press, 511 pp.
18. Jin, Y., 1997: A numerical model study of the role of mesoscale gravity waves in rainband dynamics in the central United States during STORM-FEST. Ph.D. dissertation, North Carolina State University, 318 pp. [Available from North Carolina State University Libraries, Box 7111, Raleigh, NC 27695-7111.]
19. Koch, S. E., and P. B. Dorian, 1988: A mesoscale gravity wave event observed during CCOPE. Part III: Wave environment and probable source mechanisms. Mon. Wea. Rev., 116, 2570-2592.
20. _, and C. O'Handley, 1997: Operational forecasting and detection of mesoscale gravity waves. Wea. Forecasting. 12, 253-281.
21. _, and L. Siedlarz, 1999: Mesoscale gravity waves and their environment in the central United States during STORM-FEST. Mon. Wea. Rev., 127, 2854-2179.
22. _, R. E. Golus, and P. B. Dorian, 1988: A mesoscale gravity wave event observed during CCOPE. Pan II: Interactions between mesoscale convective systems and the antecedent waves. Mon. Wea. Rev., 116, 2544-2569.
23. _, P. B. Dorian, R. Ferrare, S. H. Melfi, W. C. Skillman, and D. Whiteman, 1991: Structure of an internal bore and dissipating gravity current as revealed by Raman lidar. Mon. Wea. Rev., 119, 857-887.
24. _, F. Einaudi, P. B. Dorian, S. Lang, and G. M. Heymsfield, 1993: A mesoscale gravity wave event observed during CCOPE. Pan IV: Stability analysis and Doppler-derived wave vertical structure. Mon. Wea. Rev., 121, 2483-2510.
25. Lalas, D. P., and F. Einaudi, 1976: On the characteristics of gravity waves generated by atmospheric shear layers J. Atmos. Sci., 33, 1248-1259.
26. Lindzen, R. S., and K. K. Tung. 1976: Banded convection activity and ducted gravity waves. Mon. Wea. Rev., 104, 1602-1617.
27. Madden, R. E., E. Zipser, E. Danielsen, D. Joseph, and R. Gall, 1971: Rawinsonde data obtained during the Line Island Experiment NCAR Tech. Note NCAR-TN/STR-55, Boulder, CO, 29 pp.
28. Mahapatra, P. R., R. J. Doviak, and D. S. Zrnic, 1991: Multisensor observation of an atmospheric undular bore. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 72, 1468-1480.
29. Mastrantonio, G., F. Einaudi, D. Fua, and D. P. Lalas, 1976: Generation of gravity waves by jet streams in the atmosphere. J. Atmos. Sci., 33, 1730-1738.
30. Mohr, C. G., L. J. Miller, R. L. Vaughan, and H. W. Frank, 1986: The merger of mesoscale datasets into a common Cartesian format for efficient and systematic analyses. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 3, 143-161.
31. Nastrom, G. D., M. R. Peterson, J. L. Green, K. S. Gage, and T. E. VanZandt, 1990: Sources of gravity wave activity seen in the vertical velocities observed by the Flatland VHF radar. J. Appl. Meteor., 29, 785-792.
32. O'Brien, J. J., 1970: Alternative solutions to the classical vertical velocity problem. J. Appl. Meteor., 9, 197-203.
33. Ralph, F. M., 1995: Using radar-measured radial vertical velocities to distinguish precipitation scattering from clear-air scattering. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol. 12, 257-267.
34. _, M. Crochet, and S. V. Venkateswaran, 1992: A study of mountain lee waves using clear-air radar. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 118, 597-627.
35. _, _, and _, 1993a: Observations of a mesoscale ducted gravity wave. J. Atmos. Sci., 50, 3277-3291.
36. _, C. Mazaudier, M. Crochet, and S. V. Venkateswaran, 1993b: Doppler sodar and radar wind-profiler observations of gravity-wave activity associated with a gravity current. Mon. Wea. Rev., 121, 444-463.
37. _, P. J. Neiman, D. W. van de Kamp, and D. C. Law. 1995: Using spectral moment data from NOAA's 404-Mhz radar wind profilers to observe precipitation. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 76, 1717-1739.
38. _, P. J. Neiman, and D. Ruffieux, 1996: Precipitation identification from radar wind profiler spectral moment data: Vertical velocity historams, velocity variance, and signal power-vertical velocity correlation. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 13, 545-559.
39. Ramamurthy, M. K., R. M. Rauber, B. P. Collins, and N. K. Malhotra, 1993: A comparative study of large-amplitude gravity wave events. Mon. Wea. Rev., 121, 2951-2974.
40. Rottman, J. W., and F. Einaudi. 1993: Solitary waves in the atmosphere. J. Atmos. Sci., 50, 2116-2136.
41. Schneider, R. S., 1990: Large-amplitude mesoscale wave disturbances within the intense Midwest extratropical cyclone of 15 December 1987. Wea. Forecasting, 5, 533-557.
42. Strauch, R. G., B. C. Weber, A. S. Frisch, C. G. Little, D. A. Merritt, K. P. Moran, and P. C. Welsh, 1987: The precision and relative accuracy of profile wind measurements. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 4, 563-571.
43. Trexler, C. M., 1997: Vertical structure of a mesoscale gravity wave event observed during STORM-FEST: A comparative analysis between in situ and remote sensing observations, numerical simulation, and linear theory predictions. M.S. thesis, North Carolina State University, 223 pp. [Available from North Carolina State University Libraries, Box 7111, Raleigh, NC 27695-7111.]
44. Uccellini, L. W., and S. E. Koch, 1987: The synoptic setting and possible energy sources for mesoscale wave disturbances. Mon. Wea. Rev., 115, 721-729.
45. Wakasugi, K., A. Mizutani, M. Matsuo, S. Fukao, and S. Kato, 1987: Further discussion on deriving drop-size distribution and vertical air velocities directly from VHF Doppler radar spectra. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 4, 170-179.
46. Weber, B. L., D. B. Wuertz, D. C. Welsh, and R. McPeek, 1993: Quality controls for profiler measurements of winds and RASS temperatures. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 10, 452-464.
47. Yang, M., R. M. Rauber, and M. K. Ramamurthy, 1999: Origin, maintenance and fine-scale structure of the St. Valentine's Day mesoscale gravity wave observed during STORM-FEST. Preprints, Eighth Conf. on Mesoscale Processes, Boulder, CO, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 97-100.