Economic development, civil society and democratic orientation: A study of the Russian regions

Journal of Communist Studies and Transition Politics

Volumn 16, Issue 3, 2000, Pages 21-38

  Ahlberg, Rurik ^a  

^a Finnish parliament ^*  (Russian Federation)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CIVIL SOCIETY; DEMOCRACY; ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT; ELECTORAL GEOGRAPHY; POLITICAL ECONOMY; VOTING BEHAVIOR;

RUSSIAN FEDERATION;

EID: 0033792608     PISSN: 13523279     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/13523270008415439     Document Type: Article

References (21)

1. Russian Constitution, Art. 5.
2. See, for example, Alexis de Tocqueville, Jämlikheten vån öde. Om demokratins möjligheter och begränsningar (Stockholm: Ratio, 1986), pp.72-6; Gabriel Almond and Sidney Verha, The Civic Culture: Political Attitudes and Democracy in Five Nations (Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications, 1989), pp.244-5.
3. See, for example, Alexis de Tocqueville, Jämlikheten vån öde. Om demokratins möjligheter och begränsningar (Stockholm: Ratio, 1986), pp.72-6; Gabriel Almond and Sidney Verba, The Civic Culture: Political Attitudes and Democracy in Five Nations (Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications, 1989), pp.244-5.
4. Robert D. Putnam, Den fungerande demokratin. Medborgarandans rötter i Italien (Stockholm: SNS Förlag, 1996).
5. Seymour M. Lipset, 'Some Social Requisities of Democracy: Economic Development and Political Legitimacy', American Political Science Review, Vol.53, No.1 (1959), p.75.
6. Lauri Karvonen, Demokratisering (Lund: Studentlitteratur, 1997), pp.29-30.
7. Ibid, p.96.
8. Lars S. Henriksen, Voluntary Organizations, Civil Society and the Question of Institutional Homogenizalion (Bergen: LOS-senteret, 1995), p.1.
9. David Beetham and Kevin Boyle, Introducing Democracy: 80 Questions and Answers (Cambridge: Polity Press, 1995), p. 107.
10. N.R. Lwenje, 'No Short Cuts to Civil Society', in P. Seppälä (ed.), Civil Society in the Making: People's Organizations and Politics in the Third World (Helsinki: Institute of Development Studies, University of Helsinki: 1992), pp.7-8.
11. Karvonen, Demokratisering. p.95.
12. Reinventing Civil Society: Poland's Quiet Revolution 1981-1986 (A Helsinki Watch Report) (New York and Washington. DC: The U.S. Helsinki Watch Committee, Dec. 1986), pp.3. 80.
13. Several sources of statistical information were used in this essay: Rossiiskii statisticheskii vezhegodnik: statisticheskii sbornik (Moscow: Gosudarstvennyi komitet rossiiskoi federatsii po statistike, 1999); Novaya Rossiya: informatsionno-statisticheskii al'manakh '94 (Moscow: Vsya Moskva, 1994); Vybory depulatov Gosudarstvennoi Dumy 1995: Elektoral'naya statistika (Moscow: Ves' mir, 1996); Narody Rossii. Entsiklopediya (Moscow: Bol'shaya Rossiiskaya Entsiklopediya, 1994). Information about the existence of umbrella organizations for youth organizations was obtained from the National Youth Council of Russia.
14. Several sources of statistical information were used in this essay: Rossiiskii statisticheskii vezhegodnik: statisticheskii sbornik (Moscow: Gosudarstvennyi komitet rossiiskoi federatsii po statistike, 1999); Novaya Rossiya: informatsionno-statisticheskii al'manakh '94 (Moscow: Vsya Moskva, 1994); Vybory depulatov Gosudarstvennoi Dumy 1995: Elektoral'naya statistika (Moscow: Ves' mir, 1996); Narody Rossii. Entsiklopediya (Moscow: Bol'shaya Rossiiskaya Entsiklopediya, 1994). Information about the existence of umbrella organizations for youth organizations was obtained from the National Youth Council of Russia.
15. Several sources of statistical information were used in this essay: Rossiiskii statisticheskii vezhegodnik: statisticheskii sbornik (Moscow: Gosudarstvennyi komitet rossiiskoi federatsii po statistike, 1999); Novaya Rossiya: informatsionno-statisticheskii al'manakh '94 (Moscow: Vsya Moskva, 1994); Vybory depulatov Gosudarstvennoi Dumy 1995: Elektoral'naya statistika (Moscow: Ves' mir, 1996); Narody Rossii. Entsiklopediya (Moscow: Bol'shaya Rossiiskaya Entsiklopediya, 1994). Information about the existence of umbrella organizations for youth organizations was obtained from the National Youth Council of Russia.
16. Several sources of statistical information were used in this essay: Rossiiskii statisticheskii vezhegodnik: statisticheskii sbornik (Moscow: Gosudarstvennyi komitet rossiiskoi federatsii po statistike, 1999); Novaya Rossiya: informatsionno-statisticheskii al'manakh '94 (Moscow: Vsya Moskva, 1994); Vybory depulatov Gosudarstvennoi Dumy 1995: Elektoral'naya statistika (Moscow: Ves' mir, 1996); Narody Rossii. Entsiklopediya (Moscow: Bol'shaya Rossiiskaya Entsiklopediya, 1994). Information about the existence of umbrella organizations for youth organizations was obtained from the National Youth Council of Russia.
17. Youth non-governmental organization.
18. Half of the Duma is elected according to a proportional voting system and the other half according to a majoritarian system. This study is limited to the proportional half.
19. Kommunisticheskaya partiya Rossiiskoi Federatsii, Partiya samoupravleniya trudyashchikhsya, Kommunisticheskaya trudovaya Rossiya-Za Sovetskii Soyuz, Agrarnaya partiya Rossii.
20. Our Home is Russia, Yabloko and Russia's Choice.
21. KPRF (Communist Party of the Russian Federation) and LDPR (The Liberal Democratic Party of Russia).