Global three-dimensional simulation of aerosol optical thickness distribution of various origins

Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres

Volumn 105, Issue D14, 2000, Pages 17853-17873

  Takemura, Toshihiko ^a   Okamoto, Hajime ^b   Maruyama, Yoshihiro ^a   Numaguti, Atusi ^c   Higurashi, Akiko ^d   Nakajima, Teruyuki ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TOKYO   (Japan)

^b NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY   (Japan)

^c HOKKAIDO UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

^d NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES   (Japan)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AEROSOL PROPERTY; OPTICAL DEPTH;

EID: 0033785017     PISSN: 01480227     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2000JD900265     Document Type: Article

References (101)

1. Anderson, B. E., W. B. Grant, G. L. Gregory, E. V. Browell, J. E. Collins Jr., G. W. Sachse, D. R. Bagwell, C. H. Hudgins, D. R. Blake, and N. J. Blake, Aerosols from biomass burning over the tropical South Atlantic region: Distributions and impacts, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 24,117-24,137, 1996.
2. Andreae, M. O., Global distribution of fires seen from space, EOS, Trans. Amer. Geophys. Union, 74, 129-135, 1993.
3. Andreae, M. O., R. J. Ferek, F. Bermond, K. P. Byrd, R. T. Engstrom, S. Hardin, P. D. Houmere, F. LeMarrec, and H. Raemdonck, Dimethyl sulfide in the marine atmosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 90, 12,891-12,900, 1985.
4. Andres, R. J., and A. D. Kasgnoc, A time-averaged inventory of subaerial volcanic sulfur emissions, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 25,251-25,261, 1998.
5. Ayers, G. P., J. P. Ivey, and H. S. Goodman, Sulfate and methanesulfonate in the maritime aerosol at Cape Grim, Tasmania, J. Atmos. Chem., 4, 173-185, 1986.
6. 2 from dimethyl sulfide oxidation in the marine boundary layer, Geophys. Res. Lett., 19, 1125-1127, 1992.
7. Barrie, L. A., and J. W. Bottenheim, Sulphur and nitrogen pollution in the arctic atmosphere, in Pollution of the Arctic Atmosphere, edited by W. T. Sturges, pp. 158-181, Elsevier, New York, 1990.
8. Barrie, L. A., M. P. Olson, and K. K. Oikawa, The flux of anthropogenic sulphur into the arctic from mid-latitudes in 1979/80, Atmos. Environ., 23, 2505-2515, 1989.
9. Bates, T. S., R. J. Charlson, and R. H. Gammon. Evidence for the climate role of marine biogenic sulphur, Nature, 329, 319-321, 1987.
10. Benkovitz, C. M., M. T. Scholtz, J. Pacyna, L. Tarrasón, J. Dignon, E. C. Voldner, P. A. Spiro, J. A. Logan, and T. E. Graedel, Global gridded inventories of anthropogenic emissions of sulfur and nitrogen, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 29,239-29,253, 1996.
11. Bodhaine, B. A., Aerosol absorption measurements at Barrow, Mauna Loa, and the south pole, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 8967-8975, 1995.
12. Boucher, O., and U. Lohmann, The sulfate-CCN-cloud albedo effect, Tellus, Ser. B, 47, 281-300, 1995.
13. Browell, E. V., et al., Ozone and aerosol distributions and air mass characteristics over the South Atlantic Basin during the burning season, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 24,043-24,068, 1996.
14. Cachier, H., P. Buat-Ménard, M. Fontugne, and R. Chesselet, Long-range transport of continentally-derived particulate carbon in the marine atmosphere: Evidence from stable carbon isotope studies, Tellus, Ser. B, 38, 161-177, 1986.
15. Cachier, H., J. Ducret, M. P. Brémond, V. Yoboué, J. P. Lacaux, A. Gaudichet, and J. Baudet, Biomass burning aerosols in a savanna region of the Ivory Coast, in Global Biomass Burning, edited by J. S. Levine, pp. 174-180, MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass., 1991.
16. Cahoon, D. R., Jr., B. J. Stocks, J. S. Levine, W. R. Cofer III, and K. P. O'Neill, Seasonal distribution of African savanna fires, Nature, 359, 812-815, 1992.
17. Chameides, W. L., The photochemistry of a remote marine stratiform cloud, J. Geophys. Res., 89, 4739-4755, 1984.
18. Charlson, R. J., S. E. Schwartz, J. M. Hales, R. D. Cess, J. A. Coakley Jr., J. E. Hansen, and D. J. Hofmann, Climate forcing by anthropogenic aerosols, Science, 255, 423-430, 1992.
19. Chatfield, R. B., and P. J. Crutzen, Are there interactions of iodine and sulfur species in marine air photochemistry?, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 22,319-22,341, 1990.
20. Chin, M., D. J. Jacob, G. M. Gardner, M. S. Foreman-Fowler, and P. A. Spiro, A global three-dimensional model of tropospheric sulfate, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 18,667-18,690, 1996.
21. Cooke, W. F., and J. J. N. Wilson, A global black carbon aerosol model, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 19,395-19,409, 1996.
22. d'Almeida, G. A., and L. Schütz, Number, mass and volume distributions of mineral aerosol and soils of the Sahara, J. Clim. Appl. Meteorol., 22, 233-243, 1983.
23. d'Almeida, G. A., P. Koepke, and E. P. Shettle, Atmospheric Aerosols: Global Climatology and Radiative Characteristics, 561 pp., A. Deepak, Hampton, Virginia, 1991.
24. da Silva, A., A. C. Young, and S. Levitus, Atlas of surface marine data 1994, vol. 1, Algorithms and procedures, in NOAA Atlas NESDIS, vol. 6, U.S. Dep. of Comm., Washington, D. C., 1994.
25. DeFries, R. S., and J. R. G. Townshend, NDVI-derived land cover classifications at a global scale, Int. J. Remote Sens., 15, 3567-3586, 1994.
26. DeMore, W. B., S. P. Sander, D. M. Golden, R. F. Hampson, M. J. Kurylo, C. J. Howard, A. R. Ravishankara, C. E. Kolb, and M. J. Molina, Chemical kinetics and photochemical data for use in stratospheric modeling, JPL Publ. 97-4, 266 pp., Jet Propul. Lab., Pasadena, Calif., 1997.
27. Dentener, F. J., G. R. Carmichael, Y. Zhang, J. Lelieveld, and P. J. Crutzen, Role of mineral aerosol as reactive surface in the global troposphere, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 22,869-22,889, 1996.
28. Erickson, D. J., and R. A. Duce, On the global flux of atmospheric sea salt, J. Geophys. Res., 93, 14,079-14,088, 1988.
29. Erickson, D. J., J. T. Merrill, and R. A. Duce, Seasonal estimates of global atmospheric sea-salt distribution, J. Geophys. Res., 91, 1067-1072, 1986.
30. Facchini, M. C., M. Mircea, S. Fuzzi, and R. J. Charlson, Cloud albedo enhancement by surface-active organic solutes in growing droplets, Nature, 401, 257-259, 1999.
31. FAO, FAO yearbook of forest products, FAO Statistics Series, 376 pp., Food and Agric. Organ. of the United Nations, Rome, 1995a.
32. FAO, FAO production yearbook, FAO Statistics Series, 244 pp., Food and Agric. Organ. of the United Nations, Rome, 1995b.
33. FAO, State of the World's Forests, 201 pp., Food and Agric. Organ. of the United Nations, Rome, 1997.
34. Feichter, J., E. Kjellstrom, H. Rodhe, F. Dentener, J. Lelieveld, and G. J. Roelofs, Simulation of the tropospheric sulfur cycle in a global climate model, Atmos. Environ., 30, 1693-1708, 1996.
35. Galloway, J. N., D. L. Savoie, W. C. Keene, and J. M. Prospero, The temporal and spatial variability of scavenging ratios for nss-sulfate, nitrate, methanesulfonate and sodium in the atmosphere over the North Atlantic Ocean, Atmos. Environ., Ser. A, 27, 235-250, 1993.
36. Gillette, D., A wind tunnel simulation of the erosion of soil: Effect of soil texture, sandblasting, wind speed, and soil consolidation on dust production, Atmos. Environ., 12, 1735-1743, 1978.
37. Gorzelska, K., R. W. Talbot, K. Klemm, B. Lefer, O. Klemm, G. L. Gregory, B. Anderson, and L. A. Barrie, Chemical composition of the atmospheric aerosol in the troposphere over the Hudson Bay lowlands and Quebec-Labrador regions of Canada, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 1763-1779, 1994.
38. Grover, S. N., and H. R. Pruppacher, The effect of vertical turbulent fluctuations in the atmosphere on the collision of aerosol particles by cloud drops, J. Atmos. Sci., 34, 2305-2318, 1985.
39. Guenther, A., et al., A global model of natural volatile organic compound emissions, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 8873-8892, 1995.
40. Hänel, G., The properties of atmospheric aerosol particles as functions of the relative humidity at thermodynamic equilibrium with the surrounding moist air, Adv. Geophys., 19, 73-188, 1976.
41. Hansen, J. E., M. Sato, A. Lacis, R. Ruedy, I. Tegen, and E. Matthews, Climate forcing in the industrial era, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 95, 12,753-12,758, 1998.
42. Hegg, D. A., J. Livingston, P. V. Hobbs, T. Novakov, and P. Russell, Chemical apportionment of aerosol column optical depth off the mid-Atlantic coast of the United States, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 25,293-25,303, 1997.
43. 2- in the arctic: Interpretation of observations at three Norwegian arctic-subarctic stations, Tellus, Ser. B, 35, 255-265, 1983.
44. Heintzenberg, J., K. Müller, W. Birmili, G. Spindler, and A. Wiedensohler, Mass-related aerosol properties over the Leipzig basin, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 13,125-13,135, 1998.
45. Herman, J. R., P. K. Bhartia, O. Torres, C. Hsu, C. Seftor, and E. Celarier, Global distributions of UV-absorbing aerosols from Nimbus 7/TOMS data, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 16,911-16,923, 1997.
46. Higurashi, A., and T. Nakajima, Development of a two-channel aerosol retrieval algorithm on a global scale using NOAA AVHRR, J. Atmos. Sci., 56, 924-941, 1999.
47. Higurashi, A., T. Nakajima, B. N. Holben, A. Smirnov, R. Frouin, and B. Chatenet, A study of global aerosol optical climatology with two channel AVHRR remote sensing, J. Clim., in press, 1999.
48. Hobbs, P. V., J. S. Reid, R. A. Kotchenruther, R. J. Ferek, and R. Weiss, Direct radiative forcing by smoke from biomass burning, Science, 275, 1776-1778, 1997.
49. Hoffman, E. J., and R. A. Duce, Organic carbon in marine atmospheric particulate matter: Concentration and particle size distribution, Geophys. Res. Lett., 4, 449-452, 1977.
50. Holben, B. N., et al., AERONET - A federated instrument network and data archive for aerosol characterization, Remote Sens. Environ., 66, 1-16, 1998.
51. Horvath, H., Atmospheric light absorption - A review, Atmos. Environ., Ser. A, 27, 293-317, 1993.
52. Huebert, B. J., S. Howell, P. Laj, J. E. Johnson, T. S. Bates, P. K. Quinn, V. Yegorov, A. D. Clarke, and J. N. Porter, Observations of the atmospheric sulfur cycle on SAGA3, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 16,985-16,995, 1993.
53. 2-: Regional contributions and concentration trends, Atmos. Environ., Ser. A, 24, 1175-1187, 1990.
54. Hynes, A. J., P. H. Wine, and D. H. Semmes, Kinetics and mechanism of OH reactions with organic sulfides, J. Phys. Chem., 90, 4148-4156, 1986.
55. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), Climate Change 1995: The Science of Climate Change, J. T. Houghton, L. G. Meira Filho, B. A. Callander, N. Harris, A. Kattenberg, and K. Maskell (Eds.), 572 pp., Cambridge Univ. Press, New York, 1996.
56. Joussaume, S., Three-dimensional simulations of the atmospheric cycle of desert dust particles using a general circulation model, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 1909-1941, 1990.
57. Kalma, J. D., J. G. Speight, and R. J. Wasson, Potential wind erosion in Australia: A continental perspective, J. Climatol., 8, 411-428, 1988.
58. Kaufman, Y. J., A. Setzer, D. Ward, D. Tanre, B. N. Holben, P. Menzel, M. C. Pereira, and R. Rasmussen, Biomass burning airborne and spacebome experiment in the Amazonas (BASE-A, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 14,581-14,599, 1992.
59. Kneizys, F. X., E. P. Shettle, G. P. Anderson, L. W. Abreu, J. H. Chetwynd, J. E. A. Selby, S. A. Clough, and W. O. Gallery, LOWTRAN 7 Revision 4.0, Air Force Geophys. Lab., Bedford, Mass., 1990.
60. Langner, J., and H. Rodhe, A global three-dimensional model of the tropospheric sulfur cycle, J. Atmos. Chem., 13, 225-263, 1991.
61. Lee, G., J. T. Merrill, and B. J. Huebert, Variation of free tropospheric total nitrate at Mauna Loa Observatory, Hawaii, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 12,821-12,831, 1994.
62. Li, S. M., and L. A. Barrie, Biogenic sulfur aerosol in the Arctic troposphere, 1, Contributions to total sulfate, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 20,613-20,622, 1993.
63. Li, X., H. Maring, D. Savoie, K. Voss, and J. M. Prospero, Dominance of mineral dust in aerosol light-scattering in the North Atlantic trade winds, Nature, 380, 416-419, 1996.
64. Liousse, C., J. E. Penner, C. Chuang, J. J. Walton, H. Eddleman, and H. Cachier, A global three-dimensional model study of carbonaceous aerosols, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 19,411-19,432, 1996.
65. Louis, J., A parametric model of vertical eddy fluxes in the atmosphere, Boundary Layer Meteorol., 17, 187-202, 1979.
66. Malm, W. C., J. F. Sisler, D. Huffman, R. A. Eldred, and T. A. Cahill, Spatial and seasonal trends in particle concentration and optical extinction in the United States, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 1347-1370, 1994.
67. Martins, J. V., P. Artaxo, P. V. Hobbs, C. Liousse, H. Cachier, Y. Kaufman, and A. Plana-Fattori, Particle size distributions, elemental compositions, carbon measurements, and optical properties of smoke from biomass burning in the Pacific Northwest of the United States, in Biomass Burning and Global Change, vol. 2, edited by J. S. Levine, pp. 716-732, MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass., 1996.
68. Matthews, E., Global vegetation and land use: New high-resolution data bases for climate studies, J. Clim. Appl. Meteorol., 22, 474-487, 1983.
69. Moulin, C., C. E. Lambert, F. Dulac, and U. Dayan, Control of atmospheric export of dust from North Africa by the North Atlantic Oscillation, Nature, 387, 691-694, 1997.
70. Murayama, T., H. Okamoto, N. Kaneyasu, H. Kamataki, and K. Miura, Application of lidar depolarization measurement in the atmospheric boundary layer: Effects of dust and sea-salt particles, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 31,781-31,792, 1999.
71. Nakajima, T., and A. Higurashi, A use of two-channel radiances for an aerosol characterization from space, Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 3815-3818, 1998.
72. Nakajima, T., and M. Tanaka, Matrix formulations for the transfer of solar radiation in a plane-parallel scattering atmosphere, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer, 35, 13-21, 1986.
73. Nguyen, B. C., N. Mihalopoulos, J. P. Putaud, A. Gaudry, L. Gallet, W. C. Keene, and J. N. Galloway, Covariations in oceanic dimethyl sulfide, its oxidation products and rain acidity at Amsterdam Island in the southern Indian Ocean, J. Atmos. Chem., 15, 39-53, 1992.
74. Novakov, T., and J. E. Penner, Large contribution of organic aerosols to cloud-condensation-nuclei concentrations, Nature, 365, 823-826, 1993.
75. Novakov, T., D. A. Hegg, and P. V. Hobbs, Airborne measurements of carbonaceous aerosols on the east coast of the United States, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 30,023-30,030, 1997.
76. Numaguti, A., Dynamics and energy balance of the Hadley circulation and the tropical precipitation zones: Significance of the distribution of evaporation, J. Atmos. Sci., 50, 1874-1887, 1993.
77. Numaguti, A., M. Takahashi, T. Nakajima, and A. Sumi, Development of an atmospheric general circulation model, in Climate System Dynamics and Modeling, edited by T. Matsuno, pp. 1-27, Center for Climate System Research, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 1995.
78. Okamoto, H., A. Macke, M. Quante, and E. Raschke, Modeling of back-scattering by non-spherical ice particles for the interpretation of cloud radar signals at 94 GHz: An error analysis, Contrib. Atmos. Phys., 68, 319-334, 1995.
79. Pandis, S. N., S. E. Paulson, J. H. Seinfeld, and R. C. Flagan, Aerosol formation in the photooxidation of isoprene and β-pinene, Atmos. Environ., Ser. A, 25, 991-1008, 1991.
80. Parungo, F., C. Nagamoto, M. Y. Zhou, A. D. A. Hansen, and J. Harris, Aeolian transport of aerosol black carbon from China to the ocean, Atmos. Environ., 28, 3251-3260, 1994.
81. Penner, J. E., C. C. Chuang, and K. Grant, Climate forcing by carbonaceous and sulfate aerosols, Clim. Dyn., 14, 839-851, 1998.
82. Pham M., J. F. Müller, G. P. Brasseur, C. Granier, and G. Mégie, A three-dimensional study of the tropospheric sulfur cycle, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 26,061-26,092, 1995.
83. Prospero, J. M., and T. N. Carlson, Vertical and areal distribution of Saharan dust over the western equatorial North Atlantic Ocean, J. Geophys. Res., 77, 5255-5265, 1972.
84. Prospero, J. M., D. L. Savoie, R. Arimoto, H. Olafsson, and H. Hjarearson, Sources of aerosol nitrate and non-sea-salt sulfate in the Iceland region, Sci. Total Environ., 160/161, 181-191, 1995.
85. Pszenny, A. A., G. R. Harvey, C. J. Brown, R. F. Lang, W. C. Keene, J. N. Galloway, and J. T. Merrill, Measurements of dimethyl sulfide oxidation products in the summertime North Atlantic marine boundary layer, Global Biochem. Cycles, 4, 367-379, 1990.
86. Quinn, P. K., T. S. Bates, J. E. Jhonson, D. S. Covert, and R. J. Charlson, Interactions between sulfur and reduced nitrogen cycles over the central Pacific Ocean, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 16,405-16,416, 1990.
87. Rao, C. R. N., L. L. Stowe, E. P. McClain, and J. Sapper, Development and application of aerosols remote sensing with AVHRR data from the NOAA satellites, in Aerosol and Climate, edited by P. V. Hobbs and M. P. McCormick, pp. 69-79, A. Deepak, Hampton, Virginia, 1988.
88. Saltzman, E. S., and D. J. Cooper, Shipboard measurements of atmospheric dimethylsulfide and hydrogen sulfide in the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico, J. Atmos. Chem., 7, 191-209, 1988.
89. Savoie, D. L., J. M. Prospero, and E. S. Saitzman, Nitrate, non-seasalt sulfate and methane-sulfonate over the Pacific Ocean, in Chemical Oceanography, vol. 10, edited by J. P. Riley, R. Chester, and R. A. Duce, pp. 219-250, Academic, San Diego, Calif., 1989.
90. Savoie, D. L., J. M. Prospero, R. J. Larsen, F. Huang, M. Izaguirre, T. Huang, T. H. Snowdon, L. Custals, and C. G. Sanderson, Nitrogen and sulfur species in Antarctic aerosols at Mawson, Palmer Station, and Marsh (King George Island), J. Atmos. Chem., 17, 95-122, 1993.
91. Shaw, R. W., and R. J. Paur, Measurements of sulfur in gases and particles during sixteen months in the Ohio River Valley, Atmos. Environ., 17, 1431-1438, 1983.
92. Shettle, E. P., and R. W. Fenn, Models for the aerosols of the lower atmosphere and the effects of humidity variations on their optical properties, Environ. Res. Pap., 676, 94 pp., Air Force Geophys. Lab., Bedford, Mass., 1979.
93. 3, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 18,441-18,471, 1990.
94. Staubes, R., and H. W. Georgii, Biogenic sulfur compounds in seawater and the atmosphere of the Antarctic region, Tellus, Ser. B, 45, 127-137, 1993.
95. Tegen, I., and I. Fung, Contribution to the atmospheric mineral aerosol load from land surface modification, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 18,707-18,726, 1995.
96. Tegen, I., and R. Miller, A general circulation model study on the interannual variability of soil dust aerosol, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 25,975-25,995, 1998.
97. Tegen, I., P. Hollrig, M. Chin, I. Fung, D. Jacob, and J. Penner, Contribution of different aerosol species to the global aerosol extinction optical thickness: Estimates from model results, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 23,895-23,915, 1997.
98. Twomey, S., Pollution and the planetary albedo, Atmos. Environ., 8, 1251-1256, 1974.
99. Volz, F. E., Infrared optical constants of ammonium sulfate, Sahara dust, volcanic pumice and flyash, Appl. Opt., 12, 564-568, 1973.
100. Warneck, P., Chemistry of the Natural Atmosphere, 757 pp., Academic, San Diego, Calif., 1988.
101. Weast, R. C. (Ed.), Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, CRC Press, Boca Ratou, Fla., 1976.