Memory distortions develop over time: Recollections of the O.J. Simpson trial verdict after 15 and 32 months

Psychological Science

Volumn 11, Issue 1, 2000, Pages 39-45

  Schmolck, H ^a   Buffalo, E A ^b   Squire, Larry R ^a,b,c,d  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^c VA SAN DIEGO HEALTHCARE SYSTEM   (United States)

^d VETERANS AFFAIRS MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; CRIME; FEMALE; HUMAN; MALE; MEMORY; MULTIMEDIA; PUBLIC OPINION; TIME;

ADULT; CRIME; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; MEMORY; MULTIMEDIA; PUBLIC OPINION; TIME FACTORS;

EID: 0033760865     PISSN: 09567976     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/1467-9280.00212     Document Type: Article

References (22)

1. Adolphs, R., Cahill, L., Schul, R., & Babinsky, R. (1997). Impaired declarative memory for emotional material following bilateral amygdala damage in humans. Learning and Memory, 4, 291-300.
2. Bohannon, J.N. (1988). Flashbulb memories for the Space Shuttle disaster: A tale of two theories. Cognition, 29, 179-196.
3. Bohannon, J.N., & Schmidt, S. (1989, March). Another look at flashbulb memories for the Challenger disaster. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Southeastern Psychological Association, Atlanta, GA.
4. Bohannon, J.N., & Symons, L.V. (1992). Flashbulb memories: Confidence, consistency, and quantity. In E. Winograd & U. Neisser (Eds.), Affect and accuracy in recall: Studies of "flashbulb" memories (pp. 65-91). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
5. Brown, R., & Kulik, J. (1977). Flashbulb memories. Cognition, 5, 73-79.
6. Cahill, L., Haier, R., Fallons, J., Alkire, M.T., Tang, C., Keator, D., Wum, H., & McGaugh, J.L. (1996). Amygdala activity at encoding correlated with long-term, free recall of emotional information. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 93, 8016-8021.
7. Cahill, L., Prins, B., Weber, M., & McGaugh, J.L. (1994). Beta-adrenergic activation and memory for emotional events. Nature, 371, 702-704.
8. Christianson, S.-A. (1989). Flashbulb memories: Special, but not so special. Memory & Cognition, 17, 443.
9. Conway, M.A., Anderson, S.J., Larsen, S.F., Donnelly, C.M., McDaniel, M.A., McClelland, A.G.R., & Rawles, R.E. (1994). The formation of flashbulb memories. Memory & Cognition, 22, 326-343.
10. Durso, F.T., & Johnson, M.K. (1980). The effects of orienting tasks on recognition, recall, and modality confusion of pictures and words. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 19, 416-429.
11. Finkenauer, C., Luminet, O., Gisle, L., El-Ahmadi, A., Van der Linden, M., & Philippot, P. (1998). Flashbulb memories and the underlying mechanisms of their formation: Toward an emotional-integrative model. Memory & Cognition, 26, 516-531.
12. Johnson, M.K. (1997). Source monitoring and memory distortion. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B, 352, 1733-1745.
13. Johnson, M.K., O'Connor, M., & Cantor, J. (1997). Confabulation, memory deficits, and frontal dysfunction. Brain and Cognition, 34, 189-206.
14. Johnson, M.K., Raye, C.L., Foley, H.J., & Foley, M.A. (1981). Cognitive operations and decision bias in reality monitoring. American Journal of Psychology, 94, 37-64.
15. McCloskey, M., Wible, C.G., & Cohen, N.J. (1988). Is there a special flashbulb-memory mechanism? Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 117, 171-181.
16. Neisser, U., & Harsch, N. (1992). Phantom flashbulbs: False recollections of hearing the news about Challenger. In E. Winograd & U. Neisser (Eds.), Affect and accuracy in recall: Studies of "flashbulb" memories (pp. 9-31). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
17. Neisser, U., Winograd, E., Bergman, E.T., Schreiber, C.A., Palmer, S.E., & Weldon, M.S. (1996). Remembering the earthquake: Direct experience vs. hearing the news. Memory, 4, 337-357.
18. Pillemer, D.B. (1984). Flashbulb memories of the assassination attempt on President Reagan. Cognition, 16, 63-80.
19. Squire, L.R. (1989). On the course of forgetting in very long-term memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 15, 241-245.
20. Weaver, C.A. (1993). Do you need a "flash" to form a flashbulb memory? Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 122, 413-422.
21. Winograd, E., & Killinger, W.A., Jr. (1983). Relating age at encoding in early childhood to adult recall: Development of flashbulb memories. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 112, 413-422.
22. Wright, D.B. (1993). Recall of the Hillsborough disaster over time: Systematic biases of "flashbulb" memories. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 7, 129-138.