Convection in a catastrophic flood deposit as the mechanism for the giant polygons on Mars

Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets

Volumn 105, Issue E7, 2000, Pages 17617-17627

  Lane, Melissa D ^a   Christensen, Philip R ^b  

^a NASA JOHNSON SPACE CENTER   (United States)

^b ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CONVECTION; DESICCATION; FLOOD; GEOMORPHOLOGY; LANDFORM EVOLUTION; MARS; PLANETARY SURFACE; TOPOGRAPHY; WATER;

EID: 0033759613     PISSN: 01480227     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/1999JE001197     Document Type: Article

References (67)

1. Baker, V. R., and D. J. Milton, Erosion by catastrophic floods on Mars and Earth, Icarus, 23, 27-41, 1974.
2. Baker, V. R., M. H. Carr, V. C. Gulick, C. R. Williams, and M. S. Marley, Channels and valley networks, in Mars, edited by H. H. Kieffer et al., pp. 349-354, Univ. of Ariz. Press, Tucson, 1992.
3. Banerdt, W. B., M. P. Golombek, and K. L. Tanaka, Stress and tectonics on Mars, in Mars, edited by H. H. Kieffer et al., pp. 249-297, Univ. of Ariz. Press, Tucson, 1992.
4. Benard, H., Tourbillons cellulaires dans une nappe liquide, Rev. Gen. Sci. Pures Appl., 11, 1261-1271, 1309-1328, 1900.
5. Carr, M. H., Formation of Martian flood features by release of water from confined aquifers, J. Geophys. Res., 84, 2995-3007, 1979.
6. Carr, M. H., The Surface of Mars, 232 pp., Yale Univ. Press, New Haven, Conn., 1981.
7. Carr, M. H., Stability of streams and lakes on Mars, Icarus, 56, 476-495, 1983.
8. Carr, M. H., Mars: A water-rich planet?, Icarus, 68, 187-216, 1986.
9. 2, Icarus, 79, 311-327, 1989.
10. Carr, M. H., and G. D. Clow, Martian channels and valleys: Their characteristics, distribution, and age, Icarus, 48, 91-117, 1981.
11. Carr, M. H., and G. G. Schaber, Martian permafrost features, J. Geophys. Res., 82, 4039-4054, 1977.
12. Carr, M. H., L. S. Crumpler, J. A. Cutts, R. Greeley, J. E. Guest, and H. Masursky, Martian impact craters and emplacement of ejecta by surface flow, J. Geophys. Res., 82, 4055-4065, 1977.
13. Christensen, P. R., and H. J. Moore, The Martian surface layer, in Mars, edited by H. H. Kieffer et al., pp. 686-729, Univ. of Ariz. Press, Tucson, 1992.
14. Clifford, S. M., A model for the hydrologic and climatic behavior of water on Mars, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 10,973-11,016, 1993.
15. Clifford, S. M., and D. Hillel, The stability of ground ice in the equatorial region of Mars, J. Geophys. Res., 88, 2456-2474, 1983.
16. Clifford, S. M., and T. J. Parker, The evolution of the Martian hydrosphere and its implications for the fate of a primordial ocean, in The Fifth International Conference on Mars [CD-ROM], LPI Contrib. 972, abstract 6236, Lunar and Planet. Inst., Houston, Tex., 1999.
17. Coradini, M., and E. Flamini, A thermodynamical study of the Martian permafrost, J. Geophys. Res., 84, 8115-8130, 1979.
18. Davis, S. N., Porosity and permeability of natural materials, in Physical Hydrogeology, edited by R. A. Freeze and W. Back, pp. 411-422, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1983.
19. Diaz, L. A., and R. Viskanta, Visualization of the solid-liquid interface morphology formed by natural convection during melting of a solid from below, Int. Comm. Heat Mass Transfer, 11, 35-43, 1984.
20. Edgett, K. S., and P. R. Christensen, The particle size of Martian aeolian dunes, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 22,765-22,776, 1991.
21. Fanale, F. P., J. R. Salvail, A. P. Zent, and S. E. Postawko, Global distribution and migration of subsurface ice on Mars, Icarus, 67, 1-18, 1986.
22. Farmer, C. B., and P. E. Doms, Global seasonal variation of water vapor on Mars and the implications for permafrost, J. Geophys. Res., 84, 2881-2888, 1979.
23. Flaser, M. F., and R. M. Goody, Diurnal behaviour of water on Mars, Planet. Space Sci., 24, 161-181, 1976.
24. Gleason, K. J., Nonlinear Boussinesq free convection in porous media: Application to patterned-ground formation, M.S. thesis, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder, 1984.
25. Gleason, K. J., W. B. Krantz, N. Caine, J. H. George, and R. D. Gunn, Geometrical aspects of sorted patterned ground in recurrently frozen soil, Science, 232, 216-220, 1986.
26. Gleason, K. J., W. B. Krantz, and N. Caine, Parametric effects in the filtration free convection model for patterned ground, in 5th International Conference on Permafrost, vol. 1, edited by K. Senneset, pp. 349-354, Tapir, Trondheim, Norway, 1988.
27. 2 on Mars, Icarus, 109, 102-120, 1994.
28. Head, J. W., M. Kreslavsky, H. Hiesinger, and S. Pratt, Northern seas and oceans in the past history of Mars: New evidence from Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA) data, Lunar Planet. Sci. [CD-ROM], XXX, abstract 1352, 1999.
29. Horner, V. M., and N. G. Barlow, Martian craters: Changes in the diameter range for ejecta fluidization with latitude, Lunar Planet. Sci., XIX, 505-506, 1988.
30. Johansen, L. A., The latitude dependence of Martian splosh cratering and its relationship to water, in Reports of Planetary Geology Program 1978-1979, NASA Tech. Memo., TM-80339, 123-125, 1979.
31. Keiffer, H. H., S. C. Chase Jr., E. Miner, G. Münch, and G. Neugebauer, Preliminary report on infrared radiometric measurements from the Mariner 9 spacecraft, J. Geophys. Res., 78, 4291-4312, 1973.
32. Komar, P. D., Modes of sediment transport in channelized water flows with ramifications to the erosion of the martian outflow channels, Icarus, 42, 317-329, 1980.
33. Krantz, W. B., Self-organization manifest as patterned ground in recurrently frozen soils, Earth Sci. Rev., 29, 117-130, 1990.
34. Krantz, W. B., K. J. Gleason, and T. N. Caine, Patterned ground: A common physical phenomenon shapes these uncommon manifestations of natural geometry, Sci. Am., 259, 68-76, 1988.
35. Kuzmin, R. O., N. N. Bobina, E. V. Zabalueva, and V. P. Shashkina, Structure inhomogeneities of the Martian cryolithosphere, Sol. Syst. Res., Engl. Transl., 22, 194-212, 1988.
36. Lliboutry, L., Traite de Glaciologie, vol. 2, pp. 927-964, Masson, Paris, 1964.
37. Lucchitta, B. K., Permafrost on Mars: Polygonally fractured ground, in Permafrost: 4th International Conference Proceedings, pp. 744-749, Natl. Acad. Press, Washington, D. C., 1983.
38. Lucchitta, B. K., H. M. Ferguson, and C. Summers, Sedimentary deposits in the northern lowland plains, Mars, Proc. Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf. 17th, J. Geophys. Res., 91, suppl., E166-E174, 1986.
39. Masursky, H., An overview of geologic results of Mariner 9, J. Geophys. Res., 78, 4037-4047, 1973.
40. Masursky, H., and N. L. Crabill, Search for the Viking 2 landing site, Science, 194, 62-68, 1976.
41. Masursky, H., J. M. Boyce, A. L. Dial, G. G. Schaber, and M. E. Strobell, Formation of Martian channels, J. Geophys. Res., 82, 4016-4038, 1977.
42. McCauley, J. F., M. H. Carr, J. A. Cutts, W. K. Hartmann, H. Masursky, D. J. Milton, R. P. Sharp, and D. E. Wilhelms, Preliminary Mariner 9 report on the geology of Mars, Icarus, 17, 289-327, 1972.
43. McGill, G. E., The giant polygons of Utopia, northern Martian plains, Geophys. Res. Lett., 13, 705-708, 1986.
44. McGill, G. E., and L. S. Hills, Origin of giant Martian polygons, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 2633-2647, 1992.
45. Mellon, M. T., Small-scale polygonal features on Mars: Seasonal thermal contraction cracks in permafrost, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 25,617-25,628, 1997.
46. Morris, E. C., and J. R. Underwood, Polygonal fractures of the Martian plains, NASA Tech. Memo., TM-79729, 97-99, 1978.
47. Mutch, T. A., R. E. Arvidson, J. W. Head III, K. L. Jones, and R. S. Saunders, The Geology of Mars, 400 pp., Princeton Univ. Press, Princeton, N. J., 1976.
48. Neugebauer, G., G. Münch, H. H. Keiffer, S. C. Chase Jr., and E. Miner, Mariner 1969 infrared radiometer results: Temperatures and thermal properties of the Martian surface, Astron. J., 76, 719-728, 1971.
49. Nummedal, D., Permafrost on Mars: Distribution, formation, and geological role, in Permafrost: 4th International Conference Proceedings, pp. 934-939, Natl. Acad. Press, Washington, D. C., 1983.
50. Parker, T. J., D. S. Gorsline, R. S. Saunders, D. C. Pieri, and D. M. Schneeberger, Coastal geomorphology of the Martian northern plains, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 11,061-11,078, 1993.
51. Pechmann, J. C., The origin of polygonal troughs on the northern plains of Mars, Icarus, 42, 185-210, 1980.
52. Perry, R. H., and C. H. Chilton, Handbook of Chemical Engineering, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1973.
53. Presley, M. A., and P. R. Christensen, Thermal conductivity measurements of particulate materials, 2, Results, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 6551-6566, 1997.
54. Ray, R. J., A Rayleigh convection, compliant ice front model for sorted-patterned-ground, M.S. thesis, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder, 1981.
55. Ray, R. J., W. B. Krantz, T. N. Caine, and R. D. Gunn, A mathematical model for patterned ground: Sorted polygons and stripes, and underwater polygons, in Permafrost: 4th International Conference Proceeding, pp. 1036-1041, Natl. Acad. Press, Washington, D. C., 1983a.
56. Ray, R. J., W. B. Krantz, T. N. Caine, and R. D. Gunn, A model for sorted patterned-ground regularity, J. Glaciol., 29, 317-337, 1983b.
57. Rossbacher, L. A., and S. Judson, Ground ice on Mars: Inventory, distribution, and resulting landforms, Icarus, 45, 39-59, 1981.
58. Rotto, S. L., and K. L. Tanaka, Chryse Planitia region, Mars: Channeling history, flood-volume estimates, and scenarios for bodies of water in the northern plains, in Workshop on the Martian Surface and Atmosphere Through Time, LPI Tech. Rep. 92-02, edited by R. M. Haberle and B. M. Jakosky, pp. 124-125, Lunar and Planet. Inst., Houston, Tex., 1992.
59. Smoluchowski, R., Mars: Retention of ice, Science, 159, 1348-1350, 1968.
60. Squyres, S. W., S. M. Clifford, R. O. Kuzmin, J. R. Zimbelman, and F. M. Costard, Ice in the martian regolith, in Mars, edited by H. H. Kieffer et al., pp. 523-554, Univ. of Ariz. Press, Tucson, 1992.
61. Tanaka, K. L., Stratigraphy of the Martian northern plains, in Workshop on the Martian Northern Plains: Sedimentological, Periglacial, and Paleoclimatic Evolution, LPI Tech. Rep. 93-04, part 1, edited by J. S. Kargel, J. Moore, and T. Parker, pp. 15-16, Lunar and Planet. Inst., Houston, Tex., 1993.
62. Tanaka, K. L., and S. M. Clifford, Seismic-triggering history of the catastrophic outflows in the Chryse region of Mars, in Workshop on the Martian Northern Plains: Sedimentological, Periglacial, and Paleoclimatic Evolution, LPI Tech. Rep. 93-04, part 1, edited by J. S. Kargel, J. Moore, and T. Parker, pp. 17-18, Lunar and Planet. Inst., Houston, Tex., 1993.
63. Tanaka, K. L., and D. J. MacKinnon, Basins and sedimentation within the Martian northern plains, Lunar Planet. Sci. [CD-ROM], XXX, abstract 1217, 1999.
64. Toon, O. B., J. B. Pollack, W. Ward, J. A. Burns, and K. Bilski, The astronomical theory of climate change on Mars, Icarus, 44, 552-607, 1980.
65. Turcotte, D. L., and G. Schubert, Geodynamics: Applications of Continuum Physics to Geological Problems, 450 pp., John Wiley, New York, 1982.
66. White, W. B., Geomorphology and Hydrology of Karst Terrains, 464 pp., Oxford Univ. Press, New York, 1988.
67. Zuber, M. T., et al., Internal structure and early thermal evolution of Mars from Mars Global Surveyor topography and gravity, Science, 287, 1788-1793, 2000.