Comparison of stationary and non-stationary metrics for detecting faults in helicopter gearboxes

Journal of the American Helicopter Society

Volumn 45, Issue 2, 2000, Pages 125-136

  Samuel, Paul D ^a   Pines, Darryll J ^a   Lewicki, David G ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND   (United States)

^b NASA GLENN RESEARCH CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

GEARS; HARMONIC ANALYSIS; MACHINE VIBRATIONS; WAVELET TRANSFORMS;

HELICOPTER GEARBOXES;

HELICOPTERS;

EID: 0033725875     PISSN: 00028711     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (34)

1. Roe, J. D. and Astridge, D. G., "The Health and Usage Monitoring of Helicopter Systems - The Next Generation," American Helicopter Society 41st Annual Forum Proceedings, Fort Worth, TX, May 15-17, 1985, pp. 175-187.
2. Land, J. and Weitzman, C., "How HUMS Systems Have the Potential of Significantly Reducing the Direct Operating Cost for Modern Helicopters Through Monitoring," American Helicopter Society 51st Annual Forum Proceedings, Fort Worth, TX, May 9-11, 1995, pp. 744-757.
3. Lombardo, D. C., "A Review of Loads, Fatigue Design Techniques and Usage Monitoring," Australian Department of Defense: Defense Science and Technology Organisation Aeronautical Research Laboratory, Technical Report No. 15, May 1993.
4. "Health and Monitoring System Enhances Helicopter Safety," Aviation Week and Space Technology, New York, Vol. 130, No. 12, September 20, 1993, pp. 94.
5. Marsh, G., "The Future of HUMS," Avionics Magazine, February 1996, pp. 22-27.
6. Kershner, S., Johnson, J., and Gamauf, M., "Sikorsky Support to Commercial Health and Usage Monitoring Systems (HUMS): A Summary of Forty Months of Support," American Helicopter Society 53rd Annual Forum Proceedings, Virginia Beach, VA, April 29-May 1, 1997, pp. 1233-1241.
7. Stewart, R. M., "Some Useful Analysis Techniques for Gearbox Diagnostics," Report MHM/R/10/77, Machine Health Monitoring Group, Institute of Sound and Vibration Research, University of Southampton, July 1997.
8. Zakrajsek, J. J., "A Review of Transmission Diagnostics Research at NASA Lewis Research Center," NASA TM-106746, ARL-TR-599, 1994.
9. Zakrajsek, J. J., Townsend, D. P., and Decker, H. J., "An Analysis of Gear Fault Detection Methods as Applied to Pitting Fatigue Failure Data," NASA TM-105950, AVSCOM TR-92-C-035, 1993.
10. Decker, H. J., Handschuh, R. F., and Zakrajsek, J. J., "An Enhancement to the NA4 Gear Vibration Diagnostic Parameter," NASA TM-106553, ARL-TR-389, 1994.
11. Choy, F. K., Huang, S., Zakrajsek, J. J., Handschuh, R. F., and Townsend, D., "Vibration Signature Analysis of a Faulted Gear Transmission System," NASA TM-106623, 1994.
12. Chin, H., Danai, K., and Lewicki, D., "Efficient Fault Diagnosis of Helicopter Gearbox Transmission," NASA TM-106253, TR-92-C-034, 1992.
13. Chin, H., Danai, K., and Lewicki, D., "Fault Detection of Helicopter Gear boxes Using the Multi-Valued Influence Matrix Method," NASA TM-106100, AVSCOM TR-92-C-015, 1992.
14. Jammu, V. B., Danai, K., and Lewicki, D. G., "Unsupervised Connectionist Network for Fault Diagnosis of Helicopter Gearboxes," American Helicopter Society 53rd Annual Forum Proceedings, Virginia Beach, VA, April 29-May 1, 1997, pp. 1297-1307.
15. McFadden, P. D., "Detecting Fatigue Cracks in Gears by Amplitude and Phase Demodulation of the Meshing Vibration," Journal of Vibration, Acoustics, Stress, and Reliability in Design, Vol. 108, April 1986, pp. 165-170.
16. Brennan, M. J., Chen, M. H., and Reynolds, A. G., "Use of Vibration Measurements to Detect Local Tooth Defects in Gears," Sound and Vibration, Vol. 31, No. 11, November 1997, pp. 12-17.
17. Larder, B. D., "An Analysis of HUMS Vibration Diagnostic Capabilities," American Helicopter Society 53rd Annual Forum Proceedings, Virginia Beach, VA, April 29-May 1, 1997, pp. 1308-1315.
18. Forrester, B. D., "Analysis of Gear Vibration in the Time-Frequency Domain," 44th Meeting of the Mechanical Failure Prevention Group, February 1990.
19. McFadden, P. D. and Wang, W. J., "Time-Frequency Domain Analysis of Vibration Signal for Machinery Diagnostics (II) the Weighted Wigner-Ville Distribution," Report OUEL 1891, University of Oxford, 1991.
20. Daubechies, I., "The Wavelet Transform, Time-Frequency Localization and Signal Analysis," IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, Vol. 36, No. 5, September 1990, pp. 961-1005.
21. Press, W. H., Teukolsky, S. A., Vetterling, W. T., and Flannery, B. P., Numerical Recipes in FORTRAN: The Art of Scientific Computing, Second Edition, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 584-599, 1992.
22. Wang, W. J. and McFadden, P. D., "Application of Orthogonal Wavelets to Early Gear Damage Detection," Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, Vol. 9, No. 5, September 1995, pp. 497-507.
23. Newland, D. E., An Introduction to Random Vibrations, Spectral, and Wavelet Analysis, Third Edition, Longman Group Ltd, Essex, 1993, pp. 359-370.
24. Newland, D. E., "Wavelet Analysis of Vibration, Part I: Theory,Journal of Vibration and Acoustics, Vol. 116, 1994, pp. 409-416.
25. Newland, D. E., "Wavelet Analysis of Vibration, Part II: Wavelet Maps," Journal of Vibration and Acoustics, Vol. 116, 1994, pp. 417-425.
26. Wang, W. J. and McFadden, P. D., "Application of Wavelets to Gear-box Vibration Signals for Fault Detection," Journal of Sound and Vibration, Vol. 192, No. 5, May 1996, pp. 927-939.
27. Lopez, J. E., Farber-Yeldman, I. A., Oliver, K. A., and Protz, M. W., "Hierarchical Neural Networks for Improved Fault Detection Using Multiple Sensors," American Helicopter Society 52nd Annual Forum Proceedings, Washington, D.C., June 4-6, 1996, pp. 1752-1758.
28. Samuel, P. D. and Pines, D. J., "Health Monitoring/Damage Detection of a Rotorcraft Planetary Geartrain Using Piezoelectric Sensors," Paper No. 3041-05, Proceedings of SPIE's 4th Annual Symposium on Smart Structures and Materials, San Diego, CA, March 2-6, 1997, pp. 44-53.
29. Samuel, P. D., "Multiple Fault Detection in a Rotorcraft Planetary Geartrain Using Non-Stationary Analysis," AIAA Regional Student Conference, Norfolk, VA, May 1997.
30. Cohen, L., Time-Frequency Analysis, Prentice Hall PTR, Engelwood Cliffs, New Jersey, 1995, pp. 44-50.
31. Mallat, S. G., "A Theory for Multiresolution Signal Decomposition: The Wavelet Representation," IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, Vol. 11, No. 7, July 1989, pp. 674-693.
32. Samuel, P. D., Pines, D. J., and Lewicki, D. G., "Fault Detection in the OH-58A Main Transmission Using the Wavelet Transform," Proceedings of the 52nd Meeting of the MFPT Society, Virginia Beach, VA, March 30-April 3, 1998, pp. 323-335.
33. Lewicki, D. G., Decker, H. J., and Shimski, J. T., "Development of a Full-Scale Transmission Testing Procedure to Evaluate Advanced Lubricants," NASA Technical Paper 3265, AVSCOM Technical Report 91-C-026, August 1992.
34. McFadden, P. D. and Howard, I. M., "The Detection of Seeded Faults in an Epicyclic Gearbox by Signal Averaging of the Vibration," ARL-PROP-R-183, AR-006-087, October 1990.