Calculating emission control scenarios and their costs in the RAINS model: Recent experience and future needs

Pollution Atmospherique

Volumn , Issue 163 SPEC. ISS., 2000, Pages 37-47

  Cofala, Janusz ^a   Amann, Marcus ^a   Klimont, Zbigniew ^a  

^a INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR APPLIED SYSTEMS ANALYSIS   (Austria)

Author keywords

Control strategies; Integrated assessment; SO2, NOx, NH3 and VOC emissions and control costs; Transboundary air pollution

Indexed keywords

ABATEMENT COST; ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION; EMISSION CONTROL; MODELING; TRANSBOUNDARY POLLUTION;

EID: 0033710930     PISSN: 00323632     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (29)

1. - Alcamo J, Shaw R, Hordijk L (eds.). The RAINS Model of Acidification. Science and Strategies in Europe. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands 1990.
2. - Amann M, Cofala J, Heyes C, Klimont Z, Schoepp W. The RAINS Model: A tool for Assessing Regional Emission Control Strategies in Europe. Pollution Atmosphérique 2000 (forthcoming).
3. nd Meeting of the UN/ECE Task Force on Integrated Assessment Modeling. International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg, Austria 1998. Document available in Internet (http:/www.iiasa.ac.at/~rains/).
4. - Barret K, Sandnes H. Transboundary Acidifying Air Pollution calculated transport and exchange across Europe, 1985-1995. In: Barret K, Berge E (eds.) Transboundary Air Pollution in Europe. MSC-W Status Report 1996, Meteorological Synthesizing Centre - West, Norwegian Meteorological Institute, Oslo, Norway 1996.
5. - Carros P et al. Business as Usual Energy Scenario for EU-15. National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), Athens, Greece 1997.
6. - Cofala J, Kurz R, Amann M. Environment and European Enlargement: Air Emissions. Environmental Issues Series No.8. European Environmental Agency, Copenhagen, Denmark, 1999.
7. - Cofala J, Syri S. Sulfur emissions, abatement technologies and related costs for Europe in the RAINS model. IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria 1998a. Document available in Internet (http:/www.iiasa.ac.at/~rains/).
8. - Cofala J, Syri S. Nitrogen oxides emissions, abatement technologies and related costs for Europe in the RAINS model. IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria 1998b. Document available in Internet (http:/www.iiasa.ac.at/~rains/).
9. - EC (European Commission). The European Auto Oil Program. A report by the Directorate Generals for: Industry; Energy; and Environment, Civil Protection & Nuclear Safety of the European Commission. DG XI 361/96. Brussels, Belgium 1996a.
10. - EC (European Commission). Energy in Europe. European Energy to 2020 - a Scenario Approach. A report by the Directorate General for Energy (DG-XVII) of the European Commission. Brussels, Belgium, 1996b.
11. - EC (European Commission). Proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council on National Emission Ceilings for Certain Atmospheric Pollutants. COM(1999) 125 final. Brussels, Belgium, 1999a.
12. - EC (European Commission). Energy in Europe. European Union Energy Outlook to 2020. A report by the Directorate General for Energy of the European Commission. Brussels, Belgium, 1999b.
13. - EEA (European Environmental Agency), Joint EMEP/CORINAIR Atmospheric Emission Inventory Guidebook, First Edition. Copenhagen, 1996.
14. - ERM, Costs and Benefits of the Reduction of VOC Emissions from Industry. ERM Economics, CHEM Systems, London, May 1996.
15. - IFARE, Task Force on the Assessment of Abatement Options/Techniques for Volatile Organic Compounds from Stationary Sources (Version April 1998). French-German Institute for Environmental Research, University of Karlsruhe, Germany 1998.
16. - Klaassen G. Costs of Controlling Ammonia Emissions in Europe. Report SR-91-02, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg, Austria 1991.
17. 3 Emissions and Control Costs Calculations. International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg, Austria, 1998. Document available in Internet (http:/www.iiasa.ac.at/~rains/).
18. - Klimont Z, Amann M, Cofala j. Estimating Costs for Controlling Emissions of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) from Stationary Sources in Europe. International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg, Austria 1998. Document available in Internet (http:/www.iiasa.ac.at/~rains/).
19. - Menzi, H, Frick R, Kaufmann R. Ammoniak-Emissionen in der Schweiz: Ausmass und technische Beurteilung des Reduktionspotentials. Schiftenreihe der FAL 26. Eidgenössiche Forschungsanstalt für Agragökologie und Landbau, Zürich-Reckenholz, Institut für Umwelschutz und Landwirtschaft, Liebefeld-Bern 1997.
20. - Posch M, De Smet PAM, Hettelingh JP, Downing RJ (eds.). Calculation and mapping of critical thresholds in Europe. Status Report 1997, Coordination Center for Effects, RIVM, Bilthoven, The Netherlands 1997.
21. - Rentz O, Schleef, HJ, Dorn R, Sasse H, Karl U. Emission Control at Stationary Sources in the Federal Republic of Germany. Vol. I: Sulfur Oxide and Nitrogen Oxide Emission Control. French - German Institute for Environmental Research, University of Karlsruhe (TH). Karlsruhe, Germany 1996.
22. - Schärer B. Technologies to Clean up Power Plants. Experience with a 21 billion DM FGD and SCR Retrofit Program in Germany. Part 1 and 2. Staub - Reinhaltung der Luft 53 1993; 87-92: 157-60.
23. - Takeshita M. Air Pollution Control Costs for Coal-Fired Power Stations, IEAPER/17, IEA Coal Research, London, UK 1995.
24. - Simpson D. Long period modelling of photochemical oxidants in Europe: A) hydrocarbon reactivity and ozone formation in Europe. B) On the linearity of country-to-country ozone calculations in Europe. EMEP MSC-W Note 1/92, Norwegian Meteorological Institute, Oslo, Norway 1992.
25. - Simpson D. Photochemical model calculations over Europe for two extended summer periods: 1985 and 1989. Model calculations and comparison with observations. Atmos Environ 1993; 6 (27A): 921-43.
26. - UN/ECE, Report on Abatement Techniques to Reduce Ammonia Emissions from Agricultural Livestock. Report of the UNECE Working Group on Technology prepared by The Netherlands (lead country). Ministry of Housing, Spatial planning and Environment, The Hague 1996a.
27. - UN/ECE, Energy Balances for Europe and North America 1992, 1993-2010. United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, Geneva, Switzerland 1996b.
28. - UN/ECE, Draft Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution to Abate Acidification, Eutrophication and Ground-Level Ozone. EB.AIR/1999/1. United Nations, Economic Commission for Europe, Geneva, Switzerland 1999.
29. - VROM/DGM (Ministerie van Volkshuisvesting, Ruimtelijke Ordening en Milieubeheer - Directoraat-General Milieubeheer) (1997) Vervolgonderzoek Kosteneffectiviteit van Milieumaatregelen in de Industrie - Eindrapportage. VROM, Den Haag March 1997.