메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 105, Issue C3, 2000, Pages 6453-6468

Second-moment closures and length scales for weakly stratified turbulent shear flows

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

HYDRODYNAMICS; RICHARDSON NUMBER; SHEAR FLOW; TURBULENCE;

EID: 0033670258     PISSN: None     EISSN: 21699291     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/1999jc900329     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (79)

References (74)
  • 1
    • 0000864955 scopus 로고
    • Modelling the 24 hour evolution of the mean and turbulent structures of the planetary boundary layer
    • Andre, J. C., G. DeMoor, P. Lacarre, G. Therry, and R. Du-Vachat, Modelling the 24 hour evolution of the mean and turbulent structures of the planetary boundary layer, J. Atmos. Sci., 35, 1861-1883, 1978.
    • (1978) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.35 , pp. 1861-1883
    • Andre, J.C.1    DeMoor, G.2    Lacarre, P.3    Therry, G.4    Du-Vachat, R.5
  • 2
    • 0027790460 scopus 로고
    • Single-point closures in a neutrally stratified boundary layer
    • Andren, A., and C.-H. Moeng, Single-point closures in a neutrally stratified boundary layer, J. Atmos. Sci., 50, 3366-3379, 1993.
    • (1993) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.50 , pp. 3366-3379
    • Andren, A.1    Moeng, C.-H.2
  • 3
    • 0031460397 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A limited-length-scale k-ε model for the neutral and stably stratified atmospheric boundary layer
    • Apsley, D. D., and I. P. Castro, A limited-length-scale k-ε model for the neutral and stably stratified atmospheric boundary layer, Boundary Layer Meteorology, 83, 75-98, 1997.
    • (1997) Boundary Layer Meteorology , vol.83 , pp. 75-98
    • Apsley, D.D.1    Castro, I.P.2
  • 4
    • 0001602690 scopus 로고
    • Hysteresis of turbulent kinetic energy in nonrotational tidal flows: A model study
    • Baumert, H., and G. Radach, Hysteresis of turbulent kinetic energy in nonrotational tidal flows: A model study, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 3669-3677, 1992.
    • (1992) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.97 , pp. 3669-3677
    • Baumert, H.1    Radach, G.2
  • 5
    • 0006994250 scopus 로고
    • A k-ε finite element simulation of buoyancy effects in the atmospheric surface layers
    • Am. Soc. Mech. Eng., New York
    • Betts, P., and V. Haroutunian, A k-ε finite element simulation of buoyancy effects in the atmospheric surface layers, Tech. Rep. 83-WA/HT-32, Am. Soc. Mech. Eng., New York, 1983.
    • (1983) Tech. Rep. 83-WA/HT-32
    • Betts, P.1    Haroutunian, V.2
  • 6
    • 0027804281 scopus 로고
    • Diurnal restratification and turbulence in the oceanic surface mixed layer, 2, Modeling
    • Brainerd, K. E., and M. C. Gregg, Diurnal restratification and turbulence in the oceanic surface mixed layer, 2, Modeling, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 22,657-22,664, 1993.
    • (1993) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.98
    • Brainerd, K.E.1    Gregg, M.C.2
  • 7
    • 0028833594 scopus 로고
    • On the performance of a mixed-layer model based on the k-ε turbulence closure
    • Burchard, H., and H. Baumert, On the performance of a mixed-layer model based on the k-ε turbulence closure, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 8523-8540, 1995.
    • (1995) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.100 , pp. 8523-8540
    • Burchard, H.1    Baumert, H.2
  • 8
    • 0000620226 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The formation of estuarine turbudity maxima due to density effects on the salt wedge. a hydrodynamic process study
    • Burchard, H., and H. Baumert, The formation of estuarine turbudity maxima due to density effects on the salt wedge. A hydrodynamic process study, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 28, 309-321, 1998.
    • (1998) J. Phys. Oceanogr. , vol.28 , pp. 309-321
    • Burchard, H.1    Baumert, H.2
  • 9
    • 0032523624 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparing the performance of the Mellor-Yamada and the k-ε two-equation turbulence models
    • Burchard, H., O. Petersen, and T. P. Rippeth, Comparing the performance of the Mellor-Yamada and the k-ε two-equation turbulence models, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 10,543-10,554, 1998.
    • (1998) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.103
    • Burchard, H.1    Petersen, O.2    Rippeth, T.P.3
  • 11
    • 0028174774 scopus 로고
    • On the practical advantages of the quasi-equilibrium version of the Mellor and Yamada level 2.5 turbulence closure applied to marine modelling
    • Deleersnijder, E., and P. Luyten, On the practical advantages of the quasi-equilibrium version of the Mellor and Yamada level 2.5 turbulence closure applied to marine modelling, Appl. Math. Modell., 18, 281-287, 1994.
    • (1994) Appl. Math. Modell. , vol.18 , pp. 281-287
    • Deleersnijder, E.1    Luyten, P.2
  • 12
    • 0000808247 scopus 로고
    • Vertical overturns: A comparison of Thorpe and Ozmidov length scales
    • Dillon, T. M., Vertical overturns: A comparison of Thorpe and Ozmidov length scales, J. Geophys. Res., 87, 9601-9613, 1982.
    • (1982) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.87 , pp. 9601-9613
    • Dillon, T.M.1
  • 13
    • 0001414852 scopus 로고
    • The available potential energy of overturns as an indicator of mixing in the seasonal thermocline
    • Dillon, T. M., and M. M. Park, The available potential energy of overturns as an indicator of mixing in the seasonal thermocline, J. Geophys. Res., 92, 5345-5353, 1987.
    • (1987) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.92 , pp. 5345-5353
    • Dillon, T.M.1    Park, M.M.2
  • 15
    • 0024192855 scopus 로고
    • A quasi-equilibrium turbulent energy model for geophysical flows
    • Galperin, B., L. H. Kantha, S. Hassid, and A. Rosati, A quasi-equilibrium turbulent energy model for geophysical flows, J. Atmos. Sci., 45, 55-62, 1988.
    • (1988) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.45 , pp. 55-62
    • Galperin, B.1    Kantha, L.H.2    Hassid, S.3    Rosati, A.4
  • 16
    • 0016917336 scopus 로고
    • On the calculation of horizontal turbulent free shear flows under gravitational influence
    • Gibson, M. M., and B. E. Launder, On the calculation of horizontal turbulent free shear flows under gravitational influence, J. Heat Transfer, C98, 81-87, 1976.
    • (1976) J. Heat Transfer , vol.C98 , pp. 81-87
    • Gibson, M.M.1    Launder, B.E.2
  • 17
    • 84956616989 scopus 로고
    • Diapycnal mixing in the thermocline: A review
    • Gregg, M. C., Diapycnal mixing in the thermocline: A review, J. Geophys. Res., 92, 5249-5286, 1987.
    • (1987) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.92 , pp. 5249-5286
    • Gregg, M.C.1
  • 18
    • 0000381964 scopus 로고
    • Scaling of turbulent dissipation in the thermocline
    • Gregg, M. C., Scaling of turbulent dissipation in the thermocline, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 9686-9697, 1989.
    • (1989) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.94 , pp. 9686-9697
    • Gregg, M.C.1
  • 19
    • 0006975087 scopus 로고
    • Second-moment modelling of free buoyant shear flows: A comparison of parabolic and elliptic solutions
    • edited by J. S. Puttock, Clarendon, Oxford, England
    • Haroutunian, V., and B. E. Launder, Second-moment modelling of free buoyant shear flows: A comparison of parabolic and elliptic solutions, in Stably Stratified Flow and Dense Gas Dispersion, edited by J. S. Puttock, pp. 409-430, Clarendon, Oxford, England, 1988.
    • (1988) Stably Stratified Flow and Dense Gas Dispersion , pp. 409-430
    • Haroutunian, V.1    Launder, B.E.2
  • 20
    • 0020870290 scopus 로고
    • A turbulent energy model for geophysical flows
    • Hassid, S., and B. Galperin, A turbulent energy model for geophysical flows, Boundary Layer Meteorol., 26, 397-412, 1983.
    • (1983) Boundary Layer Meteorol. , vol.26 , pp. 397-412
    • Hassid, S.1    Galperin, B.2
  • 22
    • 0002740616 scopus 로고
    • Length scales in stably stratified turbulent flows and their use in turbulence models
    • edited by J. S. Puttock, Clarendon, Oxford, England
    • Hunt, J. R. C., D. D. Stretch, and R. E. Britter, Length scales in stably stratified turbulent flows and their use in turbulence models, in Stably Stratified Flow and Dense Gas Dispersion, edited by J. S. Puttock, 285-321, Clarendon, Oxford, England, 1988.
    • (1988) Stably Stratified Flow and Dense Gas Dispersion , pp. 285-321
    • Hunt, J.R.C.1    Stretch, D.D.2    Britter, R.E.3
  • 23
    • 0022826608 scopus 로고
    • The evolution of grid-generated turbulence in a stably stratified fluid
    • Itsweire, E. C., K. N. Helland, and C. W. Van Atta, The evolution of grid-generated turbulence in a stably stratified fluid, J. Fluid Mech., 162, 299-338, 1986.
    • (1986) J. Fluid Mech. , vol.162 , pp. 299-338
    • Itsweire, E.C.1    Helland, K.N.2    Van Atta, C.W.3
  • 24
    • 0027800533 scopus 로고
    • Turbulence in stratified shear flows: Implications for interpreting shear-induced mixing in the ocean
    • Itsweire, E. C., J. R. Koseff, D. A. Briggs, and J. H. Ferziger, Turbulence in stratified shear flows: Implications for interpreting shear-induced mixing in the ocean, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 23, 1508-1522, 1993.
    • (1993) J. Phys. Oceanogr. , vol.23 , pp. 1508-1522
    • Itsweire, E.C.1    Koseff, J.R.2    Briggs, D.A.3    Ferziger, J.H.4
  • 25
    • 0026067583 scopus 로고
    • On the nature of turbulence in a stratified fluid. Part I: The energetics of mixing
    • Ivey, G. N., and J. Imberger, On the nature of turbulence in a stratified fluid. Part I: The energetics of mixing, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 21, 650-658, 1991.
    • (1991) J. Phys. Oceanogr. , vol.21 , pp. 650-658
    • Ivey, G.N.1    Imberger, J.2
  • 26
    • 0031177713 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Direct numerical simulations of the turbulence evolution in a uniformly sheared and stably stratified flow
    • Jacobitz, F., S. Sarkar, and C. W. Van Atta, Direct numerical simulations of the turbulence evolution in a uniformly sheared and stably stratified flow, J. Fluid Mech., 342, 231-261, 1997.
    • (1997) J. Fluid Mech. , vol.342 , pp. 231-261
    • Jacobitz, F.1    Sarkar, S.2    Van Atta, C.W.3
  • 27
    • 0003540848 scopus 로고
    • Equations of turbulent motion of an incompressible fluid
    • Engl. Transl., Rep. ON/6, Mech. Eng. Dep., Imperial College, London
    • Kolmogorov, A. N., Equations of turbulent motion of an incompressible fluid, Izv. Akad. Nauk. SSSR, Ser. Fiz., no. 1-2, 56-58, 1942. (Engl. Transl., Rep. ON/6, Mech. Eng. Dep., Imperial College, London, 1968.)
    • (1942) Izv. Akad. Nauk. SSSR, Ser. Fiz. , Issue.1-2 , pp. 56-58
    • Kolmogorov, A.N.1
  • 28
    • 0028591570 scopus 로고
    • Oceanic vertical mixing: A review and a model with a nonlocal boundary layer parameterization
    • Large, W. G., J. C. McWilliams, and S. C. Doney, Oceanic vertical mixing: A review and a model with a nonlocal boundary layer parameterization, Rev. Geophys., 32, 363-403, 1994.
    • (1994) Rev. Geophys. , vol.32 , pp. 363-403
    • Large, W.G.1    McWilliams, J.C.2    Doney, S.C.3
  • 31
    • 0025200196 scopus 로고
    • The decay of turbulence in thermally stratified flow
    • Lienhard, J. H., and C. W. Van Atta, The decay of turbulence in thermally stratified flow, J. Fluid Mech., 210, 57-112, 1990.
    • (1990) J. Fluid Mech. , vol.210 , pp. 57-112
    • Lienhard, J.H.1    Van Atta, C.W.2
  • 32
    • 85007201476 scopus 로고
    • Turbulence and entrainment in a buoyant surface plume
    • Luketina, D. A., and J. Imberger, Turbulence and entrainment in a buoyant surface plume, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 12,619-12,636, 1989.
    • (1989) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.94
    • Luketina, D.A.1    Imberger, J.2
  • 34
    • 84905413688 scopus 로고
    • Stably stratified free surface shear layers with internal hydraulic jumps
    • edited by J. S. Puttock, Oxford Univ. Press, New York
    • McGuirk, J., Stably stratified free surface shear layers with internal hydraulic jumps., in Stably Stratified Flow and Dense Gas Dispersion, edited by J. S. Puttock, pp. 20-36, Oxford Univ. Press, New York, 1988.
    • (1988) Stably Stratified Flow and Dense Gas Dispersion , pp. 20-36
    • McGuirk, J.1
  • 35
    • 0000247365 scopus 로고
    • Analytic prediction of the properties of stratified planetary surface layers
    • Mellor, G. L., Analytic prediction of the properties of stratified planetary surface layers, J. Atmos. Sci., 30, 1061-1069, 1973.
    • (1973) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.30 , pp. 1061-1069
    • Mellor, G.L.1
  • 36
    • 0003005835 scopus 로고
    • Retrospect on oceanic boundary layer modeling and second moment closure
    • edited by P. Müller, Univ. of Hawaii, Honolulu
    • Mellor, G. L., Retrospect on oceanic boundary layer modeling and second moment closure, in Parameterization of Small-Scale Processes, Proceedings of the Hawaiian Winter Workshop, edited by P. Müller, pp. 251-272, Univ. of Hawaii, Honolulu, 1989.
    • (1989) Parameterization of Small-Scale Processes, Proceedings of the Hawaiian Winter Workshop , pp. 251-272
    • Mellor, G.L.1
  • 37
    • 0001200795 scopus 로고
    • The structure and dynamics of the ocean surface mixed layer
    • Mellor, G. L., and P. A. Durbin, The structure and dynamics of the ocean surface mixed layer, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 5, 718-728, 1975.
    • (1975) J. Phys. Oceanogr. , vol.5 , pp. 718-728
    • Mellor, G.L.1    Durbin, P.A.2
  • 38
    • 0000265493 scopus 로고
    • A hierarchy of turbulence closure models for planetary boundary layers
    • Mellor, G. L., and T. Yamada, A hierarchy of turbulence closure models for planetary boundary layers, J. Atmos. Sci., 31, 1791-1806, 1974.
    • (1974) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.31 , pp. 1791-1806
    • Mellor, G.L.1    Yamada, T.2
  • 39
    • 0020330926 scopus 로고
    • Development of a turbulence closure model for geophysical fluid problems
    • Mellor, G. L., and T. Yamada, Development of a turbulence closure model for geophysical fluid problems, Rev. Geophys. Space Phys., 20, 851-875, 1982.
    • (1982) Rev. Geophys. Space Phys. , vol.20 , pp. 851-875
    • Mellor, G.L.1    Yamada, T.2
  • 40
    • 0029839276 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Energy-containing scales of stratified turbulence
    • Mourn, J. N., Energy-containing scales of stratified turbulence, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 14,095-14,109, 1996.
    • (1996) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.101
    • Mourn, J.N.1
  • 41
    • 0000726939 scopus 로고
    • Notes on a theory of the thermocline
    • Munk, W. H., and E. R. Anderson, Notes on a theory of the thermocline, J. Mar. Res., 7, 276-295, 1948.
    • (1948) J. Mar. Res. , vol.7 , pp. 276-295
    • Munk, W.H.1    Anderson, E.R.2
  • 42
    • 0021638963 scopus 로고
    • The turbulent structure of the stable, nocturnal boundary layer
    • Nieuwstadt, F. T. M., The turbulent structure of the stable, nocturnal boundary layer, J. Atmos. Sci., 41, 2202-2216, 1984.
    • (1984) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.41 , pp. 2202-2216
    • Nieuwstadt, F.T.M.1
  • 43
    • 0019374417 scopus 로고
    • Parameterization of vertical mixing in numerical models of the tropical oceans
    • Pacanowski, R. C., and S. G. H. Philander, Parameterization of vertical mixing in numerical models of the tropical oceans, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 11, 1443-1451, 1981.
    • (1981) J. Phys. Oceanogr. , vol.11 , pp. 1443-1451
    • Pacanowski, R.C.1    Philander, S.G.H.2
  • 44
    • 0031194057 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Observations of stratified turbulent mixing in an estuary. Neap-to-spring variations during high river flow
    • Peters, H., Observations of stratified turbulent mixing in an estuary. Neap-to-spring variations during high river flow, Estuarine Coastal Shelf Sci., 45, 69-88, 1997.
    • (1997) Estuarine Coastal Shelf Sci. , vol.45 , pp. 69-88
    • Peters, H.1
  • 45
    • 0029507355 scopus 로고
    • Detail and scaling of turbulent overturns in the Pacific Equatorial Undercurrent
    • Peters, H., M. C. Gregg, and T. B. Sanford, Detail and scaling of turbulent overturns in the Pacific Equatorial Undercurrent, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 18,349-18,368, 1995.
    • (1995) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.100
    • Peters, H.1    Gregg, M.C.2    Sanford, T.B.3
  • 46
    • 0031103895 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The evolution of a uniformly sheared thermally stratified turbulent flow
    • Piccirillo, P., and C. W. Van Atta, The evolution of a uniformly sheared thermally stratified turbulent flow, J. Fluid Mech., 334, 61-86, 1997.
    • (1997) J. Fluid Mech. , vol.334 , pp. 61-86
    • Piccirillo, P.1    Van Atta, C.W.2
  • 47
    • 0030620558 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial variability of turbulent mixing in the abyssal ocean
    • Polzin, K. L., J. M. Toole, J. R. Ledwell, and R. W. Schmitt, Spatial variability of turbulent mixing in the abyssal ocean, Science, 276, 93-96, 1997.
    • (1997) Science , vol.276 , pp. 93-96
    • Polzin, K.L.1    Toole, J.M.2    Ledwell, J.R.3    Schmitt, R.W.4
  • 49
    • 0002330448 scopus 로고
    • Calculations of stably stratified shear layer flows with a buoyancy-extended k-ε model
    • edited by J. Hunt, Clarendon, Oxford, England
    • Rodi, W., Calculations of stably stratified shear layer flows with a buoyancy-extended k-ε model, in Turbulence and Diffusion in Stable Environments, edited by J. Hunt, pp. 111-140, Clarendon, Oxford, England, 1985.
    • (1985) Turbulence and Diffusion in Stable Environments , pp. 111-140
    • Rodi, W.1
  • 50
    • 0343771733 scopus 로고
    • Examples of calculation methods for flow and mixing in stratified fluids
    • Rodi, W., Examples of calculation methods for flow and mixing in stratified fluids, J. Geophys. Res., 92, 5305-5328, 1987.
    • (1987) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.92 , pp. 5305-5328
    • Rodi, W.1
  • 52
    • 0024197167 scopus 로고
    • Growth and decay of turbulence in a stably stratified shear flow
    • Rohr, J. J., E. C. Itsweire, K. N. Heiland, and C. W. Van Atta, Growth and decay of turbulence in a stably stratified shear flow, J. Fluid Mech., 195, 77-111, 1988.
    • (1988) J. Fluid Mech. , vol.195 , pp. 77-111
    • Rohr, J.J.1    Itsweire, E.C.2    Heiland, K.N.3    Van Atta, C.W.4
  • 53
    • 0001455341 scopus 로고
    • Mesoscale modelling in complex terrain - An overview on the German non-hydrostatic models
    • Schlünzen, K. H., Mesoscale modelling in complex terrain - An overview on the German non-hydrostatic models, Beitr. Phys. Atmos., 67, 243-253, 1994.
    • (1994) Beitr. Phys. Atmos. , vol.67 , pp. 243-253
    • Schlünzen, K.H.1
  • 54
    • 33947504722 scopus 로고
    • Subgrid length-scales for large-eddy simulation of stratified turbulence
    • Schumann, U., Subgrid length-scales for large-eddy simulation of stratified turbulence, Theor. Comp. Fluid Dyn., 2, 279-290, 1991.
    • (1991) Theor. Comp. Fluid Dyn. , vol.2 , pp. 279-290
    • Schumann, U.1
  • 55
    • 0006904246 scopus 로고
    • Correlations in homogeneous stratified shear turbulence
    • Schumann, U., Correlations in homogeneous stratified shear turbulence, Acta Mech., 2, Suppl. 4, 105-111, 1994.
    • (1994) Acta Mech. , vol.2 , Issue.4 SUPPL. , pp. 105-111
    • Schumann, U.1
  • 56
    • 0028973702 scopus 로고
    • Turbulent mixing in stably stratified shear flows
    • Schumann, U., and T. Gerz, Turbulent mixing in stably stratified shear flows, J. Appl. Meteorol., 34, 33-48, 1995.
    • (1995) J. Appl. Meteorol. , vol.34 , pp. 33-48
    • Schumann, U.1    Gerz, T.2
  • 57
    • 0024899563 scopus 로고
    • On the prediction of equilibrium states in homogeneous turbulence
    • Speziale, C. G., and N. Mac-Giolla-Mhuiris, On the prediction of equilibrium states in homogeneous turbulence, J. Fluid Mech., 209, 591-615, 1989.
    • (1989) J. Fluid Mech. , vol.209 , pp. 591-615
    • Speziale, C.G.1    Mac-Giolla-Mhuiris, N.2
  • 59
    • 0020765196 scopus 로고
    • Experiments on the transition of homogeneous turbulence to internal waves in a stratified fluid
    • Stillinger, D. C., K. N. Heiland, and W. C. Van Atta, Experiments on the transition of homogeneous turbulence to internal waves in a stratified fluid, J. Fluid Mech., 131, 91-122, 1983.
    • (1983) J. Fluid Mech. , vol.131 , pp. 91-122
    • Stillinger, D.C.1    Heiland, K.N.2    Van Atta, W.C.3
  • 60
    • 0003744018 scopus 로고
    • Mathematical model of the seasonal thermocline
    • Dep. of Water Resour. Eng., Univ. of Lund, Lund, Sweden
    • Svensson, U., Mathematical model of the seasonal thermocline, Dep. of Water Resour. Eng., Tech. Rep. 1001, Univ. of Lund, Lund, Sweden, 1978.
    • (1978) Tech. Rep. 1001
    • Svensson, U.1
  • 61
    • 0019374772 scopus 로고
    • Experiments on nearly homogeneous turbulent shear flow with a uniform temperature gradient, part 1
    • Tavoularis, S., and S. Corrsin, Experiments on nearly homogeneous turbulent shear flow with a uniform temperature gradient, part 1, J. Fluid Mech., 104, 311-347, 1981.
    • (1981) J. Fluid Mech. , vol.104 , pp. 311-347
    • Tavoularis, S.1    Corrsin, S.2
  • 62
    • 0000670205 scopus 로고
    • Statistical theory of turbulence
    • Taylor, G. I., Statistical theory of turbulence, Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser. A, 151, 421-444, 1935.
    • (1935) Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser. A , vol.151 , pp. 421-444
    • Taylor, G.I.1
  • 63
    • 0002784122 scopus 로고
    • Two- and three-dimensional turbulence
    • edited by J. R. Herring and J. McWilliams, World Sci., River Edge, N. J.
    • Tennekes, H., Two- and three-dimensional turbulence., in Lecture Notes on Turbulence, edited by J. R. Herring and J. McWilliams, pp. 20-36, World Sci., River Edge, N. J., 1989.
    • (1989) Lecture Notes on Turbulence , pp. 20-36
    • Tennekes, H.1
  • 64
  • 65
    • 0032836478 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On parameterizing turbulence growth rates and fluxes in nonequilibrium stably stratified turbulent shear flows
    • Van Atta, C. W., On parameterizing turbulence growth rates and fluxes in nonequilibrium stably stratified turbulent shear flows, J. Mar. Sys., 21, 103-112, 1999.
    • (1999) J. Mar. Sys. , vol.21 , pp. 103-112
    • Van Atta, C.W.1
  • 66
    • 0027090971 scopus 로고
    • Vertical diffusivity and overturning length in stably stratified turbulence
    • Weinstock, J., Vertical diffusivity and overturning length in stably stratified turbulence, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 12,653-12,658, 1992.
    • (1992) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.97
    • Weinstock, J.1
  • 67
    • 0030801638 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Shannon entropy as an indicator of age for turbulent overturns in the oceanic thermocline
    • Wijesekera, H. W., and T. M. Dillon, Shannon entropy as an indicator of age for turbulent overturns in the oceanic thermocline, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 3279-3291, 1997.
    • (1997) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.102 , pp. 3279-3291
    • Wijesekera, H.W.1    Dillon, T.M.2
  • 68
    • 19244385181 scopus 로고
    • Some statistical and dynamical properties of turbulence in the oceanic pycnocline
    • Wijesekera, H., T. M. Dillon, and L. Padman, Some statistical and dynamical properties of turbulence in the oceanic pycnocline, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 22,665-22,679, 1993.
    • (1993) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.98
    • Wijesekera, H.1    Dillon, T.M.2    Padman, L.3
  • 69
    • 0024104472 scopus 로고
    • Reassessment of the scale determining equation for advanced turbulence
    • Wilcox, D. C., Reassessment of the scale determining equation for advanced turbulence, AIAA J., 26, 1299-1310, 1986.
    • (1986) AIAA J. , vol.26 , pp. 1299-1310
    • Wilcox, D.C.1
  • 70
    • 0022164351 scopus 로고
    • Structure of the planetary boundary layer and implications for its modelling
    • Wyngaard, J., Structure of the planetary boundary layer and implications for its modelling, J. Clim. Appl. Meteorol., 24, 1131-1142, 1985.
    • (1985) J. Clim. Appl. Meteorol. , vol.24 , pp. 1131-1142
    • Wyngaard, J.1
  • 71
    • 0002655771 scopus 로고
    • Scalar fluxes in the planetary boundary layer - Theory, modeling, and measurement
    • Wyngaard, J., Scalar fluxes in the planetary boundary layer - Theory, modeling, and measurement, Boundary Layer Meteorol., 50, 49-75, 1990.
    • (1990) Boundary Layer Meteorol. , vol.50 , pp. 49-75
    • Wyngaard, J.1
  • 72
    • 0016506922 scopus 로고
    • The critical Richardson number and the ratio of the eddy transport coefficients from a turbulence closure model
    • Yamada, T., The critical Richardson number and the ratio of the eddy transport coefficients from a turbulence closure model, J. Atmos. Sci., 32, 926-933, 1975.
    • (1975) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.32 , pp. 926-933
    • Yamada, T.1
  • 73
    • 0022466868 scopus 로고
    • Turbulent time scale for turbulent flow calculation
    • Zeierman, S., and M. Wolfshtein, Turbulent time scale for turbulent flow calculation, AIAA Journal, 24, 1606-1610, 1986.
    • (1986) AIAA Journal , vol.24 , pp. 1606-1610
    • Zeierman, S.1    Wolfshtein, M.2
  • 74
    • 0017009760 scopus 로고
    • Modeling buoyancy driven mixed layers
    • Zeman, O., and J. L. Lumley, Modeling buoyancy driven mixed layers, J. Atmos. Sci., 33, 1974-1988, 1976.
    • (1976) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.33 , pp. 1974-1988
    • Zeman, O.1    Lumley, J.L.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.