Lebanon's Islamists and local politics: A new reality

Third World Quarterly

Volumn 21, Issue 5, 2000, Pages 739-759

  Hamzeh, A Nizar ^a  

^a AMERICAN UNIVERSITY OF BEIRUT   (Lebanon)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ELECTION; ISLAMISM; LOCAL GOVERNMENT; POLITICAL PARTICIPATION;

LEBANON;

EID: 0033668469     PISSN: 01436597     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/713701078     Document Type: Article

References (63)

1. For more information on these movements, see A Nizar Hamzeh, 'Islamism in Lebanon: a guide to the groups', Middle East Quarterly, September 1997, pp 47-54.
2. Maurice Duverger, Political Parties: Their Organization and Activity in the Modern State. London: Methuen, 1978: and Giovani Santori, Parties and Party System, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1979.
3. Maurice Duverger, Political Parties: Their Organization and Activity in the Modern State. London: Methuen, 1978: and Giovani Santori, Parties and Party System, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1979.
4. For further discussion see William Zartman, 'Political Islam: can it become a loyal opposition?', Middle East Policy, January 1997, pp 74-79; Daniel Pipes, 'Symposium: resurgent Islam in the Middle East', Middle East Policy, August 1994, pp 5-8; Bernard Lewis, 'Islam and liberal democracy', The Atlantic, February 1993, pp 89-98; Martin Kramer, 'Islam vs democracy', Commentary, January 1993, pp 35-42; and Oliver Roy, The Failure of Political Islam, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1994.
5. For further discussion see William Zartman, 'Political Islam: can it become a loyal opposition?', Middle East Policy, January 1997, pp 74-79; Daniel Pipes, 'Symposium: resurgent Islam in the Middle East', Middle East Policy, August 1994, pp 5-8; Bernard Lewis, 'Islam and liberal democracy', The Atlantic, February 1993, pp 89-98; Martin Kramer, 'Islam vs democracy', Commentary, January 1993, pp 35-42; and Oliver Roy, The Failure of Political Islam, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1994.
6. For further discussion see William Zartman, 'Political Islam: can it become a loyal opposition?', Middle East Policy, January 1997, pp 74-79; Daniel Pipes, 'Symposium: resurgent Islam in the Middle East', Middle East Policy, August 1994, pp 5-8; Bernard Lewis, 'Islam and liberal democracy', The Atlantic, February 1993, pp 89-98; Martin Kramer, 'Islam vs democracy', Commentary, January 1993, pp 35-42; and Oliver Roy, The Failure of Political Islam, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1994.
7. For further discussion see William Zartman, 'Political Islam: can it become a loyal opposition?', Middle East Policy, January 1997, pp 74-79; Daniel Pipes, 'Symposium: resurgent Islam in the Middle East', Middle East Policy, August 1994, pp 5-8; Bernard Lewis, 'Islam and liberal democracy', The Atlantic, February 1993, pp 89-98; Martin Kramer, 'Islam vs democracy', Commentary, January 1993, pp 35-42; and Oliver Roy, The Failure of Political Islam, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1994.
8. For further discussion see William Zartman, 'Political Islam: can it become a loyal opposition?', Middle East Policy, January 1997, pp 74-79; Daniel Pipes, 'Symposium: resurgent Islam in the Middle East', Middle East Policy, August 1994, pp 5-8; Bernard Lewis, 'Islam and liberal democracy', The Atlantic, February 1993, pp 89-98; Martin Kramer, 'Islam vs democracy', Commentary, January 1993, pp 35-42; and Oliver Roy, The Failure of Political Islam, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1994.
9. John L Esposito (ed), Political Islam: Revolution, Radicalism or Reform? Boulder, co: Lynne Rienner, 1997; Mumtaz Ahmad, 'Political Islam: can it become a loyal opposition?', Middle East Policy, January 1997, pp 68-74: John Esposito & James Piscatori: 'Democratization and Islam', Middle East Quarterly, September 1994, pp 3-11.
10. John L Esposito (ed), Political Islam: Revolution, Radicalism or Reform? Boulder, co: Lynne Rienner, 1997; Mumtaz Ahmad, 'Political Islam: can it become a loyal opposition?', Middle East Policy, January 1997, pp 68-74: John Esposito & James Piscatori: 'Democratization and Islam', Middle East Quarterly, September 1994, pp 3-11.
11. John L Esposito (ed), Political Islam: Revolution, Radicalism or Reform? Boulder, co: Lynne Rienner, 1997; Mumtaz Ahmad, 'Political Islam: can it become a loyal opposition?', Middle East Policy, January 1997, pp 68-74: John Esposito & James Piscatori: 'Democratization and Islam', Middle East Quarterly, September 1994, pp 3-11.
12. See John Esposito, 'Symposium: resurgent Islam in the Middle East', Middle East Policy, August 1994, pp 8-13; Mumtaz Ahmad, 'Political Islam', pp 72-73; and Lisa Anderson, 'Fulfilling prophecies: state policy and Islamist radicalism', in Esposito, Political Islam, pp 18-19.
13. See John Esposito, 'Symposium: resurgent Islam in the Middle East', Middle East Policy, August 1994, pp 8-13; Mumtaz Ahmad, 'Political Islam', pp 72-73; and Lisa Anderson, 'Fulfilling prophecies: state policy and Islamist radicalism', in Esposito, Political Islam, pp 18-19.
14. See John Esposito, 'Symposium: resurgent Islam in the Middle East', Middle East Policy, August 1994, pp 8-13; Mumtaz Ahmad, 'Political Islam', pp 72-73; and Lisa Anderson, 'Fulfilling prophecies: state policy and Islamist radicalism', in Esposito, Political Islam, pp 18-19.
15. Richard Dekmijian, Islam in Revolution, Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 1995, pp 21, 58.
16. Ibid. p 222.
17. For further discussion on clientalism see Ernest Gellner & John Waterbury (eds). Patrons and Clients in Mediterranean Societies, London: Duckworth, 1977.
18. Dekmijian, Islam in Revolution, p 162.
19. Hamzeh, 'Islamism in Lebanon', p 53.
20. Ibid, p 49.
21. For full translated text of the Taif, see Beirut Review, Spring 1991, pp 119-160.
22. A Nizar Hamzeh, 'Lebanon's Hizbullah: from Islamic revolution to parliamentary accommodation', Third World Quarterly, Spring 1993, pp 323-324.
23. Hamzeh, 'Islamism in Lebanon', p 53.
24. Dekmijian, Islam in Revolution, p 58. See also the speech of the politburo member of the Jama'ah al-Islamiyyah, Engineer Abdallah Babiti, al-Safir, 15 June 1998, p 3.
25. Dekmijian, Islam in Revolution, p 58. See also the speech of the politburo member of the Jama'ah al-Islamiyyah, Engineer Abdallah Babiti, al-Safir, 15 June 1998, p 3.
26. See A. Nizar Hamzeh, 'The future of Islamic movements in Lebanon', in A Moussalli (ed), Islamic Fundamentalism: Myths and Realities, Reading: Ithaca, 1998, pp 256-260.
27. Hamzeh, 'Islamism in Lebanon', pp 48-49.
28. Randa Antoun, 'Municipalities in Lebanon: past and present', The Lebanon Report, 4, 1995, p 35. See also Walter Ritsher, Municipal Government in Lebanon, Beirut: American Press, 1932.
29. Randa Antoun, 'Municipalities in Lebanon: past and present', The Lebanon Report, 4, 1995, p 35. See also Walter Ritsher, Municipal Government in Lebanon, Beirut: American Press, 1932.
30. Antoun, 'Municipalities in Lebanon', p 37.
31. See the declaration of Hizbullah's deputy al-Hajj Mohammed Raad in al-Nahar, 11 June 1998, p 5.
32. See As-Safir, 6 June 1998, p 2.
33. Hizbullah's programmes were collected from al-Ahd magazine (Hizbullah's mouthpiece) during the municipal election period 24 May-14 June 1998.
34. See Zuhair al-Oubaidi, As-Safir, 22 June 1998, p 4.
35. Ibid.
36. al-Shira', 1 June 1998, p 15.
37. Ibid.
38. al-Shira', 15 June 1998, p 20.
39. al-Ahd, 5 June 1998, p 12.
40. al-Shira', 15 June 1998, p 15.
41. Daily Star, 9 June 1998, pp 1-2.
42. Daily Star, 4 June 1998, p 1.
43. Nahar al-Shabab, 16 June 1998, pp 28-29.
44. al-Ahd, 12 June 1998, p 5.
45. As-Safir, 22 June 1998, p 4.
46. See Carol Dagher in al-Safir, 22 June 1998, p 2; and al-Jama'ah al-Islamiyyah report number 2, Office of the Seretary General, 25 May 1998.
47. See Carol Dagher in al-Safir, 22 June 1998, p 2; and al-Jama'ah al-Islamiyyah report number 2, Office of the Seretary General, 25 May 1998.
48. See al-Jama'ah al-Islamiyyah report number 3, Office of the Secretary General, 1 June 1998; and Dagher, As-Safir.
49. See al-Jama'ah al-Islamiyyah report number 5, Office of the Secretary General, 14 June 1998.
50. See al-Jama'a al-Islamiyya report number 4, Office of the Secretary General, 7 June 1998; and interview with Zouhair al-Oubaidi in As-Safir, 22 June 1998, p 4.
51. See al-Jama'a al-Islamiyya report number 4, Office of the Secretary General, 7 June 1998; and interview with Zouhair al-Oubaidi in As-Safir, 22 June 1998, p 4.
52. Daily Star, 4, June 1998, p 2.
53. see Hassan Krayem 'Elections in the south: the old stage and the reproduction of the story,' (in Arabic), in Paul Salem, 1996 Parliamentary Elections and the Crisis of Democracy (in Arabic), Beirut: Lebanese Center for Policy Studies, 1998, pp 214-216.
54. As-Shira', 8 June 1998, p 8.
55. Daily Star, 27 May 1998, p 2; see also As-Shira', 8 June 1998, p 14.
56. Daily Star, 27 May 1998, p 2; see also As-Shira', 8 June 1998, p 14.
57. Daily Star, 2 June 1998, p 2.
58. See the editorial in al-Ahd, 29 May 1998, p 2.
59. Daily Star, 8 June 1998, p 2. See also Al-Ahd (Hizbullah's mouthpiece), 12 June 1998, p 11.
60. Daily Star, 8 June 1998, p 2. See also Al-Ahd (Hizbullah's mouthpiece), 12 June 1998, p 11.
61. As-Safir, 16 June 1998, p 1.
62. See interview with Zouhair al-Oubaidi, As-Safir, 22 June 1998, p 4.
63. See report of the Jama'ah al-Islamiyyah, number 5, Office of the Secretary General.