The state of nutrition in Saudi Arabia

Nutrition and Health

Volumn 14, Issue 1, 2000, Pages 17-31

  Madani, Khalid A ^a,d   Al Amoudi, Nadia S ^b   Kumosani, Taha A ^c  

^a MINISTRY OF HEALTH   (Saudi Arabia)

^b Department of Nutrition and Food Science   (Saudi Arabia)

^c KING ABDULAZIZ UNIVERSITY   (Saudi Arabia)

^d NONE   (Saudi Arabia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

TRACE ELEMENT;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CATERING SERVICE; CHILD; DIABETES MELLITUS; DIET; EATING; FEMALE; HUMAN; INFANT; MALE; METABOLISM; NEOPLASM; NEWBORN; NUTRITIONAL DISORDER; NUTRITIONAL STATUS; OBESITY; PHYSIOLOGY; PRESCHOOL CHILD; PREVALENCE; REVIEW; SAUDI ARABIA; STANDARD; STATISTICS;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; DIABETES MELLITUS; DIET; EATING; FEMALE; FOOD SUPPLY; HUMANS; INFANT; INFANT, NEWBORN; MALE; MICRONUTRIENTS; NEOPLASMS; NUTRITION DISORDERS; NUTRITIONAL STATUS; OBESITY; PREVALENCE; SAUDI ARABIA;

EID: 0033657144     PISSN: 02601060     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/026010600001400103     Document Type: Article

References (79)

1. Abanamy, A., Salma, H., Cheriyan, M. and Shuja, M. (1991). Vitamin D deficiency rickets in Riyadh. Ann. Saudi Med., 11(1), 35-39.
2. Al-Ageel, A., Ozand, P., Sobki, S., Sewairi, W. and Marx, S. (1993). The combined use of intravenous and oral calcium for the treatment of vitamin D dependent ricket type 11. Clin. Endocrinol Exf., 39, 229-237.
3. Al-Attas, O., Al-Nuaim, A., Suliman, R., Al-Dageri, N., Al-Mazrou, Y. and Farag, M.K. (1997). Iodine deficiency in Saudi Arabia. In Musaiger A.O. and Miladi S. (eds.). Proceeding of Workshop on Prevention and Control of Micronutrient Deficiencies in the Arab Gulf Cooperation Council Countries. FAO/RNE, Cairo, Egypt, pp. 55-65.
4. Al-Fawaz, I. (1993). Surveillance of iron deficiency anaemia at a well baby clinic in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Saudi Med. J., 14, 27-31.
5. Al-Frayh, A. and Bamgboye, E.A. (1993). The growth of Saudi Arabian preschool children in Riyadh. J. Royal Soc. Hlt., 113, 234-239.
6. Al-Jebrin, A., Sawaya, W.N., Salji, J.P., Ayaz, M. and Khalid, J.K. (1985). Chemical and nutritional quality of some Saudi Arabian dishes based on cereals and legumes. Ecol. Food Nutr., 117, 157-164.
7. Al-Kalifah, A. (1993). Chemical composition of selected take-away dishes consumed in Saudi Arabia. Ecol. Food Nutr., 30, 157-143.
8. Al-Naquib, N. and Sadek, A.A. (1988). Child development and iron deficiency anaemia: A screening study on Middle Eastern children using the Denver development screening test. Ann. Saudi Med., 8, 414A.
9. Al-Nuaim, A., Al-Rubeaan, K., Al-Mazrou, Y., Khoja. T., Al-Attas, O. and Al-Daghari, N. (1995). National chronic metabolic diseases survey, Part I. Ministry of Health and King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
10. Al-Nuaim, A., Al-Rubeaan, K., Al-Mazrou, Al-Attas, O., Al-Daghari, N.Y. and Khoja. T. (1996a). High prevalence of overweight and obesity in Saudi Arabia. Inter. J. Obesity, 20, 547-552.
11. Al-Nuaim, A., Al-Rubeaan, K., Al-Mazrou, Y., Khoja, T., Attas, O. and Al-Daghari, N. (1996b). Prevalence of Hypercholesterolemia in Saudi Arabia, epidemiological study. Inter. J. Cardio., 54, 41-49.
12. Al-Nuaim, A. (1997a). Prevalence of glucose intolerance in urban and rural communities in Saudi Arabia. Diabetic Med., 14, 595-602.
13. Al-Nuaim, A. (1997b). Serum total and fractionated cholesterol distribution and prevalence of hypercholesterolemia in urban and rural communities in Saudi Arabia. Inter. J. Cardio., 58, 141-149.
14. Al-Othaimeen, A.I., Sawaya, W.N. and Tannous, R.I. (1988). A nutrition survey of infants and preschool children in Saudi Arabia. Saudi Med. J., 9, 40-48.
15. Al-Othaimeen, A, Osman, A.K. and Al-Orf, S. (1999). Prevalence of nutritional anaemia among school girls in Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia. Int. J. Food Sc. Nutr., 50, 237-243.
16. Al-Rehaimi, A.A., Bjorntorp, P. (1992). Obesity and fat distribution in women from Saudi Arabia. Int. J. Obes. Relat. Metab. Disord., 16, 1017-1019.
17. Al-Shagrawi, R.A., Al-Bader, A. and El-Hag, E.A. (1994). Factors affecting the prevalence of obesity among Saudi college females students. Emir. J. Agric Sc, 6, 227-236.
18. Al-Shammari, A., Khoja, T.A., Al-Maatouq, M.A. and Al-Nuaim, L. (1994a). High prevalence of clinical obesity among Saudi females: a prospective cross-sectional study in the Riyadh region. J. Trop. Med. Hygiene, 91, 183-188.
19. Al-Shammari, S.A., Ali, M., Al-Shammari, A., Al-Maatouq, M., Tennier, A. and Armstrong, K. (1994b). Blood lipid concentrations and other cardiovascular risk factors among Saudis. Fem. Pract., 11, 153-158.
20. Al-Shehri, S.N. (1996). Health profile of Saudi Adolescent school girls. Health Affairs Directorate, Presidency of Girls Education, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
21. Al-Shoshan, A. (1993). Growth patterns among selected primary school children in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Saudi Med. J., 14, 53-58.
22. Amer, M.H. (1982). Pattern of cancer in Saudi Arabia: A personal experience based on the management of 1,000 patients. Part I. King Faisal Specialist Hospital Medical Journal, 2, 203-215.
23. Bacchus, R.A., Bell, J.L., Madkour, M.M. and Kilshaws, B. (1982). The prevalence of diabetes mellitus in male Saudi Arabs. Diabetologia, 23, 330-332.
24. Bagbeer, S.A. (1982). Assessment of the nutritional status of nursery school children aged 3-5 in Jeddah. Girls College of Education, General Presidency of Girls Education, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (unpublished M.S. dissertation).
25. Binhemd, T., Larbi, E.B. and Absood, G. (1991). Obesity in primary health care centres: a retrospective study. Ann. Saudi Med., 11, 163-166.
26. Boukary, A.A. (1988). Assessment of the nutritional status of preparatory school girls in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Faculty of Education for Home Economics and Arts, Jeddah, General Presidency of Girls Education (unpublished Ph.D. dissertation).
27. Degheishem, S.M., Sedrani, S.H., Van-Baelem, H., Bouillon, R. and Duhaiman, A.S. (1991). Distribution of group-specific component/vitamin D binding protein subtypes in Saudi Arabia. Hum. Hered., 41, 53-56.
28. Doll, R. (1984). Prevention of cancer: practical prospects. Ann. Acad. Med., 13, 1192-1308.
29. El-Akkad, S.M., Amer, M.H., Lin, G.S., Sabbah, R.S. and Godwin, J.I. (1986). Pattern of cancer in Saudi Arabs referred to King Faisal Specialist Hospital. Cancer, 58, 1172-1178.
30. El-Hazmi, M.A., Al-Faleh, F.Z., Al-Mofleh, I.A. and Warsy, A.S. (1982). Establishment of normal (References) ranges from biochemical parameters for healthy Saudi Arabs. Tropical and Geographical Med., 34, 323-332.
31. El-Hazmi, M.A. (1985). The red cell genetic and environmental interactions. A Tehamat-Asser Profile. Saudi Med. J., 6, 101-112.
32. El-Hazmi, M.A. and Warsy, A.S. (1989). A comparative study of hyperglycemia in different regions of Saudi Arabia. Ann. Saudi Med., 19, 434-437.
33. El-Hazmi, M.A. (1990). Diabetes mellitus - present state of the art. Saudi Med. J., 11, 10-17.
34. El-Hazmi, M.A., Al-Swailem, A., Warsy, A.S., Al-Sudiary, F., Sulaimani, R., Al-Swailem, A. and Al-Meshari, A. (1995). The prevalence of diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance in the population of Riyadh. Ann. Saudi Med., 15, 598-601.
35. El-Hazmi, M.A. and Warsy, A.S. (1997). Prevalence of obesity in the Saudi population. Ann. Saudi Med., 17, 302-306.
36. Elidrissy, A.T. and Sedrani, S.H. (1981). Infantile vitamin D deficiency rickets in Riyadh. Is maternal vitamin D deficiency a possible factor? Calcified Tissue Intern., 33, 47-53.
37. Elidrissy, A.T. (1986). Protein-caloric nutritional status of infants with deficiency rickets in Riyadh. Ann. Saudi Med., 6, 101-104.
38. Ezzat, A., Raja, M., Rostom, A., Zwaan, F., Akhtar, M., Bazarbashi, S., Ingemansson, S. and Al-Abdulkareem, A. (1997). An overview of breast cancer. Ann. Saudi Med., 17, 10-15.
39. Famuyiwa, O.O., Sulimani, R.A., Laajam, M.A., Al-Jasser, S.J. and Mekki, M.O. (1992). Diabetes mellitus in Saudi Arabia: The clinical pattern and complications in 1,000 patients. Ann. Saudi Med., 12, 140-151.
40. Fatani, H.H., Mira, S.A. and El-Zubeir, A.G. (1987). Prevalence of diabetes mellitus in rural Saudi Arabia. Diabetes Care, 10, 180-187.
41. Ghaznawi, H.I., E.E. and Hussein, M.M. (1988). Anaemia in pregnancy in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. An epidemiological study. Bull. High Inst. Publ. Health, 18, 541-553.
42. Hamilton, C.J., Jaroudi, K.A. and Sieck, U.V. (1995). High prevalence of obesity in a Saudi infertility population. Ann. Saudi Med., 15, 344-346.
43. Hannar, M.A., Yazigi. A., Al-Watban. F.A. and Fateih, N. (1984). Measurement of solar ultraviolet B in Riyadh: Its significance in studies on vitamin D deficiency in Saudi Arabia. King Faisal Specialist Hosp. Med J., 4, 307-312.
44. Hartely, D.R. (1980). One thousand obstetric deliveries in the Asir province, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: A review. Saudi Med. J., 1, 87-196.
45. Inam, S., Cumberbatch, M. and Judzewitsch, R. (1991). Importance of cholesterol screening in Saudi Arabia. Saudi Med. J., 12, 215-220.
46. Johnson, K. and Woodhouse, N.J. (1992). Thyroid cancer in Saudi Arabia. Saudi Med. J., 13, 340-343.
47. Khashoggi, R.H., Madani, K., Ghaznawi, H. and Ali, M. (1994). Socioeconomic factors affecting prevalence of obesity among adult females in Saudi Arabia. Ecol. Med. J., 14, 315-321.
48. Khwaja, S.S. and Al-Sebai, H. (1987). The relationship of age and parity to obesity in Saudi female patients. Saudi Med. J., 8, 35-39.
49. Khoja, S.M., Salem, A.M., Taha, A.M. and Hakim, N.A. (1993). Plasma lipid levels of a selected Saudi Arabian population in the Western Region. Saudi Med. J., 14, 315-321.
50. Khoja, S.M., Baroum, S.H., Salem, S.I. and Nasrat, H.A. (1994). Iron status in pregnant Saudi Arabian women in Jeddah Area. Saudi Med. J. 15, 43-74.
51. Koreich, O.M. and Al-Kuhaymi, R. (1984). Cancer in Saudi Arabia: Riyadh, Al-Kharj (1984). Hospital Programme experience. Saudi med. J., 5, 217-237.
52. Libin, J.H., Burns, P.E., Blot, W.J., Ziegler, R.G., Lees, A.W. and Fraumeni, J.F. (1981). Dietary factors and breast cancer risk. Int. J. Cancer, 27, 685-689.
53. Madani, K.A. (1988). Role of vitamin A in cellular differentiation. International Clinical Nutrition Review, 9, 75-80.
54. Madani, K.A. and Khashoggi, R.H. (1994). Obesity in Saudi Arabia, An overview. Emirates Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 6, 209-217.
55. Madani, K.A. (1995). Food consumption patterns in Saudi Arabia. In: Food Consumption Patterns and Dietary Habits in the Arab Countries of the Gulf. Musaiger, A.O. and Miladi, S.S. (eds.). FAO/RNEA, Cairo, Egypt, pp. 50-58.
56. Madani, K.A. and Khashoggi, R.H. (1997). Iron deficiency anaemia in Saudi Arabia. In Musagier, A.O. and Miladi, S. (editor). Proceedings of Workshop on Prevention and Control of Mictonutrient Deficiencies in the Arab Gulf Cooperation Council Countries. FAO/RNE, Cairo, Egypt, pp. 32-42.
57. Madani, K.A., Nasrat, H.A., Al-Nowaisser, A.A., Khashoggi, R.H. and Abalkhail, B.A. (1995). Low birth weight in Taif Region, Saudi Arabia. Eastern Mediterranean Health J., 1, 47-54.
58. Mahboubi, E. (1987). Epidemiology of cancer in Saudi Arabia. Ann. Saudi Med., 7, 265-267.
59. Mahfouz, A.A., El-Said, M.M. and Al-Akija, W. (1994). Anaemia among pregnant women in the Asir Region, Saudi Arabia. Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 25, 84-87.
60. Martin. M.J., Hulley, S.B., Browner, W.S., Kuller, L.H. and Wentworth, D. (1986). Serum cholesterol, blood pressure and mortality: Implications from a cohort of 36,162 men. Lancet, 11, 933-936.
61. Miller, A.B., Kelly, A., Choi, N.W., Matthews, V., Morgan, R.W., Munan, L., Burch, J.D., Feather, J., How, G.R. and Jain, M. (1987). A study of diet and breast cancer. Am. J. Epidemiol., 107, 499-509.
62. Ministry of Planning (1991). Fifth Development Plan, 1990-1995. Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
63. Mohammed, S., Addae. S., Suleiman, S., Adzaku, F., Annobil, S., Kaddoumi, O. and Richards, J. (1993). Serum calcium, parathyroid hormone and vitamin D status in children and young adults with sickle cell disease. Ann. Clin. Biochem., 30, 45-51.
64. Musaiger, A.O. (1987). The state of food and nutrition in the Arabian Gulf Countries. Wld. Rev. Nutr., 54, 105-173.
65. National Cancer Registry 1994-1996 Report (1999). Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
66. Posner, B.N., Cupples, L.A., Franz, M.M. and Gagnon, D.R. (1993). Diet and heart disease risk factors in adult American men and women: the Framingham offspring spouse nutrition studies. International J. Epidemiology, 22, 1014-1025.
67. Rabani, S.J. (1987). Cancer at Dhahran health center, Saudi Arabia. Ann. Saudi Med., 7, 288-293.
68. Sair, M.M., Al-Zahrani, H.A. and Omar, M.N. (1995). Plasma lipid profile of healthy Saudi population in Makkah region. Saudi Heart J., 6, 41-47.
69. Sanjad, S.A., Sakati, N.A., Abu-Osba, Y.K., Kaddoura, R. and Miler, R.D. (1991). A new Syndrome of congenital hypoparathyroidism, Severe growth failure and dysmorphic features. Arch. Dis. Child., 66, 193-196.
70. Sawaya, W.N., Khalid, J.K., Khatchadourian, A. and Al-Mohamed, M.M. (1984). Nutritional evaluation of various breads consumed in Saudi Arabia. Nutr. Rep. Int., 29, 1161-1170.
71. Sawaya, W.N., Al-Jebrin, A., Salje, J.P., Ayaz, M. and Khalid, J.K. (1986). Nutritional evaluation of selected meat-based Saudi Arabian dishes. Ecol. Food Nutr., 18, 171-182.
72. Sebai, Z.A. (1987). Diabetes mellitus in Saudi Arabia. Post Grad. Doc. 10, 582-586.
73. Sebai, Z.A. (1989). Cancer in Saudi Arabia. Ann. Saudi Med., 9, 55-63.
74. Sedrani, S.H., Abanmy, A., Salman, H., Al-Arabie, K. and Elidrissy. A. (1992a). Vitamin D status of Saudis: are Saudi children at risk of developing vitamin D deficiency rickets? Saudi Med. J., 13, 430-433.
75. Sedrani, S.H., Al-Arabi, K., Abanmy, K., Al-Arabi, K., Abanmy, K. and Elidrissy, A. (1992b). Vitamin D status of Saudis. II. Effect of regional and environmental location. Saudi Med. J., 13, 206-213.
76. Serenius, F., Fougerouse, D. (1981). Health and nutritional status in Saudi Arabia. Saudi Med. J., 2, Suppl. No. 1.
77. Smart, I.S., Duncan, M.E. and Kalina, J.M. (1983). Hemoglobin levels and anaemia in pregnant Saudi women. Saudi Med. J., 4, 263-268.
78. Stirling, G., Khalil, A.M. and Nada, G.N. (1989). Malignant neoplasms in Saudi Arabia. Cancer, 1, 89-94.
79. Woodhouse, N.J.Y. and Norton, W.L. (1982). Low vitamin D levels in Saudi Arabians. King Faisal Specialist Hospital Med. J., 2, 127-131.