Participation in voluntary individual savings accounts: An analysis of IRAs, 401 (k)s, and the TSP

Social Security Bulletin

Volumn 63, Issue 1, 2000, Pages 34-39

  Springstead, Glenn R ^a   Wilson, Theresa M ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AFRICAN AMERICAN; ARTICLE; CAUCASIAN; ECONOMICS; FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT; INCOME; RETIREMENT; STANDARD; STATISTICS; UNITED STATES;

AFRICAN AMERICANS; EUROPEAN CONTINENTAL ANCESTRY GROUP; FINANCING, PERSONAL; INCOME; RETIREMENT; UNITED STATES;

EID: 0033642681     PISSN: 00377910     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (13)

1. This paper does not examine contribution amounts or plan distributions.
2. Nonprofit sectors include private schools, nonprofit hospitals, and other tax-exempt organizations.
3. William E. Even and David A. MacPherson, "Factors Influencing Participation and Contribution Levels in 401(k) Plans," Department of Labor, Pension and Welfare Benefits Administration, May 1997.
4. Robert L. Clark and Sylvester J. Schieber, Factors Affecting Participation and Contribution Levels in 401(k) Plans, Washington, DC: Watson Wyatt Worldwide, May 1996.
5. U.S. General Accounting Office, "401(k) Pension Plans: Loan Provisions Enhance Participation But May Affect Income Security for Some," October 1997. GAO/HEHS-98-5.
6. U.S. Department of Labor, Pension and Health Benefits of American Workers: New Findings from the April 1993 Current Population Survey, 1994.
7. Employee Benefit Research Institute, EBRI Databook on Employee Benefits, 4th ed., 1997. The Small Business Job Protection Act, or the Pension Simplification Act of 1996, extended deductible IRA eligibility to spouses not in the workforce.
8. Comparable data for the TSP are not available. "All other races" consists primarily of Asians but includes Indians, American Indians, and Alaskan Natives. Hispanics are considered an ethnic designation and may be of any race.
9. Francine D. Blau and John W. Graham, "Black-White Differences in Wealth and Asset Composition," Quarterly Journal of Economics, vol. 105, May 1990, pp. 321-339.
10. Michelle Singletary, "When Family Is First, Investing Is Second," The Washington Post, May 16, 1999, p. H-1. The survey by Yankelovich Partners was commissioned by Ariel Capital Management and Charles Schwab and Company.
11. Unpublished data from the Social Security Administration, Office of the Chief Actuary.
12. Federal Retirement Thrift Investment Board, Analysis of 1997 Thrift Savings Plan Participant Demographics, December 1998, p. C-1.
13. U.S. Department of Labor, Pension and Health Benefits of American Workers, p. C-15.