The demographic crisis in Belarus

Problems of Post-Communism

Volumn 47, Issue 1, 2000, Pages 16-27

  Marples, David R ^a  

^a NONE

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[No Author keywords available]

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EID: 0033633439     PISSN: 10758216     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/10758216.2000.11655865     Document Type: Article

References (72)

1. Meditsinskii vestnik (July 2, 1998): 1.
2. I.B. Zelenkevich, "O sostoianii zdravookhraneniia v Respublike Belarus" (About the State of Health Care in the Republic of Belarus), in Pervyy sezd vrachei Respubliki Belarus: Minsk, 25-26 Iunia 1998g. Tezisy i dokladov (The First Congress of Doctors of the Republic of Belarus. Minsk, 25-26 June 1998. Theses and Reports) (Minsk: Ministry of Health, 1998), p. 3.
3. Ibid.
4. I.B. Zelenkevich, "Zdorove naroda - reshaiushchii faktor v podeme ekonomiki strany" (The Health of the People - The Decisive Factor in Improving the Economy of the Country), Meditsinskii vestnik (July 2, 1998): 4.
5. Zdravookhranenie v Respublike Belarus: Ofitsialnyi statisticheskii sbornik (Health Protection in the Republic of Belarus: The Official Compendium of Statistics) (Minsk: Ministry of Health, 1998), p. 34.
6. L.E. Tikhonova, "Demograficheskoe razvitie republiki na sovremennom etape" (The Demographic Development of the Republic in the Contemporary Era), in Vliianie tekushchikh demograficheskikh tendentsii na trudovye resursy: nauchno-prakticheskii seminar (The Influence of Current Demographic Tendencies on Labor Resources: A Scientific-Practical Seminar) (Minsk: 1996), p. 67.
7. Zdravookhranenie v Respublike Belarus, p. 34.
8. Tikhonova, "Demograficheskoe razvitie," pp. 97-98.
9. V.S. Sakovich, Belorusskoe selo v 70-90-e gody: Migratsiia, naseleniia, trudovye resursy (The Belarusian Village in the 1970s-1990s: Migration, Population, Labor Resources) (Minsk: 1997), p. 3.
10. V.Ia. Kharevskii and T.M. Zaitseva, "Vozmozhnye dolgovremmenye posledstviia ekonomicheskgogo krizisa v Belarusi" (The Possible Long-term Consequences of the Economic Crisis in Belarus), in Vliianie tekushchikh demograficheskikh tendentsii, p. 124.
11. B.A. Manakh, L.K. Kukhto, and P.P. Moskalenko, "Demograficheskaia transformatsiia v naselennykh punktakh, postradavshikh ot Chernobylskoi katastrofi" (The Demographic Transformation in Population Settlements Suffering from the Chernobyl Catastrophe), in ibid., p. 112.
12. Tikhonova, "Demograficheskoe razvitie," p. 74.
13. L.P. Shakhotko, "Osobennosti vosproizvodstva i perspektivy zaniatosti otdelnykh sotsialno-demograficheskikh grupp naseleniia Belarusi" (The Features of Reproduction and Perspectives for the Occupations of Certain Social-Demographic Groups of the Population of Belarus), in Vliianie tekushchikh demograficheskikh tendentsii, p. 128.
14. A.A. Rakov, "Demograficheskie protsessy v Belarusi v kontekste istorii i perspektiv" (Demographic Processes in Belarus in the Context of History and Perspective), in ibid., pp. 34-35.
15. A new census of the Belarusian population was conducted in February 1999, and the results had not been made public as of mid-November 1999.
16. Tikhonova, "Demograficheskoe razvitie," p. 66.
17. Naselenie i zdravookhranenie g. Minska za 1990-1996 gg (Population and Health Care in the City of Minsk for 1990-1996) (Minsk: City Statistical Department, 1997), p. 33.
18. "Respublika Belarus. Analiz razvitiia demograficheskoi situatsii v 1985-1995 godakh" (The Republic of Belarus, An Analysis of the Development of the Demographic Situation in 1985-1995), Vliianie tekushchikh demograficheskikh tendentsii, 1996, p. 148.
19. Ibid., p. 144.
20. V. Mikhailov, "Zdorove vse khuzhe" (Everyone's Health Is Worse), Ekologicheskii vestnik (February 12, 1998): 1.
21. Zdravookhranenie v Respublike Belarus, p. 34.
22. Information provided to the author by Tim Heleniak of the World Bank from the Russian Federation State Statistical Committee, August 2, 1999.
23. "Respublika Belarus," in Vliianie tekushchikh demograficheskikh tendentsii, pp. 148-49.
24. Rakov, "Demograficheskie protsessy v Belarusi," p. 35.
25. Zelenkevich, "O sostoianii zdravookhraneniia v Respublike Belarus," p. 3.
26. Zelenkevich, "Zdorove naroda," p. 4.
27. O.P. Priatkina, I.V. Malakhova, V.V. Antipov, and V.A. Karpovich, "Dynamika smertnosti naseleniia Belarusi i trudosposobnom vozraste" (Dynamics of Mortality of the Population of Belarus and Those of Working Age), in Pervyy sezd vrachei, p. 132.
28. Zelenkevich, "Zdorove naroda," p. 4.
29. Priatkina et at., "Dynamika smertnosti," p. 132.
30. Robert Chasnoyt, "Ostatki-ne sladki" (The Residue Is Not Sweet), Meditsinskii vestnik (October 3, 1996): 2.
31. Ivan Ryzhko, "V proigryshe selskiy zhitel i selskiy vrach" (Rural Doctors Are Also Among the Worse-off Village Residents), Meditsinskii vestnik (July 9, 1998): 3.
32. T. Viktorova, "A zabot ne umenshaetsia" (But Anxiety Is Not Being Reduced), Ekologicheskii vestnik (February 19, 1998): 1.
33. Gosudarstvennii doklad 'O sanitarno-epidemicheskiy obstanovke v Respublike Belarus v 1997 godu' (The State Report "Concerning the Sanitary-Epidemiological Situation in the Republic of Belarus in 1997") (Minsk: Ministry of Health, 1998), p. 4.
34. V. Slavin, "Za kruglym stolom vnov zhumalisti i mediki" (Another Round Table of Journalists and Medical Workers), Ekologicheskii vestnik (April 23, 1998): 1.
35. A.G. Filipchuk, "Tendentsii i prognoz mediko-demograficheskikh protsessov v Gomelskoy oblasti" (Tendencies and Prognosis of Medical-Demographic Processes in Gomel Oblast), in Pervyy sezd vrachei, p. 146.
36. "Pogovorka prava: zdorove - vsemu golova: S zasedeniia kollegii Minzdrava" (The Proverbial Law: Health Is the Main Thing for Everyone: From the Meeting of the Collegium of the Ministry of Health), Meditsinskii vestnik (September 3, 1998): 1.
37. G.G. Shanko, A.V. Rutskii, and N.I. Dosta, "Meditsinskaia praktika i meditsinskaia nauka v Belarusi" (Medical Practice and Medical Science in Belarus), Voprosy organizatsii i informatsii zdravookhraneniia, no. 2 (1998): 13.
38. Vladislav Podpalov, "Regionalnym programmam - prioritelnoe vnimanie" (For Regional Programs - Priority Attention), Meditsinskii vestnik (July 9, 1998): 2.
39. Zelenkevich, "Zdorove naroda," p. 4.
40. L.N. Lomat, Z.A. Sevkovskaia, P.L. Monastyrnaia, V.V. Kulikina, I.B. Dzikovich, and G.N. Galburm, "Osnovnye pokazateli zabolevaemosti i smertnosti detei Belarusi" (Basic Results of Sickness and Mortality of the Children of Belarus), in Pervyi sezd vrachei, p. 130.
41. Vliianie tekushchikh demograficheskikh tendentsii, p. 143.
42. Filipchuk, "Tendentsii i prognoz," p. 146.
43. "Kak pitaemsia, tak i razvivaemsia: s zasedeniia kollegii Minzdrava" (We Are What We Eat: From the Meeting of the Collegium of the Ministry of Health), Meditsinskii vestnik (May 23, 1996): 1-2.
44. Lomat et al., "Osnovnye pokazateli," p. 130; David R. Marples, Belarus: From Soviet Rule to Nuclear Catastrophe (Basingstoke, UK: Macmillan Press, 1996), chap. 5.
45. Lomat et al., "Osnovnye pokazateli," p. 130; David R. Marples, Belarus: From Soviet Rule to Nuclear Catastrophe (Basingstoke, UK: Macmillan Press, 1996), chap. 5.
46. Zelenkevich, "Zdorove naroda," p. 4.
47. I.B. Zelenkevich, "Sostoianie zdorovia naseleniia Respubliki Belarus i puti razvitiia zdravookhraneniia" (The State of Health of the Population of the Republic of Belarus and the Course of Development of Health Care), Voprosy organizatsii i informatsii zdravookhraneniia, no. 2 (1998): 6.
48. P.N. Zubritsky, "Dipteriia: sostoianie problemy i puti dalneishego snizheniia zabolevaemosti v Respublike Belarus" (Diptheria: State of the Problem and the Path of Further Reduction of Illness in the Republic of Belarus), in Pervyi sezd vrachei, p. 138.
49. Boris Shapov, "Ostorozhno: travmy!" (Danger: Trauma!), Meditsinskii vestnik (February 4, 1999): 5.
50. Tamara Mironova, "Zashchite sebia ot tuberkuleza" (Protect Yourself from Tuberculosis), Meditsinskii vestnik (October 29, 1998), p. 5; Aleksandr Prokopenko, "Pregradit put tuberkulezu" (To Block the Spread of Tuberculosis), Meditsinskii vestnik (November 12, 1998): 2.
51. Tamara Mironova, "Zashchite sebia ot tuberkuleza" (Protect Yourself from Tuberculosis), Meditsinskii vestnik (October 29, 1998), p. 5; Aleksandr Prokopenko, "Pregradit put tuberkulezu" (To Block the Spread of Tuberculosis), Meditsinskii vestnik (November 12, 1998): 2.
52. O.M. Kalechits, V.V. Borshchevskii, and A.V. Bogomazova, "Novii podem zabolevaemosti tuberkulezom v Respublike Belarus" (New Rise of the Disease of Tuberculosis in the Republic of Belarus), in Pervyi sezd vrachei, p. 77. In 1996, of slightly more than 5,000 cases of tuberculosis in the republic, almost 1,100 had occurred in Gomel Oblast (22 percent of the total). Zdravookhranie v Respublike Belarus: Ofitsialnyi Statisticheskii sbornik (Health Protection in Belarus: Official Compendium of Statistics) (Minsk: Ministry of Health, 1997), p. 183.
53. O.M. Kalechits, V.V. Borshchevskii, and A.V. Bogomazova, "Novii podem zabolevaemosti tuberkulezom v Respublike Belarus" (New Rise of the Disease of Tuberculosis in the Republic of Belarus), in Pervyi sezd vrachei, p. 77. In 1996, of slightly more than 5,000 cases of tuberculosis in the republic, almost 1,100 had occurred in Gomel Oblast (22 percent of the total). Zdravookhranie v Respublike Belarus: Ofitsialnyi Statisticheskii sbornik (Health Protection in Belarus: Official Compendium of Statistics) (Minsk: Ministry of Health, 1997), p. 183.
54. Tikhonova, "Demograficheskoe razvitie," p. 69.
55. Yurii Arskii, "Tabak - ubiitsa" (Tobacco Is Deadly), Meditsinskii vestnik (November 19, 1998): 2.
56. Zdravookhranie v Respublike Belarus: Ofitsialnyi Statisticheskii sbornik (Health Protection in Belarus: Official Compendium of Statistics) (Minsk: Ministry of Health, 1997), pp. 210, 215.
57. Iurii Arskii, "O Spide - gromko i vserez" (About AIDS - Loudly and Earnestly), Meditsinskii vestnik (October 24, 1996): 6.
58. Olga Rybakova, "Meditsina Belarusi XX veka" (Belarusian Medicine in the Twentieth Century), Meditsinskii vestnik (November 5, 1998): 1; Valentina Bykova, "Molodezh - protiv Spida" (Young People Against AIDS), Meditsinskii vestnik (November 26, 1998): 5.
59. Olga Rybakova, "Meditsina Belarusi XX veka" (Belarusian Medicine in the Twentieth Century), Meditsinskii vestnik (November 5, 1998): 1; Valentina Bykova, "Molodezh - protiv Spida" (Young People Against AIDS), Meditsinskii vestnik (November 26, 1998): 5.
60. L.P. Shakhotko, "Osobennosti vosprioizvodstva i perspektivy zaniatosti sotsialno-demograficheskikh grupp naseleniia Belarusi" (Characteristics of Reproduction and Perspectives for the Occupations of Social-Demographic Groups in the Population of Belarus), in Vliianie tekushchikh demograficheskikh tendentsii, pp. 128-129.
61. V.Ia. Kharevskii and T.M. Zaisteva, "Vozmizhnye dolgovremennye posledstviia ekonomicheskogo krizisa v Belarusi" (The Possible Long-term Consequences of the Economic Crisis in Belarus), in ibid., pp. 124-125.
62. Statisticheskii biuleten, no. 12 (1996): 27.
63. Vliianie tekushchikh demograficheskikh tendentsii, p. 144; Tikhonova, "Demograficheskoe razvitie," p. 71.
64. Vliianie tekushchikh demograficheskikh tendentsii, p. 144; Tikhonova, "Demograficheskoe razvitie," p. 71.
65. Tikhonova, "Demograficheskoe razvitie," p. 73.
66. David R. Marples, Belarus: A Denationalized Nation (Amsterdam: Harwood Academic Publishers, 1999), pp. 101-4.
67. David R. Marples, "Post-Soviet Belarus and the Impact of Chernobyl," Post-Soviet Geography 33 (September 1992): 419-31; idem, Belarus: From Soviet Rule to Nuclear Catastrophe, chaps. 3 and 4.
68. David R. Marples, "Post-Soviet Belarus and the Impact of Chernobyl," Post-Soviet Geography 33 (September 1992): 419-31; idem, Belarus: From Soviet Rule to Nuclear Catastrophe, chaps. 3 and 4.
69. Manakh, Kukhto, and Moskalenko, "Demograficheskaia transformatsiia," pp. 112-13.
70. Vladimir Borisenko, "Skolko stoit ekologicheskaia bezopasnost?" (How Much Does Ecological Safety Cost?), Ekologicheskii vestnik (October 1, 1998): 2.
71. At the time of writing there were few foreign ventures flourishing in Belarus: McDonald's, which had seven restaurants in Minsk, was an exception. More typical was the Ford plant east of Minsk, where work was at a virtual standstill.
72. See, for example, President Lukashenka's speech outlining the economic "successes" of the year 1998, in Sovetskaia Belorussiia (April 8, 1999): 1.