Intra-oral topical anaesthetics: A review

Journal of Dentistry

Volumn 28, Issue 1, 2000, Pages 3-14

  Meechan, J G ^a  

^a NEWCASTLE UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Intra oral operations; Local anaesthesia; Topical anaesthetics

Indexed keywords

LOCAL ANESTHETIC AGENT;

DENTAL ANESTHESIA; HUMAN; INJECTION; METHODOLOGY; MOUTH; REVIEW; TOPICAL DRUG ADMINISTRATION;

ADMINISTRATION, TOPICAL; ANESTHESIA, DENTAL; ANESTHETICS, LOCAL; HUMANS; INJECTIONS; MOUTH;

EID: 0033628798     PISSN: 03005712     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0300-5712(99)00041-X     Document Type: Review

References (58)

1. Adriani J, Zepernick R, Arens J, Authement E. The comparative potency and effectiveness of topical anesthetics in man. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics 1963;5:49-62.
2. Malamed SF. Handbook of local anesthesia, St Louis, MO: Mosby, 1997.
3. Bergman S, Kane D, Siegal IA, Ciancio S. In vitro and in situ transfer of local anaesthetics across the oral mucosa. Archives of Oral Biology 1969;14:35-43.
4. Sakamoto, M., Kaho, T., Sadanaga, M., Shimoda, O., Morioka, T., Mishima, M., Nakano, M. Dermal patch anaesthesia: comparison of 10% lignocaine gel with absorption promoter and EMLA cream. Anaesthesia 1993;48:390-392.
5. Bjerring P, Arendt-Nielsen L. Depth and duration of skin analgesia to needle insertion after topical application of EMLA cream. British Journal of Anaesthesia 1990;64:173-177.
6. Giddon DB, Quadland M, Rachwall PC, Springer J, Tursky B. Development of a method for comparing topical anesthetics in different application and dosage forms. Journal of Oral Therapy Pharmacology 1968;4:270-274.
7. Evers H. Present research in local analgesics. British Journal of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery 1988;26:390-394.
8. Brook IM, van Noort R. Controlled delivery of drugs. British Dental Journal 1984;157:11-15.
9. Brook IM, Tucker GT, Tuckley EC, Boyes RN. A lignocaine patch for dental analgesia safety and early pharmacology. Journal of Controlled Release 1989;10:183-188.
10. Taware CP, Mazumdar S, Pendharkar M, Adani MH, Devarajan PV. A bioadhesive delivery system as an alternative to infiltration anaesthesia. Oral Surgery Oral Medicine Oral Pathology 1997;84:609-615.
11. Hersh EV, Houpt MI, Cooper SA, Feldman RS, Wolff MS, Levin LM. Analgesic efficacy and safety of an intra-oral lidocaine patch. Journal of the American Dental Association 1996;127:1626-1634.
12. Gangarosa LP. Newer local anesthetics and techniques for administration. Journal of Dental Research 1981;60:1471-1480.
13. Morton WJ. Guaiacol-cocaine cataphoresis and local anesthesia: a new catophoresis electrode and the Wheeler fractional volt selector. Dental Cosmos 1896;38:38-53.
14. Gangarosa LP. Iontophoresis for surface local anaesthesia. Journal of the American Dental Association 1974;88:125-128.
15. Won SH, Ryu HR, Lee SW, Kho HS. Penetration of lidocaine into oral mucosa by iontophoresis and its clinical application. Journal of Dental Research 1995;74:576 Abstract 1404.
16. Malamed SF. What's new in local anesthesia? Anesthesia Progress 1992;39:125-131.
17. Lener EV, Bucalo BD, Kist DA, Moy RL. Topical anesthetic agents in dermatologic surgery: a review. Dermatologic Surgery 1997;23:673-683.
18. Geszetes A, Mezei M. Topical anesthesia of the skin by liposome-encapsulated tetracaine. Anesthesia and Analgesia 1988;67:1079-1081.
19. Bucalo BD, Mirikitani EJ, Moy RL. Comparison of skin anesthetic effect of liposomal lidocaine, non-liposomal lidocaine, and EMLA using 30-minute application time. Dermatologic Surgery 1998;24:537-541.
20. Hung OR, Comeau L, Riley MR, Tan S, Whynot S, Mezei M. Comparative topical anaesthesia of EMLA and liposome-encapsu-lated tetracacine. Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia 1997;44:707-711.
21. Zed CM, Epstein J, Donaldson D. Topical liposome encapsulated tetracaine versus benzocaine: a clinical investigation. Journal of Dental Research 1996;75:247.
22. Rosivack RG, Koenigsberg SR, Maxwell KC. An analysis of the effectiveness of two topical anaesthetics. Anesthesia Progress 1990;37:290-292.
23. Yaacob HB, Noor GM, Malek SN. The pharmacological effect of xylocaine topical anaesthetic - a comparison with placebo. Singapore Dental Journal 1981;6:55-57.
24. Hutchins HS, Young FA, Lackland DL, Fishburne CP. The effectiveness of topical anesthesia and vibration in alleviating the pain of oral injections. Anesthesia Progress 1997;44:87-89.
25. Vongsavan K, Vongsavan N. Comparison of topical anesthetic gel and TENS in reducing pain. Journal of Dental Research 1996;75:248 Abstract 1841.
26. Carrel R, Friedman L, Binns WH. Laboratory and clinical evaluation of a new topical anesthetic. Anesthesia Progress 1974;21:126-131.
27. Holst A, Evers H. Experimental studies of new topical anaesthetics on the oral mucosa. Swedish Dental Journal 1985;9:185-191.
28. Svensson P, Petersen JK. Anesthetic effect of EMLA occluded with orahesive oral bandages on oral mucosa. A placebo-controlled study, Anesthesia Progress 1992;39:79-82.
29. Vickers ER, Punnia-Moorthy A. A clinical evaluation of three topical anaesthetic agents. Australian Dental Journal 1992;37:266-270.
30. Meechan JG, Winter RA. A comparison of topical anaesthesia and electronic nerve stimulation for reducing the pain of intra-oral injections. British Dental Journal 1996;181:333-335.
31. Meechan JG, Thomason JM. A comparison of 2 topical anesthetics on the discomfort of intraligamentary injections. Oral surgery, oral medicine and oral pathology 1999;87:362-365
32. Gill CJ, Orr DL. A double blind crossover comparison of topical anesthetics. Journal of the American Dental Association 1979;98:213-214.
33. Keller BJ. Comparison of the effectiveness of two topical anesthetics and a placebo in reducing injection pain. Hawaii Dental Journal 1985;16:10-11.
34. Martin MD, Ramsey DS, Whitney C, Fiset L, Weinstein P. Topical anesthesia: differentiating the pharmacological and psychological contributions to efficacy. Anesthesia Progress 1994;41:40-47.
35. Pollack S. Pain control by suggestion. Journal of Oral Medicine 1966;21:89-95.
36. Kincheloe JE, Mealiea WL, Mattison GD, Seib K. Psychophysical measurement on pain perception after administrastion of a topical anesthetic. Quintessence International 1991;22:311-315.
37. Meechan JG, Donaldson D. The intra-oral use of EMLA cream in children: a clinical investigation. Journal of Dentistry for Children 1994;61:260-262.
38. Meechan JG, Gowans AJ, Welbury RR. The use of patient controlled transcutaneous electronic nerve stimulation (TENS) to decrease the discomfort of regional anaesthesia in dentistry: a randomised controlled clinical trial. Journal of Dentistry 1998;26: 417-420.
39. Svensson P, Petersen JK, Svensson H. Efficacy of a topical anesthetic on pain and unpleasantness during scaling of gingival pockets. Anesthesia Progress 1994;41:35-39.
40. Donaldson D, Meechan JG. A comparison of the effects of EMLA® cream and topical lidocaine on discomfort during gingival probing. Anesthesia Progress 1995;42:7-10.
41. Svensson P, Bjerring P, Arendt-Neilsen L, Kaaber S. Hypoalgesic effect of EMLA and lidocaine gel applied on human oral mucosa: quantitative evaluation by sensory and pain thresholds to argon laser stimulation. Anesthesia Progress 1992;39:4-8.
42. Pere P, Iizuka T, Rosenberg PH, Lindqvist C. Topical application of 5% eutectic mixture of lignocaine and prilocaine (EMLA®) before removal of arch bars. British Journal of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery 1992;30:153-156.
43. Haasio J, Jokinen T, Numminen T, Rosenberg PH. Topical anaesthesia of gingival mucosa by 5% eutectic mixture of lignocaine and prilocaine or by 10% lignocaine spray. British Journal of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery 1990;28:99-101.
44. Roller NW, Ship II. Lidocaine topical film strip for oral mucosal biopsies. Journal of Oral Medicine 1975;30:55-58.
45. Vickers ER, Punnia-Moorthy A. Pulpal anesthesia from an application of a eutectic topical anesthetic. Quintessence International 1993;24:547-551.
46. Vickers ER, Marzbani N, Gerzina TM, McLean C, Punnia-Moorthy A, Mather L. Pharmacokinetics of EMLA cream application to oral mucosa. Anesthesia Progress 1997;44:32-37.
47. Amess TR, Matthews B, Barrak F, Matthews RW. Topical anesthesia of dentine in man. Journal of Dental Research 1996;75:270 Abstract 2021.
48. DeNunzio M. Topical anesthetic as an adjunct to local anesthesia during pulpectomies. Journal of Endodontics 1998;24:202-203.
49. Greengrass SR, Andrzejowski J, Ruiz K. Topical bupivacaine for pain control following simple dental extractions. British Dental Journal 1998;184:354-355.
50. Jakobson B, Nilsson A. Methaemoglobinaemia associated with a prilocaine-lidocaine cream and trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole. A case report, Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica 1985;29:453-455.
51. Adriani J, Campbell D. Fatalities following topical application of local anesthetics to mucous embranes. Journal of the American Medical Association 1956;162:1527-1530.
52. Foldes FF, Molloy R, McNall PG, Koukal LR. Comparison of intravenously given local anesthetics in man. Journal of the American Medical Association 1960;172:1493-1498.
53. Cannell H, Walters H, Beckett AH, Saunders A. Circulating levels of lignocaine after peri-oral injections. British Dental Journal 1975;138:87-93.
54. Goebel WM, Allen G, Randall F. The effect of commercial vasoconstrictor preparations on the circulating venous serum level of mepivacaine and lidocaine. Journal of Oral Medicine 1980;35:91-96.
55. Rees TD. Oral effects of drug abuse. Critical Reviews in Oral Biology and Medicine 1992;3:163-184.
56. Parry J, Porter S, Scully C, Flint S, Parry MG. Mucosal lesions due to oral cocaine use. British Dental Journal 1996;180:462-464.
57. Pashley DH, Parsons GS. Pain produced by topical anesthetic ointment. Endodontics and Dental Traumatology 1987;3:80-82.
58. Kutscher AH, Zegarelli EV, Kanig JL, Amundson A. Evaluation of topical anesthetic agents by taste perception. Journal of Oral Medicine 1966;21:86-88.