Patient handling with and without slings: An analysis of the risk of injury to the lumbar spine

Applied Ergonomics

Volumn 31, Issue 2, 2000, Pages 185-200

  Elford, Wendy ^a   Straker, Leon ^a   Strauss, Geoffrey ^a  

^a CURTIN UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

Author keywords

Back pain; Kinematics; Nurses; Patient handling aids

Indexed keywords

BIOMECHANICS; KINEMATICS; OCCUPATIONAL RISKS; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK MANAGEMENT; STRESS ANALYSIS;

PATIENT HANDLING;

ERGONOMICS;

ACCELERATION; ADULT; ARTICLE; BACKACHE; BODY MOVEMENT; CONTROLLED STUDY; ERGONOMICS; FEMALE; HEALTH PRACTITIONER; HUMAN; INJURY; LUMBAR SPINE; MECHANICAL STRESS; NORMAL HUMAN; NURSE; PATIENT TRANSPORT; RISK ASSESSMENT; ROTATION; TECHNIQUE; VELOCITY; VOLUNTEER;

EID: 0033623022     PISSN: 00036870     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0003-6870(99)00026-5     Document Type: Article

References (63)

1. Adams M.A., Hutton W.C. Prolapsed intervertebral disc. a hyperflexion injury Spine. 7:1982;184-191.
2. Andersson G.B.J., Örtengren R., Nachemson A. Intradiskal pressure, intra-abdominal pressure and myoelectric back muscle activity related to posture and loading. Clin. Orthop. Related Res. 129:1973;156-164.
3. Bell F., Dalgity M.E., Fennell M.-J., Aitki R.C.B. Hospital ward patient-lifting tasks. Ergonomics. 22:1979;1257-1273.
4. Buckle P. Epidemiological aspects of back pain within the nursing profession. Int. J. Nursing Stud. 24:1987;319-324.
5. Chaffin D.B., Anderson G. Occupational Biomechanics. 1984;Wiley, New York.
6. Dolan P., Earley M., Adams M.A. Bending and compressive stresses acting on the lumbar spine during lifting activities. J. of Biomech. 27:1994;1237-1248.
7. Drury, P.J., 1991, An investigation of the incidence of low back pain among West Australian Physiotherapists. Unpublished MSc dissertation, Curtin University of Technology, Perth, Australia.
8. Engels J.A., Landeweerd J.A., Kant Y. An OWAS-based analysis of nurses' working postures. Ergonomics. 37:1994;909-919.
9. Engels J.A., van der Gulden J.W.J., Senden T.F., Hertog C.A.W.M., Kolk J.J., Binkhorst R.A. Physical work load and its assessment among the nursing staff in nursing homes. J. Occup. Med. 36:1994;338-345.
10. Farmer P. Mechanical aids. Nursing Times. 82:1987;36-37.
11. Ferguson S.A., Marras W.S. Quantification of velocity coupling during asymmetric lifting. Int. J. Ind. Ergon. 10:1992;207-215.
12. Ferguson S.A., Marras W.S., Waters T.R. Quantification of back motion during asymmetric lifting. Ergonomics. 35:1992;845-859.
13. Gagnon D., Gagnon M. The influence of dynamic factors on triaxial net muscular moments at the L5/S1 joint during asymmetrical lifting and lowering. J. Biomech. 25:1992;891-901.
14. Gagnon M., Roy D., Lortie M., Roy R. Examination of biomechanical principles in a patient handling task. Int. J. Ind. Ergon. 3:1988;29-40.
15. Gagnon M., Sicard C., Sirois J.-P. Evaluation of forces on the lumbo-sacral joint and assessment of work and energy transfers in nursing aides lifting patients. Ergonomics. 29:1986;407-421.
16. Garg A., Owen B. Reducing back stress to nursing personnel. An ergonomic intervention in a nursing home Ergonomics. 35:1992;1353-1375.
17. Garg A., Owen B.D., Carlson B. An ergonomic evaluation of nursing assistants' job in a nursing home. Ergonomics. 35:1992;979-995.
18. Garg A., Owen B., Beller D., Banaag J. A biomechanical and ergonomic evaluation of patient transferring tasks. Bed to wheelchair and wheelchair to bed Ergonomics. 34:1991;289-312.
19. Gill K.P., Callaghan M.J. Intratester and intertester reproducibility of the lumbar motion monitor as a measure of range, velocity and acceleration of the thoracolumbar spine. Clin. Biomech. 11:1996;418-421.
20. Harber P., Billet E., Gutowski M., SooHoo K., Lew M., Roman A. Occupational low-back pain in hospital nurses. J. Occup. Med. 27:1985;518-524.
21. Hayne C., McDermott M. Handle with care. Nursing Mirror. 154:1982;40-42.
22. Head, M., Levick, P., 1996. Patient handling. An ergonomic intervention. Proceedings of the 32nd Annual Ergonomics Society of Australia and the Safety Institute of Australia National Conference, 22-25 September Canberra, Australia.
23. Health and Safety Executive. 1992. Manual Handling Operations Regulations: Guidance on Regulations, L23. HSE Books, Sudbury, Suffolk, UK.
24. Hickey D.S., Hukins D.W.L. Relation between the structure of the annulus fibrosus and the function and failure of the intervertebral disc. Spine. 5:1980;106-116.
25. Hignett S. Shifting the emphasis in patient handling. Occup. Health. 46:1994;127-130.
26. Hignett S. Postural analysis of nursing work. Applied Ergonomics. 27:1996;171-176.
27. Hignett S., Richardson B. Manual handling human loads in a hospital. an exploratory study to identify nurses perceptions Appl. Ergon. 26:1995;221-226.
28. Hollis M. Safer Lifting for Patient Care. 3rd Edition:1991;Blackwell Scientific Publications, London.
29. Karas B.E., Conrad K.M. Back injury prevention interventions in the workplace. an integrative review Am. Assoc. Occup. Health Nurses. 44:1996;189-196.
30. Kumar S. Development of predictive equations for lifting strengths. Appl. Ergon. 26:1995;327-341.
31. Kumar S., Garand D. Static and dynamic lifting strength at different reach distances in symmetrical and asymmetrical planes. Ergonomics. 35:1992;861-880.
32. Le Bon C., Forrester C. An ergonomic evaluation of a patient handling device. the elevate and transfer vehicle J. Appl. Ergon. 28:1997;365-374.
33. Li J.-C. Asymmetrical lifting tasks: a dynamic analysis. Ergonomics SA. 5:1993;10-15.
34. Manassah P. Back pain incidence in physiotherapists and nurses. a comparative study Austr. J. Physiotherapy. 30:1984;100.
35. Marras W.S., Fathallah F.A., Miller R.J., Davis S.W., Mirka G.A. Accuracy of a three-dimensional lumbar motion monitor for recording dynamic trunk motion characteristics. Int. J. Ind. Ergon. 9:1992;75-87.
36. Marras W.S., Ferguson S.A., Simon S.R. Three dimensional dynamic motor performance of the normal trunk. Int. J. Ind. Ergon. 6:1990;211-224.
37. Marras W.S., Lavender S.A., Leurgans S.E., Fathallah F.A., Ferguson S.A., Allread W.G., Rajulu S.L. Biomechanical risk factors for occupationally related low back disorders. Ergonomics. 38:1995;377-410.
38. Marras W.S., Mirka G.A. Trunk strength during asymmetric trunk motion. Human Factors. 31:1989;667-677.
39. Mattner, K., 1984. Patient lifting problems and solutions. Austr. Safety News March/April, 48-49.
40. National Back Pain Association and Royal College of Nursing, 1998 The Guide to the Handling of Patients: Introducing a Safer Handling Policy 4th Edition. National Back Pain Association, Teddington, Middlesex, UK.
41. Occupational Health, Safety and Welfare Manual Commission of Western Australia, 1992. Manual Handling - A Code of Practice. Department of Health Safety and Welfare of Western Australia, West Perth, W.A., Australia.
42. Parnianpour M., Campello M., Sheikhzadeh A. The effect of posture on triaxial trunk strength in different directions: Its biomechanical consideration with respect to incidence of low-back problem in construction industry. Int. J. Ind. Ergon. 8:1991;279-287.
43. Pheasant S. Bodyspace. 1986;Taylor and Francis, London.
44. Pheasant S. Some anthropometric aspects of workstation design. Int. J. Nursing Stud. 24:1987;291-298.
45. Pheasant S., Stubbs D. Back pain in nurses. epidemiology and risk assessment Appl. Ergon. 23:1992;226-232.
46. Pietrocola, W., 1995. The identification of the most important patient handling techniques currently used in a hospital department. Unpublished Postgraduate dissertation, Curtin University of Technology, Perth, W.A., Australia.
47. Queensland Nurses' Union, 1998. Health and Safety Yearbook: No Lifting by the Year 2000! Executive Media, Fortitude Valley, Qld, Australia.
48. Scholey M., Hair M. Back pain in physiotherapists involved in back care education. Ergonomics. 32:1989;179-190.
49. Seymour J. Handling aids - Lifting and moving patients. Nursing Times. 91:1995;48-50.
50. Shirazi-Adl A. Strain in fibers of a lumbar disc. analysis of the role of lifting in producing disc prolapse Spine. 14:1989;96-103.
51. Snook S.H. The design of manual handling tasks. Ergonomics. 21:1978;963-985.
52. Straker L.M. Work associated back problems. measurement problems J. Soc. Occup. Med. 41:1991;41-44.
53. Stubbs D.A., Buckle P.W., Hudson M.P., Rivers P.M., Worringham C.J. Back pain in the nursing profession. I. Epidemiology and pilot methodology Ergonomics. 26:1983;755-765.
54. Stubbs D.A., Buckle P.W., Hudson M.P., Rivers P.M. Back pain in the nursing profession. II. The effectiveness of training Ergonomics. 26:1983;767-779.
55. Takala E.-P., Kukkonen R. The handling of patients on geriatric wards. a challenge for on the job training Appl. Ergon. 18:1987;17-22.
56. Treveylan, J., 1996. Handling aids for nurses and carers. Nursing Times 92, 58, 60.
57. Tuohy-Main K. A Manual of Handling People: A Health and Safety Guide for Carers. 1994;Helios Art and Book Co Adelaide, Australia.
58. Ulin S.S., Armstrong T.J., Snook S.H., Keyserling W.M. Perceived exertion and discomfort associated with driving screws at various work locations and at different work frequencies. Ergonomics. 36:1993;833-846.
59. Venning P.J. Back injury prevention among nursing personnel. the role of education Am. Assoc. Occup. Health Nurses. J. 36:1988;327-333.
60. Videman T., Rauhala H., Asp S., Lindström K., Cedercreutz G., Kämppi M., Tola S., Troup J.D.G. Patient-handling skill, back injuries, and back pain. an intervention study in nursing Spine. 14:1989;148-155.
61. Vink P., Daanen H.A.M., Meijst W.J., Ligteringen J. Decrease in back strength in asymmetric trunk postures. Ergonomics. 35:1992;405-416.
62. Visser J.L., Straker L.M. An investigation of discomfort experienced by dental therapists and assistants at work. Austr. Dental J. 39:1994;39-44.
63. Zelenka J.P., Floren A.E., Jordan J.J. Minimal forces to lift patients. J. Occup. Therapy. 50:1996;354-361.