The indigenous, nonracist origins of the American skinhead subculture

Youth and Society

Volumn 31, Issue 2, 1999, Pages 131-151

  Wood, Robert T ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0033622378     PISSN: 0044118X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0044118X99031002001     Document Type: Article

References (64)

1. Adolescents. (1981). Kids of the black hole. On Adolescents [CD]. Sun Valley, CA: Frontier Records.
2. Agnostic Front. (1983a). Traitor. On Last warning [CD]. [Location not stated]: Relativity Records. (1993)
3. Agnostic Front. (1983b). United blood. On Last warning [CD]. [Location not stated]: Relativity Records. (1993)
4. Agnostic Front. (1986a). Blind justice. On Victim in pain [cassette tape]. [Location not stated]: Relativity Records.
5. Agnostic Front. (1986b). Fascist attitudes. On Victim in pain [cassette tape]. [Location not stated]: Relativity Records.
6. Agnostic Front. (1986c). United and strong. On Victim in pain [cassette tape]. [Location not stated]: Relativity Records.
7. Anti-Defamation League. (1990). Neo-nazi skinheads: A 1990 status report. New York: Author.
8. Austin, R. L. (1980). Adolescent subcultures of violence. Sociological Quarterly, 21, 545-561.
9. Baron, S. W. (1989). Resistance and its consequences: The street culture of punks. Youth & Society, 22, 207-237.
10. Baron, S. W. (1997). Canadian male street skinheads: Street gang or street terrorists? Canadian Review of Sociology and Anthropology, 34, 125-154.
11. Birkenhead, R. (1989). A lot to learn [Recorded by Underdog]. On Vanishing point [cassette]. New York: Caroline Records.
12. Brake, M. (1993). Comparative youth culture. New York: Routledge.
13. Cloward, R., & Ohlin, L. E. (1960). Delinquency and opportunity. New York: Free Press.
14. Clutter, S. (1990, October 7). A movement prone to violence finds itself divided over racism. The Edmonton Journal, pp. D1-D2.
15. Cohen, A. K. (1955). Delinquent boys: The culture of the gang. Glencoe, IL: Free Press.
16. Confront. (1989). Our fight. On One life crew, Crime ridden society [CD]. Chicago: Victory Records. (1995)
17. Coplon, J. (1988, December 1). Skinhead nation. Rolling Stone, 55-65, 94.
18. DYS. (n.d.). Circle storm. On Fire and ice/Wolfpack [CD]. Auburndale, MA: Taang! Records.
19. Gitter, M. (1993). In Agnostic Front (Author), Last warning [CD lyric sheet]. [Location not stated]: Relativity Records.
20. Gorilla Biscuits. (1989). Degradation. On Start today [cassette]. New Haven, CT: Revelation Records.
21. Government Issue. (1981). Anarchy is dead. On Dischord 1981: The year in seven inches. Washington, DC: Dischord Records. (1993)
22. Hamm, M. S. (1993). American skinheads: The criminology and control of hate crime. Westport, CT: Praeger.
23. Hebdige, D. (1989). Subculture: The meaning of style. London: Methuen.
24. Hum, P. (1990, August 1). Non-racist skinheads belie stereotype. The Edmonton Journal, p. A9.
25. Judge. (1988). New York crew. On New York crew [cassette]. Huntington Beach, CA: Revelation Records.
26. Kennedy, L. W., & Baron, S. W. (1993). Routine activities and a subculture of violence: A study of violence on the street. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 32(1), 88-112.
27. Kinsella, W. (1994). Web of hate: Inside Canada's far right network. Toronto, Canada: Harper-Collins.
28. Kitchener-Waterloo SHARP. (n.d.). Kitchener-Waterloo SHARP crew. Colourblind, 2(1). (Available from Ottawa Area SHARP Crew, c/o Rideauview Postal Outlet, P.O. Box 38036, Ottawa, Ontario, K2C 3Y7, Canada)
29. Krakdown. (1987). Ignorance. On New York city hardcore the way it is [CD]. Huntington Beach, CA: Revelation Records.
30. Laing, D. (1997). Listening to punk. In K. Gelder & S. Thornton (Eds.), The subcultures reader (pp. 406-419). New York: Routledge.
31. Leong, L.W.-T. (1992). Cultural resistance: The cultural terrorism of British male working class youth. Current Perspectives in Social Theory, 12, 29-58.
32. Minor Threat. (1981a). Out of step. On Minor threat [cassette]. Washington, DC: Dischord Records. (1987)
33. Minor Threat. (1981b). Straight-edge. On Minor threat [cassette]. Washington, DC: Dischord Records. (1987)
34. Minor Threat. (1986). Out of step [cassette]. Washington, DC: Dischord Records.
35. Minor Threat. (1987). Minor threat [cassette]. Washington, DC: Dischord Records.
36. Moore, J. B. (1993). Skinheads shaved for battle: A cultural history of American skinheads. Bowling Green, OH: Bowling Green State University Popular Press.
37. Negative Approach. (1982). Lead song. On Total recall [cassette]. Chicago: Touch and Go Records. (1991)
38. Negative Approach. (1983). Said and done. On Total recall [cassette]. Chicago: Touch and Go Records. (1991)
39. Negative Approach. (1991). Total recall [cassette]. Chicago: Touch and Go Records.
40. Ottawa SHARP. (n.d.). Colourblind, 2(1). (Available from Ottawa Area SHARP Crew, c/o Rideauview Postal Outlet, P.O. Box 38036, Ottawa, Ontario, K2C 3Y7, Canada)
41. Peoria SHARP. (n.d.). SHARP has declared this a racist free zone [one page leaflet]. (Available from Peoria SHARP, P.O. Box 3174, Peoria, IL 61612)
42. Ridgeway, J. (1990). Blood in the face. New York: Thunder's Mouth Press.
43. Shelden, R. G., Tracy, S. K., & Brown, W. B. (1997). Youth gangs in American society. New York: Wadsworth Publishing Company.
44. Smallee. (n.d.-a). More than fashion [Recorded by DYS]. On Fire and ice/Wolfpack [CD]. Aubumdale, MA: Taang! Records.
45. Smallee. (n.d.-b). Wolfpack [Recorded by DYS]. On Fire and ice/Wolfpack [CD]. Aubumdale, MA: Taang! Records.
46. Stake, R. E. (1994). Case studies. In N. K. Denzin & Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), Handbook of qualitative research (pp. 236-247). London: Sage Ltd.
47. Stuart, P., & Small, A. (1982). Another state of mind [video]. (Available from Better Youth Organization, P.O. Box 67A64, Los Angeles, CA 90067)
48. Suall, I., & Lowe, D. (1988). Shaved for battle: Skinheads target America's youth. Political Communication and Persuasion, 5, 139-144.
49. The Teen Idles. (1980). Fleeting fury. On Dischord 1981: The year in seven inches. Washington, DC: Dischord Records. (1993)
50. Vee, T. (1991). In Negative Approach (Author), Total recall [cassette cover]. Chicago: Touch and Go Records.
51. Victory Records. (1996). Strife[:] One truth live [video]. Chicago: Author.
52. Walser, R. (1997). Eruptions: Heavy metal appropriations of classical virtuosity. In K. Gelder & S. Thomton (Eds.), The subcultures reader (pp. 459-470). New York: Routledge.
53. Warzone. (1988a). The American movement. On Open your eyes [cassette]. New York: Caroline Records.
54. Warzone. (1988b). As one. On New York city hardcore the way it is [CD]. Huntington Beach, CA: Revelation Records.
55. Warzone. (1988c). Fight the oppressor. On Open your eyes [cassette]. New York: Caroline Records.
56. Warzone. (1988d). Open your eyes [cassette]. New York: Caroline Records.
57. Warzone. (1988e). Racism - world history, part 1. On Open your eyes [cassette]. New York: Caroline Records.
58. Weinstein, D. (1991). Heavy metal: A cultural sociology. New York: Lexington Books.
59. Wexler, L. (1994, November 9). Under my skin. City paper: Baltimore's free weekly, pp. 19-22.
60. Wood, R. T. (in press). Threat transcendence, ideological articulation, and frame of reference reconstruction: Some preliminary concepts for a theory of subcultural schism. Deviant Behavior.
61. Yates, S. C. (1992, February 19). Nasty boys. Denver rocky mountain news, pp. 48, 50.
62. Young, K., & Craig, L. (1997). Beyond White pride: Identity, meaning and contradiction in the Canadian skinhead subculture. Canadian Review of Sociology and Anthropology, 34, 175-206.
63. Youth of Today. (1988). Prejudice. On We're not in this alone [record]. New York: Caroline Records.
64. Zellner, W. W. (1995). Countercultures: A sociological analysis. New York: St. Martin's.