Foraging, growth and survival of Atlantic cod larvae reared in different prey concentrations

Aquaculture

Volumn 175, Issue 1-2, 1999, Pages 77-92

  Puvanendran, Velmurugu ^a   Brown, Joseph A ^a  

^a MEMORIAL UNIVERSITY OF NEWFOUNDLAND   (Canada)

Author keywords

Cod larvae; Growth; Intensive rearing; Mortality; Prey concentration; Survival

Indexed keywords

AQUACULTURE; FORAGING BEHAVIOR; GROWTH; PREY AVAILABILITY; SURVIVAL;

GADUS MORHUA;

EID: 0033617484     PISSN: 00448486     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0044-8486(99)00023-X     Document Type: Article

References (49)

1. Altman J. Observational study of behaviour: sampling methods. Behaviour. 91:1974;449-459.
2. Barlow, G.W., 1977. Modal action patterns. In: Sebeok, T.A. (Ed.), How Animals Communicate? Indiana University Press, Bloomington, pp. 98-134.
3. Blaxter, J.H.S., 1980. Vision and the feeding of fishes. In: Bardach, J.E., Magnuson, J.J., May R.C., Reinhart, J.M. (Eds.), Fish Behaviour and its Use in Capture and Culture of Fishes. ICLARM Conference Proceedings, ICLARM, Manila, Philippines, pp. 32-56.
4. Blaxter J.H.S. Development of sense organs and behaviour of teleost larvae with special reference to feeding and predator avoidance. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 115:1986;98-114.
5. Blom G., Otterå H., Svåsand T., Kristiansen T.S., Serigastad B. The relationship between feeding conditions and production of cod fry (Gadus morhua L.) in a semi-enclosed marine ecosystem in western Norway, illustrated by use of a consumption model. Int. Counc. Explor. Sea (ICES) Mar. Sci. Symp. 192:1991;176-189.
6. Boehlert G.W., Yoklavich M.M. Carbon assimilation as a function of ingestion rate in larval Pacific herring, Clupea harengus pallasi Valenciennes. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 79:1984;251-262.
7. Buckley L.J. Relationships between RNA-DNA ratio, prey density, and growth rate in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) larvae. J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 36:1979;1497-1502.
8. Buckley L.J., Halavik T.A., Smigielski A.S., Laurence G.C. Growth and survival of the larvae of three species of temperate marine fishes reared at discrete prey densities. Am. Fish. Soc. Symp. 2:1987;82-92.
9. Cowan J.H. Jr., Houde E.D. Growth and survival of bay anchovy Anchoa mitchilli in mesocosm enclosures. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 68:1990;47-57.
10. Cushing D.H. Are fish larvae too dilute to affect the density of their food organisms? J. Plank. Res. 5:1983;847-854.
11. Cushing D.H., Horwood J.W. The growth and death of fish larvae. J. Plank. Res. 16:1994;291-300.
12. Dowd C.E., Houde E.D. Combined effects of prey concentration and photoperiod on survival and growth of larval sea bream, Archosargus rhomboidalis (Sparidae). Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 3:1980;181-185.
13. Drost M.R. Relation between aiming and catch success in larval fish. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 44:1987;304-315.
14. Ellertsen B., Moksness E., Solemdal P., Strømme T., Tilseth S., Westgård T., Øiestad V. Some biological aspects of cod larvae (Gadus morhua L.). FiskDir. Skr. Ser. HavUnders. 17:1980;29-47.
15. Ellertsen B., Monksness E., Solemdal P., Tilseth S., Westgård T., Øiestad V. Growth and survival of cod larvae in an enclosure experiment and a mathematical model. Rapp. P.-v. Réun. Cons. Int. Explor. Mer. 178:1981;45-57.
16. Fossum P., Ellertsen B. Gut content analysis of first-feeding cod larvae (Gadus morhua L.) sampled at Lofoten, Norway, 1979-1986. ICES Mar. Sci. Symp. 198:1994;430-437.
17. Gill A.B., Hart P.J.B. How feeding performance and energy intake change with a small increase in the body size of the three-spined stickleback. J. Fish Biol. 48:1996;878-890.
18. Gopalakrishnan K. Larval rearing of red shrimp Penaeus marginatus (Crustacea). Aquaculture. 9:1976;145-154.
19. Goshorn D.M., Epifanio C.E. Development, survival, and growth of larval weakfish at different prey abundances. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 120:1991;693-700.
20. Gotceites V., Puvanendran V., Leader L.L., Brown J.A. An experimental investigation on 'match/mismatch' hypothesis using larval Atlantic cod. Mar. Biol. Prog. Ser. 130:1996;29-37.
21. Hay D.E. Effects of capture and fixation on gut contents and body size of Pacific herring larvae. Rapp. P.-v. Réun. Cons. Int. Explor. Mer. 178:1981;395-400.
22. Houde E.D. Effects of stocking density and food density on survival, growth and yield of laboratory-reared larvae of sea bream Archosargus rhomboidalis (L.) (Sparidae). J. Fish Biol. 7:1975;115-127.
23. Houde E.D. Critical food concentration for larvae of three species of subtropical marine fishes. Bull. Mar. Sci. 28:1978;395-411.
24. Hunter R.J. Swimming and feeding behaviour of larval anchovy Engraulis mordax. Fish. Bull. 70(3):1972;821-838.
25. Johnson, R.A., Wichren, D.W., 1982. Applied Multivariate Statistical Analysis. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 594 pp.
26. Katavić I. Diet involvement in mass mortality of sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) larvae. Aquaculture. 58:1986;45-54.
27. Koslow J.A., Brault S., Foirnier R.O., Hughes P. Condition of larval cod (Gadus morhua) off southwest Nova Scotia in 1983 in relation to plankton abundance and temperature. Mar. Biol. 86:1985;113-121.
28. Kvenseth, P.G., Øiestad, V., 1984. Large scale rearing of cod fry on the natural food production in an enclosed pond. In: Dahl, E., Daniellsen, D.S., Moksness, E., Solemdal, P. (Eds.), The Propagation of Cod Gadus morhua L., Flød. Rapp. 1, pp. 645-655.
29. Laurence G.C. Comperative swimming abilities of fed and starved larval largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). J. Fish Biol. 4:1972;73-78.
30. Laurence G.C. Comparative growth, respiration and delayed feeding abilities of larval cod (Gadus morhua) and haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) as influenced by temperature during laboratory studies. Mar. Biol. 50:1978;1-7.
31. Laurence G.C., Smigielski A.S., Halavik T.A., Burns B.R. Implications of direct competition between larval cod (Gadus morhua) and haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) in laboratory growth and survival studies at different food densities. Rapp. P.-v. Réun. Cons. Int. Explor. Mer. 178:1981;304-311.
32. Léger P., Bengtson D.A., Simpson K.L., Sorgeloos P. The use and nutritional value of Artemia as a food source. Oceanogr. Mar. Biol. Ann. Rev. 24:1986;521-623.
33. Margulies D. Assessment of the nutritional condition of larval and early juvenile tuna and Spanish mackerel (Pisces: Scombridae) in Panama Bight. Mar. Biol. 115:1993;317-330.
34. McGurk M.D. Effects of net capture on the post preservation morphometry, dry weight, and condition factor of Pacific herring larvae. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 114:1985;348-356.
35. McLaren I.A., Avendaño P. Prey field and diet of larval cod on Western Bank, Scotian Shelf. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 52:1995;448-463.
36. Miller T.J., Crowder L.B., Rice J.A., Binkowski F.P. Body size and the ontogeny of the functional response in fishes. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 49:1992;805-812.
37. Munk P. Foraging behaviour of larval cod (Gadus morhua) influenced by prey density and hunger. Mar. Biol. 122:1995;205-212.
38. Munk P., Kiørboe T. Feeding behaviour and swimming activity of larval herring (Clupea harengus) in relation to density of copepod nauplii. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 24:1985;15-21.
39. Munk P., Kiørboe T. Feeding and growth of larval herring, Clupea harengus, in relation to density of copepod nauplii. Envt. Biol. Fish. 17:1986;133-139.
40. Otterå H. Feeding, growth and survival of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) larvae reared in replicate plastic enclosures. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 50:1993;913-924.
41. SAS Institute, 1988. SAS/STAT User's Guide. Release 6.03 edn. SAS Institute Cary, NC, USA, 1028 pp.
42. Tilseth S. New marine species for cold-water farming. Aquaculture. 85:1990;235-245.
43. Tsai C.-F. Prey density requirements of the striped bass, Morone saxatilis (Walbaum), larvae. Estuaries. 14:1991;207-217.
44. Tucker Jr., J.W., 1992. Feeding intensively-cultured marine fish larvae. In: Allen, G.L., Dall, W. (Eds.), Proc. Aquaculture Nutrition Workshop, Salamander Bay. 15-17 April 1991. NSW Fisheries, Australia, pp. 129-146.
45. van der Meeren T., Næss T. How does cod (Gadus morhua) cope with variability in feeding conditions during early larval stages? Mar. Biol. 116:1993;637-647.
46. van der Wall E.J., Nell J.A. Effect of food concentration on the survival and growth of Australian bass (Macquaria novemaculeata) larvae. Prog. Fish Cult. 48:1986;202-204.
47. Welker M.T., Pierce C.L., Wahl D.H. Growth and survival of larval fishes: roles of competition and zooplankton abundance. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 123:1994;703-717.
48. Werner R.G., Blaxter J.H.S. Growth and survival of larval herring (Clupea harengus) in relation to prey density. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 37:1980;1063-1069.
49. Yin M.C., Blaxter J.H.S. Feeding ability and survival during starvation of marine fish larvae reared in the laboratory. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 105:1987;73-83.