Early medieval cattle remains from a Scandinavian settlement in Dublin: Genetic analysis and comparison with extant breeds

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences

Volumn 354, Issue 1379, 1999, Pages 99-109

  MacHugh, David E ^a   Troy, Christopher S ^a   McCormick, Finbar ^b   Olsaker, Ingrid ^c   Eythórsdóttir, Emma ^d   Bradley, Daniel G ^a  

^a TRINITY COLLEGE DUBLIN   (Ireland)

^b QUEEN'S UNIVERSITY BELFAST   (United Kingdom)

^c NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF LIFE SCIENCES   (Norway)

^d Agricultural Research Institute Reykjavik   (Iceland)

Author keywords

Ancient DNA; Biomolecular archaeology; Cattle; Medieval Dublin; Mitochondrial DNA; Polymerase chain reaction

Indexed keywords

ARCHAEOLOGICAL EVIDENCE; DNA; GENETIC ANALYSIS; HISTORICAL GEOGRAPHY; LIVESTOCK FARMING; MEDIEVAL;

DUBLIN; IRELAND;

EID: 0033613653     PISSN: 09628436     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1098/rstb.1999.0363     Document Type: Article

References (39)

1. Anderson, S., de Bruijn, M. H., Coulson, A. R., Eperon, I. C., Sauger, F. & Young, I. G. 1982 Complete sequence of bovine mitochondrial DNA. Conserved features of the mammalian mitochondrial genome. J. Molec. Biol. 156, 683-717.
2. Austin, J. J., Ross, A. J., Smith, A. B., Fortey, R. A. & Thomas, R. H. 1997a Problems of reproducibility - does geologically ancient DNA survive in amber-preserved insects? Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 264, 467-474.
3. Austin, J. J., Smith, A. B. & Thomas, R. H. 1997b Palaeontology in a molecular world: the search for authentic ancient DNA. Trends Ecol. Evol. 12, 303-306.
4. Avise, J. C. 1994 Molecular markers, natural history and evolution. New York: Chapman & Hall.
5. Bailey, J. F., Richards, M. B., Macaulay, V. A., Colson, I. B., James, I. T., Bradley, D. G., Hedges, R. E. & Sykes, B. C. 1996 Ancient DNA suggests a recent expansion of European cattle from a diverse wild progenitor species. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 263, 1467-1473.
6. Baker, C. M. A. & Manwell, C. 1991 Population genetics, molecular markers and gene conservation of bovine breeds. In Cattle genetic resources, vol. B7 (ed. C. G. Hickman), pp. 221-304. Amsterdam: Elsevier.
7. Bandelt, H. J., Forster, P., Sykes, B. C. & Richards, M. B. 1995 Mitochondrial portraits of human populations using median networks. Genetics 141, 743-753.
8. Bradley, D. G., MacHugh, D. E., Loftus, R. T., Sow, R. S., Hoste, C. H. & Cunningham, E. P. 1994 Zebu-taurine variation in Y chromosomal DNA: a sensitive assay for genetic introgression in West African trypanotolerant cattle populations. Anim. Genet. 25, 7-12.
9. Bradley, D. G., MacHugh, D. E., Cunningham, P. & Loftus, R. T. 1996 Mitochondrial diversity and the origins of African and European cattle. Prof. Natn. Acad. Sci. USA 93, 5131-5135.
10. Bradley, D. G., Loftus, R. T., Cunningham, P. & MacHugh, D. E. 1998 Genetics and domestic cattle origins. Evol. Anthropol. 6, 79-86.
11. Felsenstein, J. 1993 PHYLIP (Phylogeny Inference Package) version 3.5c: distributed by the author. Department of Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle.
12. Hagelberg, E., Bell, L. S., Allen, T., Boyde, A., Jones, S. J. & Clegg, J. B. 1991 Analysis of ancient bone DNA: techniques and applications. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B 333, 399-407.
13. Hanni, C., Brousseau, T., Laudet, V. & Stehelin, D. 1995 Isopropanol precipitation removes PCR inhibitors from ancient bone extracts. Nucl. Acids Res. 23, 881-882.
14. Lindahl, T. 1997 Facts and artifacts of ancient DNA. Cell 90, 1-3.
15. Loftus, R. T., Mac-Hugh, D. E., Bradley, D. G., Sharp, P. M. & Cunningham, E. P. 1994a Evidence for two independent domestications of cattle. Prof. Natn. Acad. Sci. USA 91, 2757-2761.
16. Loftus, R. T., MacHugh, D. E., Ngere, L. O., Balain, D. S., Badi, A. M., Bradley, D. G. & Cunningham, E. P. 1994b Mitochondrial genetic variation in European, African and Indian cattle populations. Anim. Genet. 25, 265-271.
17. McCormick, F. M. 1987 Stockrearing in early Christian Ireland. PhD thesis, Queen's University of Belfast.
18. MacHugh, D. E., Loftus, R. T., Bradley, D. G., Sharp, P. M. & Cunningham, E. P. 1994 Microsatellite DNA variation within and among European cattle breeds. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 256, 25-31.
19. MacHugh, D. E., Shriver, M. D., Loftus, R. T., Cunningham, P. & Bradley, D. G. 1997 Microsatellite DNA variation and the evolution, domestication and phylogeography of taurine and zebu cattle (Bos taurus and Bos indicus). Genetics 146, 1071-1086.
20. MacHugh, D. E., Loftus, R. T., Cunningham, P. & Bradley, D. G. 1998 Genetic structure of seven European cattle breeds assessed using 20 microsatellite markers. Anim. Genet. 29, 333-340.
21. Meadow, R. H. 1993 Animal domestication in the Middle East: a revised view from the Eastern Margin. In Harappan civilisation (ed. G. Possehl), pp. 295-320. New Delhi: Oxford and IBH.
22. Poinar, H. N., Höss, M., Bada, J. L. & Pääbo, S. 1996 Amino acid racemization and the preservation of ancient DNA. Science 272, 864-866.
23. Reynolds, J., Weir, B. S. & Cockerham, C. C. 1983 Estimation of the coancestry coefficient: basis for a short-term genetic distance. Genetics 105, 767-779.
24. Richards, M. B., Sykes, B. C. & Hedges, R. E. M. 1995 Authenticating DNA extracted from ancient skeletal remains. J. Arch. Sci. 22, 291-299.
25. Richards, M., Corte-Real, H., Forster, P., Macaulay, V., Wilkinson-Herbots, H., Demaine, A., Papiha, S., Hedges, R., Bandelt, H. J. & Sykes, B. 1996 Paleolithic and neolithic lineages in the European mitochondrial gene pool. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 59, 185-203.
26. Rogers, A. R. 1995 Genetic evidence for a Pleistocene population explosion. Evolution 49, 608-615.
27. Rogers, A. R. & Harpending, H. 1992 Population growth makes waves in the distribution of pairwise genetic differences. Molec. Biol. Evol. 9, 552-569.
28. Saitou, N. & Nei, M. 1987 The neighbor-joining method: a new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees. Molec. Biol. Evol. 4, 406-425.
29. Scherf, B. D. (ed.) 1995 World watch list for domestic animal diversity. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
30. Schneider, S., Kueffer, J.-M., Roessli, D. & Excoffier, L. 1997 Arlequin ver. 1.1: a software for population genetic data analysis. Genetics and Biometry Laboratory, University of Geneva, Switzerland.
31. Slatkin, M. 1995 A measure of population subdivision based on microsatellite allele frequencies. Genetics 134, 983-993.
32. Stoneking, M. 1995 Ancient DNA: how do you know when you have it and what can you do with it? Am. J. Hum. Genet. 57, 1259-1262.
33. Tajima, F. 1983 Evolutionary relationship of DNA sequences in finite populations. Genetics 105, 437-460.
34. Thompson, J. D., Higgins, D. G. & Gibson, T. J. 1994 CLUSTAL W: improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, position-specific gap penalties and weight matrix choice. Nucl. Acids Res. 22, 4673-4680.
35. Troy, C. 1998 Mitochondrial DNA phylogeny and biogeography of domesticated cattle. PhD thesis, University of Dublin.
36. Wallace, P. F. 1985 The archaeology of Viking Dublin. In The comparative history of urban origins in non-Roman Europe: Ireland, Wales, Denmark, Germany, Poland and Russia from the ninth to the thirteenth century, vol. 255(i) (ed. H. B. Clarke & A. Simms). Oxford: BAR International Series.
37. Wallace, P. F. 1992 The Viking Age buildings of Dublin. Medieval Dublin excavations 1962-81. Dublin: National Museum of Ireland Royal Irish Academy.
38. Wendorf, F. & Schild, R. 1994 Are the early Holocene cattle in the Eastern Sahara domestic or wild? Evol. Anthropol. 3, 118-128.
39. Wilson, J. 1909 The Scandinavian origin of hornless cattle of the British Isles. Sci. Proc. R. Dublin Soc. 1, 145-164.