메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 234, Issue 2, 1999, Pages 199-218

Distinguishing direct from indirect effects of grazers in intertidal estuarine assemblages

Author keywords

Algae; Gastropods; Herbivory; Indirect interactions; Multivariate analysis

Indexed keywords

ESTUARINE ENVIRONMENT; GRAZING; HERBIVORY; INTERTIDAL COMMUNITY;

EID: 0033611781     PISSN: 00220981     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0022-0981(98)00159-2     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (24)

References (65)
  • 1
    • 0343929356 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Indirect effects of grazing gastropods on recruitment of Sydney Rock oysters
    • In: Floyd, R.B., Sheppard, A.W., De Barro, P.J. (Eds.) CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
    • Anderson, M.J., 1996a. Indirect effects of grazing gastropods on recruitment of Sydney Rock oysters. In: Floyd, R.B., Sheppard, A.W., De Barro, P.J. (Eds.), Frontiers of Population Ecology. CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, pp. 339-347.
    • (1996) Frontiers of Population Ecology , pp. 339-347
    • Anderson, M.J.1
  • 3
    • 0030621246 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of gastropod grazers on recruitment and succession of an estuarine assemblage: A multivariate and univariate approach
    • Anderson M.J., Underwood A.J. Effects of gastropod grazers on recruitment and succession of an estuarine assemblage: a multivariate and univariate approach. Oecologia. 109:1997;442-453.
    • (1997) Oecologia , vol.109 , pp. 442-453
    • Anderson, M.J.1    Underwood, A.J.2
  • 4
    • 0024225243 scopus 로고
    • Ecological aspects of the common sea urchin, Evichinus chloroticus, in northern New Zealand: A review
    • Andrew N.L. Ecological aspects of the common sea urchin, Evichinus chloroticus, in northern New Zealand: a review. N.Z. J. Mar. Freshwater Res. 22:1988;415-426.
    • (1988) N.Z. J. Mar. Freshwater Res. , vol.22 , pp. 415-426
    • Andrew, N.L.1
  • 5
    • 0020363351 scopus 로고
    • The influence of predation and conspecific adults on the abundance of juvenile Evechinus chloroticus (Echinoidea: Echinometridae)
    • Andrew N.L., Choat J.H. The influence of predation and conspecific adults on the abundance of juvenile Evechinus chloroticus (Echinoidea: Echinometridae). Oecologia. 54:1982;80-87.
    • (1982) Oecologia , vol.54 , pp. 80-87
    • Andrew, N.L.1    Choat, J.H.2
  • 7
    • 0026054316 scopus 로고
    • Experimental studies on some aspects of the feeding ecology of the intertidal starfish Patiriella exigua
    • Arrontes J., Underwood A.J. Experimental studies on some aspects of the feeding ecology of the intertidal starfish Patiriella exigua. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 148:1991;255-269.
    • (1991) J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. , vol.148 , pp. 255-269
    • Arrontes, J.1    Underwood, A.J.2
  • 8
    • 0000615892 scopus 로고
    • The role of biological disturbance in temperate subtidal encrusting communities
    • Ayling A.M. The role of biological disturbance in temperate subtidal encrusting communities. Ecology. 62:1981;830-847.
    • (1981) Ecology , vol.62 , pp. 830-847
    • Ayling, A.M.1
  • 9
    • 0028163348 scopus 로고
    • Effects of a specialist herbivore (Altica subplicata) on Salix cordata and sand dune succession
    • Bach C.E. Effects of a specialist herbivore (Altica subplicata) on Salix cordata and sand dune succession. Ecol. Monogr. 64:1994;423-445.
    • (1994) Ecol. Monogr. , vol.64 , pp. 423-445
    • Bach, C.E.1
  • 10
    • 0021557075 scopus 로고
    • Habitat and community modification by an introduced herbivorous snail
    • Bertness M.D. Habitat and community modification by an introduced herbivorous snail. Ecology. 65:1984;370-381.
    • (1984) Ecology , vol.65 , pp. 370-381
    • Bertness, M.D.1
  • 11
    • 0028162254 scopus 로고
    • Higher order interactions in ecological communities: What are they and how can they be detected?
    • Billick I., Case T.J. Higher order interactions in ecological communities: what are they and how can they be detected? Ecology. 75:1994;1529-1543.
    • (1994) Ecology , vol.75 , pp. 1529-1543
    • Billick, I.1    Case, T.J.2
  • 12
    • 0003050357 scopus 로고
    • Competition between Cellana tramoserica (Sowerby) (Gastropoda) and Patiriella exigua (Lamarck) (Asteroidea), and their influence on algal standing stocks
    • Branch G.M., Branch M.L. Competition between Cellana tramoserica (Sowerby) (Gastropoda) and Patiriella exigua (Lamarck) (Asteroidea), and their influence on algal standing stocks. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 48:1980;35-49.
    • (1980) J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. , vol.48 , pp. 35-49
    • Branch, G.M.1    Branch, M.L.2
  • 13
    • 0002221234 scopus 로고
    • Disturbance and organisation of macroalgal assemblages in the Northwest Atlantic
    • Chapman A.R.O., Johnson C.R. Disturbance and organisation of macroalgal assemblages in the Northwest Atlantic. Hydrobiologia. 192:1990;77-121.
    • (1990) Hydrobiologia , vol.192 , pp. 77-121
    • Chapman, A.R.O.1    Johnson, C.R.2
  • 14
    • 0027804103 scopus 로고
    • Non-parametric multivariate analyses of changes in community structure
    • Clarke K.R. Non-parametric multivariate analyses of changes in community structure. Aust. J. Ecol. 18:1993;117-143.
    • (1993) Aust. J. Ecol. , vol.18 , pp. 117-143
    • Clarke, K.R.1
  • 15
    • 0002354097 scopus 로고
    • Distribution and abundance of the Acmaeid limpet, Patelloida latistrigata, and its interaction with barnacles
    • Creese R.G. Distribution and abundance of the Acmaeid limpet, Patelloida latistrigata, and its interaction with barnacles. Oecologia. 52:1982;85-96.
    • (1982) Oecologia , vol.52 , pp. 85-96
    • Creese, R.G.1
  • 17
    • 0001108535 scopus 로고
    • Competition, disturbance, and community organization: The provision and subsequent utilization of space in a rocky intertidal community
    • Dayton P.K. Competition, disturbance, and community organization: the provision and subsequent utilization of space in a rocky intertidal community. Ecol. Monogr. 41:1971;351-389.
    • (1971) Ecol. Monogr. , vol.41 , pp. 351-389
    • Dayton, P.K.1
  • 18
    • 0001192122 scopus 로고
    • Experiments on factors influencing settlement, survival and growth of two species of barnacles in New South Wales
    • Denley E.J., Underwood A.J. Experiments on factors influencing settlement, survival and growth of two species of barnacles in New South Wales. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 36:1979;269-293.
    • (1979) J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. , vol.36 , pp. 269-293
    • Denley, E.J.1    Underwood, A.J.2
  • 19
    • 0021626957 scopus 로고
    • An 'indirect commensalism' between marine herbivores and the importance of competitive hierarchies
    • Dethier M.N., Duggins D.O. An 'indirect commensalism' between marine herbivores and the importance of competitive hierarchies. Am. Nat. 124:1984;205-219.
    • (1984) Am. Nat. , vol.124 , pp. 205-219
    • Dethier, M.N.1    Duggins, D.O.2
  • 20
    • 0022872930 scopus 로고
    • Three-way interactions: Barnacles, limpets, and algae in a Sonoran Desert rocky intertidal zone
    • Dungan M.L. Three-way interactions: barnacles, limpets, and algae in a Sonoran Desert rocky intertidal zone. Am. Nat. 127:1986;292-316.
    • (1986) Am. Nat. , vol.127 , pp. 292-316
    • Dungan, M.L.1
  • 21
    • 0002989297 scopus 로고
    • Indirect mutualism: complementary effects of grazing and predation in a rocky intertidal community
    • In: Kerfoot, W.C., Sih, A. (Eds.) University Press of New England, Hanover, NH
    • Dungan, M.L., 1987. Indirect mutualism: complementary effects of grazing and predation in a rocky intertidal community. In: Kerfoot, W.C., Sih, A. (Eds.), Predation: Direct and Indirect Impacts on Aquatic Communities. University Press of New England, Hanover, NH, pp. 188-200.
    • (1987) Predation: Direct and Indirect Impacts on Aquatic Communities , pp. 188-200
    • Dungan, M.L.1
  • 23
    • 46549092406 scopus 로고
    • Differential predation on alternative prey, and the survival of rocky intertidal organisms in New South Wales
    • Fairweather P.G. Differential predation on alternative prey, and the survival of rocky intertidal organisms in New South Wales. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 89:1985;135-156.
    • (1985) J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. , vol.89 , pp. 135-156
    • Fairweather, P.G.1
  • 24
    • 38249028864 scopus 로고
    • Experiments on the interaction between predation and the availability of different prey on rocky seashores
    • Fairweather P.G. Experiments on the interaction between predation and the availability of different prey on rocky seashores. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 114:1987;261-273.
    • (1987) J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. , vol.114 , pp. 261-273
    • Fairweather, P.G.1
  • 25
    • 0024182683 scopus 로고
    • Community stability: Effects of limpet removal and reintroduction in a rocky intertidal community
    • Farrell T.M. Community stability: effects of limpet removal and reintroduction in a rocky intertidal community. Oecologia. 75:1988;190-197.
    • (1988) Oecologia , vol.75 , pp. 190-197
    • Farrell, T.M.1
  • 26
    • 0025946033 scopus 로고
    • Models and mechanisms of succession: An example from a rocky intertidal community
    • Farrell T.M. Models and mechanisms of succession: an example from a rocky intertidal community. Ecol. Monogr. 61:1991;95-113.
    • (1991) Ecol. Monogr. , vol.61 , pp. 95-113
    • Farrell, T.M.1
  • 27
    • 0023470287 scopus 로고
    • Interactions among subtidal Australian sea urchins, gastropods, and algae: Effects of experimental removals
    • Fletcher W.J. Interactions among subtidal Australian sea urchins, gastropods, and algae: effects of experimental removals. Ecol. Monogr. 57:1987;89-109.
    • (1987) Ecol. Monogr. , vol.57 , pp. 89-109
    • Fletcher, W.J.1
  • 29
    • 0020891911 scopus 로고
    • Community development following removal of urchins, Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis, from the rocky subtidal zone of the St. Lawrence Estuary, Eastern Canada
    • Himmelman J.H., Cardinal A., Bourget E. Community development following removal of urchins, Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis, from the rocky subtidal zone of the St. Lawrence Estuary, Eastern Canada. Oecologia. 59:1983;27-39.
    • (1983) Oecologia , vol.59 , pp. 27-39
    • Himmelman, J.H.1    Cardinal, A.2    Bourget, E.3
  • 30
    • 46549103355 scopus 로고
    • An experimental evaluation of the influence of barnacles, crevices and seasonal patterns of grazing on algal diversity and cover in an intertidal barnacle zone
    • Jernakoff P. An experimental evaluation of the influence of barnacles, crevices and seasonal patterns of grazing on algal diversity and cover in an intertidal barnacle zone. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 88:1985;287-302.
    • (1985) J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. , vol.88 , pp. 287-302
    • Jernakoff, P.1
  • 31
    • 0002444022 scopus 로고
    • The effect of overgrowth by algae on the survival of the intertidal barnacle Tesseropora rosea Krauss
    • Jernakoff P. The effect of overgrowth by algae on the survival of the intertidal barnacle Tesseropora rosea Krauss. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 94:1985;89-97.
    • (1985) J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. , vol.94 , pp. 89-97
    • Jernakoff, P.1
  • 32
    • 0003383605 scopus 로고
    • An experimental analysis of interactions among several intertidal organisms
    • Jernakoff P., Fairweather P.G. An experimental analysis of interactions among several intertidal organisms. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 94:1985;71-88.
    • (1985) J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. , vol.94 , pp. 71-88
    • Jernakoff, P.1    Fairweather, P.G.2
  • 33
    • 0031423552 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation of fish reproduction by a predatory gastropod: An experimental investigation of indirect effects in a seagrass community
    • Kuhlmann M.L. Regulation of fish reproduction by a predatory gastropod: an experimental investigation of indirect effects in a seagrass community. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 218:1997;199-214.
    • (1997) J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. , vol.218 , pp. 199-214
    • Kuhlmann, M.L.1
  • 34
    • 0032967877 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distance-based redundancy analysis: Testing multi-species responses in multi-factorial ecological experiments
    • Legendre P., Anderson M.J. Distance-based redundancy analysis: testing multi-species responses in multi-factorial ecological experiments. Ecol. Monogr. 69:1999;1-24.
    • (1999) Ecol. Monogr. , vol.69 , pp. 1-24
    • Legendre, P.1    Anderson, M.J.2
  • 35
    • 0020923607 scopus 로고
    • Littorina and Fucus: Effects of herbivores, substratum heterogeneity, and plant escapes during succession
    • Lubchenco J. Littorina and Fucus: effects of herbivores, substratum heterogeneity, and plant escapes during succession. Ecology. 64:1983;1116-1123.
    • (1983) Ecology , vol.64 , pp. 1116-1123
    • Lubchenco, J.1
  • 36
    • 0027872673 scopus 로고
    • Community succession following massive ice-scour on an exposed rocky shore: Recruitment, competition and predation during early, primary succession
    • McCook L.J., Chapman A.R.O. Community succession following massive ice-scour on an exposed rocky shore: recruitment, competition and predation during early, primary succession. Mar. Biol. 115:1993;565-575.
    • (1993) Mar. Biol. , vol.115 , pp. 565-575
    • McCook, L.J.1    Chapman, A.R.O.2
  • 37
    • 0001042555 scopus 로고
    • Experimental separation of effects of consumers on sessile prey in the low zone of a rocky shore in the Bay of Panama: Direct and indirect consequences of food web complexity
    • Menge B.A., Lubchenco J., Ashkenas L.R. Experimental separation of effects of consumers on sessile prey in the low zone of a rocky shore in the Bay of Panama: direct and indirect consequences of food web complexity. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 100:1986;225-269.
    • (1986) J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. , vol.100 , pp. 225-269
    • Menge, B.A.1    Lubchenco, J.2    Ashkenas, L.R.3
  • 38
    • 0024874176 scopus 로고
    • The role of spatial and size refuges in the interaction between juvenile barnacles and grazing limpets
    • Miller K.M., Carefoot T.H. The role of spatial and size refuges in the interaction between juvenile barnacles and grazing limpets. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 134:1989;157-174.
    • (1989) J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. , vol.134 , pp. 157-174
    • Miller, K.M.1    Carefoot, T.H.2
  • 39
    • 0002245413 scopus 로고
    • Redefining indirect effects
    • In: Kerfoot, W.C., Sih, A. (Eds.) University Press of New England, Hanover, NH
    • Miller, T.E., Kerfoot, W.C., 1987. Redefining indirect effects. In: Kerfoot, W.C., Sih, A. (Eds.), Predation: Direct and Indirect Impacts on Aquatic Communities. University Press of New England, Hanover, NH, pp. 33-37.
    • (1987) Predation: Direct and Indirect Impacts on Aquatic Communities , pp. 33-37
    • Miller, T.E.1    Kerfoot, W.C.2
  • 40
    • 0021042911 scopus 로고
    • The role of grazers in the zonation of intertidal macroalgae of the Chilean coast
    • Moreno C.A., Jaramillo E. The role of grazers in the zonation of intertidal macroalgae of the Chilean coast. Oikos. 41:1983;73-76.
    • (1983) Oikos , vol.41 , pp. 73-76
    • Moreno, C.A.1    Jaramillo, E.2
  • 41
    • 84936328783 scopus 로고
    • The effects of grazing by sea urchins, Strongylocentrotus spp. on benthic algal populations
    • Paine R.T., Vadas R.L. The effects of grazing by sea urchins, Strongylocentrotus spp. on benthic algal populations. Limnol. Oceanogr. 14:1969;710-719.
    • (1969) Limnol. Oceanogr. , vol.14 , pp. 710-719
    • Paine, R.T.1    Vadas, R.L.2
  • 42
    • 0021090213 scopus 로고
    • Grazing patterns of the periwinkle and their effect on sessile intertidal organisms
    • Petraitis P.S. Grazing patterns of the periwinkle and their effect on sessile intertidal organisms. Ecology. 64:1983;522-533.
    • (1983) Ecology , vol.64 , pp. 522-533
    • Petraitis, P.S.1
  • 43
    • 0000018442 scopus 로고
    • Factors organizing rocky intertidal communities of New England: Herbivory and predation in sheltered bays
    • Petraitis P.S. Factors organizing rocky intertidal communities of New England: herbivory and predation in sheltered bays. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 109:1987;117-136.
    • (1987) J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. , vol.109 , pp. 117-136
    • Petraitis, P.S.1
  • 44
    • 0025660929 scopus 로고
    • Direct and indirect effects of predation, herbivory and surface rugosity on mussel recruitment
    • Petraitis P.S. Direct and indirect effects of predation, herbivory and surface rugosity on mussel recruitment. Oecologia. 83:1990;405-413.
    • (1990) Oecologia , vol.83 , pp. 405-413
    • Petraitis, P.S.1
  • 45
    • 0029660482 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On randomization testing in vegetation science: Multifactor comparisons of relevé groups
    • Pillar V.D.P., Orlóci L. On randomization testing in vegetation science: multifactor comparisons of relevé groups. J. Veg. Sci. 7:1996;585-592.
    • (1996) J. Veg. Sci. , vol.7 , pp. 585-592
    • Pillar, V.D.P.1    Orlóci, L.2
  • 46
    • 0000964852 scopus 로고
    • A comment on the use of the term emergent properties
    • Salt G.W. A comment on the use of the term emergent properties. Am. Nat. 113:1979;145-148.
    • (1979) Am. Nat. , vol.113 , pp. 145-148
    • Salt, G.W.1
  • 47
    • 0003187703 scopus 로고
    • Effects of grazing by Diadema antillarum Philippi (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) on algal diversity and community structure
    • Sammarco P.W. Effects of grazing by Diadema antillarum Philippi (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) on algal diversity and community structure. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 65:1982;83-105.
    • (1982) J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. , vol.65 , pp. 83-105
    • Sammarco, P.W.1
  • 48
    • 0000560163 scopus 로고
    • Experimental investigations of disturbance and ecological succession in a rocky intertidal algal community
    • Sousa W.P. Experimental investigations of disturbance and ecological succession in a rocky intertidal algal community. Ecol. Monogr. 49:1979;227-254.
    • (1979) Ecol. Monogr. , vol.49 , pp. 227-254
    • Sousa, W.P.1
  • 49
    • 0021551062 scopus 로고
    • Intertidal mosaics: Patch size, propagule availability, and spatially variable patterns of succession
    • Sousa W.P. Intertidal mosaics: patch size, propagule availability, and spatially variable patterns of succession. Ecology. 65:1984;1918-1935.
    • (1984) Ecology , vol.65 , pp. 1918-1935
    • Sousa, W.P.1
  • 50
    • 0026082395 scopus 로고
    • Indirect effects in community ecology: Their definition, study and importance
    • Strauss S.Y. Indirect effects in community ecology: their definition, study and importance. Trends Ecol. Evol. 6:1991;206-210.
    • (1991) Trends Ecol. Evol. , vol.6 , pp. 206-210
    • Strauss, S.Y.1
  • 51
    • 34250091632 scopus 로고
    • CANOCO: An extension of DECORANA to analyze species-environment relationships
    • ter Braak C.J.F. CANOCO: an extension of DECORANA to analyze species-environment relationships. Vegetatio. 75:1988;159-160.
    • (1988) Vegetatio , vol.75 , pp. 159-160
    • Ter Braak, C.J.F.1
  • 52
    • 0002630110 scopus 로고
    • Permutation versus bootstrap significance tests in multiple regression and ANOVA
    • In: Jöckel, K.-H., Rothe, G., Sendler, W. (Eds.) Springer, Berlin
    • ter Braak, C.J.F., 1992. Permutation versus bootstrap significance tests in multiple regression and ANOVA. In: Jöckel, K.-H., Rothe, G., Sendler, W. (Eds.), Bootstrapping and Related Techniques. Springer, Berlin.
    • (1992) Bootstrapping and Related Techniques
    • Ter Braak, C.J.F.1
  • 53
    • 0026267567 scopus 로고
    • The effects of Gibbula cineraria (L.), Nucella lapillus (L.) and Asterias rubens L. on developing epifaunal assemblages
    • Turner S.J., Todd C.D. The effects of Gibbula cineraria (L.), Nucella lapillus (L.) and Asterias rubens L. on developing epifaunal assemblages. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 154:1991;191-213.
    • (1991) J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. , vol.154 , pp. 191-213
    • Turner, S.J.1    Todd, C.D.2
  • 54
    • 0343534503 scopus 로고
    • Spatial and temporal problems in the design of experiments with marine grazers
    • In: Baker, J.T., Carter, R.M., Sammarco, P.W., Stark, K.P. (Eds.) James Cook University Press, Townsville, Australia
    • Underwood, A.J., 1983. Spatial and temporal problems in the design of experiments with marine grazers. In: Baker, J.T., Carter, R.M., Sammarco, P.W., Stark, K.P. (Eds.), Proceedings, Inaugural Great Barrier Reef Conference. James Cook University Press, Townsville, Australia, pp. 251-256.
    • (1983) Proceedings, Inaugural Great Barrier Reef Conference , pp. 251-256
    • Underwood, A.J.1
  • 55
    • 0002487656 scopus 로고
    • Physical factors and biological interactions: The necessity and nature of ecological experiments
    • In: Moore, P.G., Seed, R. (Eds.) Hodder and Stoughton, London
    • Underwood, A.J., 1985. Physical factors and biological interactions: the necessity and nature of ecological experiments. In: Moore, P.G., Seed, R. (Eds.), The Ecology of Rocky Coasts. Hodder and Stoughton, London, pp. 372-390.
    • (1985) The Ecology of Rocky Coasts , pp. 372-390
    • Underwood, A.J.1
  • 56
    • 0002708401 scopus 로고
    • What is a community?
    • In: Raup, D.M., Jablonski, D. (Eds.) Springer, Berlin
    • Underwood, A.J., 1986. What is a community? In: Raup, D.M., Jablonski, D. (Eds.), Patterns and Processes in the History of Life. Springer, Berlin, pp. 351-367.
    • (1986) Patterns and Processes in the History of Life , pp. 351-367
    • Underwood, A.J.1
  • 58
    • 0025250839 scopus 로고
    • Experiments on the influence of oysters on the distribution, abundance and sizes of the gastropod Bembicium auratum in a mangrove swamp in New South Wales, Australia
    • Underwood A.J., Barrett G. Experiments on the influence of oysters on the distribution, abundance and sizes of the gastropod Bembicium auratum in a mangrove swamp in New South Wales, Australia. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 137:1990;25-45.
    • (1990) J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. , vol.137 , pp. 25-45
    • Underwood, A.J.1    Barrett, G.2
  • 59
    • 0002667184 scopus 로고
    • The effects of tidal height, wave exposure, seasonality and rock-pools on grazing and the distribution of intertidal macroalgae in New South Wales
    • Underwood A.J., Jernakoff P. The effects of tidal height, wave exposure, seasonality and rock-pools on grazing and the distribution of intertidal macroalgae in New South Wales. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 75:1984;71-96.
    • (1984) J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. , vol.75 , pp. 71-96
    • Underwood, A.J.1    Jernakoff, P.2
  • 60
    • 0002235692 scopus 로고
    • Ecology of marine algae on rocky shores and subtidal reefs in temperate Australia
    • Underwood A.J., Kennelly S.J. Ecology of marine algae on rocky shores and subtidal reefs in temperate Australia. Hydrobiologia. 192:1990;3-20.
    • (1990) Hydrobiologia , vol.192 , pp. 3-20
    • Underwood, A.J.1    Kennelly, S.J.2
  • 61
    • 0021069291 scopus 로고
    • Experimental analyses of the structure and dynamics of mid-shore rocky intertidal communities in New South Wales
    • Underwood A.J., Denley E.J., Moran M.J. Experimental analyses of the structure and dynamics of mid-shore rocky intertidal communities in New South Wales. Oecologia. 56:1983;202-219.
    • (1983) Oecologia , vol.56 , pp. 202-219
    • Underwood, A.J.1    Denley, E.J.2    Moran, M.J.3
  • 62
    • 0002857486 scopus 로고
    • Early successional mechanisms in the rocky intertidal: The role of direct and indirect interactions
    • Van Tamelen P.G. Early successional mechanisms in the rocky intertidal: the role of direct and indirect interactions. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 112:1987;39-48.
    • (1987) J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. , vol.112 , pp. 39-48
    • Van Tamelen, P.G.1
  • 64
    • 0026565109 scopus 로고
    • Indirect effects, prey susceptibility, and habitat selection: Impacts of birds on limpets and algae
    • Wootton J.T. Indirect effects, prey susceptibility, and habitat selection: impacts of birds on limpets and algae. Ecology. 73:1992;981-991.
    • (1992) Ecology , vol.73 , pp. 981-991
    • Wootton, J.T.1
  • 65
    • 0027388022 scopus 로고
    • Indirect effects and habitat use in an intertidal community: Interaction chains and interaction modifications
    • Wootton J.T. Indirect effects and habitat use in an intertidal community: interaction chains and interaction modifications. Am. Nat. 141:1993;71-89.
    • (1993) Am. Nat. , vol.141 , pp. 71-89
    • Wootton, J.T.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.