Improving first-order snow-related deficiencies in a regional climate model

Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres

Volumn 104, Issue D16, 1999, Pages 19559-19567

  Liston, Glen E ^a   Pielke Sr , Roger A ^a   Greene, Ethan M ^a  

^a Engineering Research Center and Hydraulics Laboratory   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CLIMATE MODELING; SNOW;

UNITED STATES;

EID: 0033609642     PISSN: 01480227     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/1999JD900055     Document Type: Article

References (31)

1. Abbs, D. J., and R. A. Pielke, Numerical simulations of orographic effects on NE Colorado snowstorms, Meteorol. Atmos. Phys., 37, 1-10, 1987.
2. Baron, J. S., M. D. Hartman, T. G. F. Kittel, L. E. Band, D. S. Ojima, and R. B. Lammers, Effects of land cover, water redistribution, and temperature on ecosystem processes in the South Platte Basin, Ecol. Appl., 8(4), 1037-1051, 1998.
3. Barros, A. P., and D. P. Lettenmaier, Dynamic modeling of orographically induced precipitation, Rev. Geophys., 32, 265-284, 1993a.
4. Barros, A. P., and D. P. Lettenmaier, Dynamic modeling of the spatial distribution of precipitation in remote mountainous areas, Mon. Weather Rev., 121, 1195-1214, 1993b.
5. Carroll, T. R., Integrated observations and processing of snow cover data in the NWS hydrology program, in Proceedings of the 77th of the AMS Annual Meeting on Integrated Observing Systems, pp. 180-183, Am. Meteorol. Soc., Boston, Mass., 1997.
6. Cotton, W. R., J. F. Weaver, and B. A. Beitler, An unusual summertime downslope wind event in Fort Collins, Colorado, on 3 July 1993, Weather Forecast., 10, 786-797, 1995.
7. Cressman, G. P., An operational objective analysis system, Mon. Weather Rev., 87, 367-374, 1959.
8. Daly, C., R. P. Neilson, and D. L. Phillips, A statistical-topographic model for mapping climatological precipitation over mountainous terrain, J. Appl. Meteorol., 33, 140-158, 1994.
9. Foster, J., G. Liston, R. Koster, R. Essery, H. Behr, L. Dumenil, D. Verseghy, S. Thompson, D. Pollard, and J. Cohen, Snow cover and snow mass intercomparisons of general circulation models and remotely sensed datasets, J. Clim., 9, 409-426, 1996.
10. Hall, D. K., Assessment of polar climate change using satellite technology, Rev. Geophys., 26(1), 26-39, 1988.
11. Hevesi, J. A., J. D. Istok, and A. L. Flint, Precipitation estimation in mountainous terrain using multivariate geostatistics, I, Structural analysis, J. Appl. Meteorol., 31, 661-676, 1992a.
12. Hevesi, J. A., A. L. Flint, and J. D. Istok, Precipitation estimation in mountainous terrain using multivariate geostatistics, II, Isohyetal maps, J. Appl. Meteorol., 31, 667-688, 1992b.
13. Johnson, R. H., G. S. Young, and J. J. Toth, Mesoscale weather effects of variable snow cover over northeast Colorado, Mon. Weather Rev., 112, 1141-1152, 1984.
14. Kalnay, E., et al., The NMC/NCAR reanalysis project, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 77, 437-471, 1996.
15. Leung, R. L., and S. J. Ghan, A subgrid parameterization of orographic precipitation, Theor. Appl. Climatol., 52, 95-118, 1995.
16. Liston, G. E., and M. Sturm, A snow-transport model for complex terrain, J. Glaciol., 44(148), 498-516, 1998.
17. Lynch-Stieglitz, M., The development and validation of a simple snow model for the GISS GCM, J. Clim., 7, 1842-1855, 1994.
18. Marshell, S., and R. J. Oglesby, An improved snow hydrology for GCMs, 1, Snow cover fraction, albedo, grain size, and age, Clim. Dyn., 10, 21-37, 1994.
19. Pielke, R. A., Mesoscale Meteorological Modeling, 612 pp., Academic, San Diego, 1984.
20. Pielke, R. A., et al., A comprehensive meteorological modeling system - RAMS, Meteorol. Atmos. Phys., 49, 69-91, 1992.
21. Segal, M., J. R. Garratt, R. A. Pielke, and Z. Ye, Scaling and numerical model evaluation of snow-cover effects on the generation and modification of daytime mesoscale circulations, J. Atmos. Sci., 48, 1024-1042, 1991a.
22. Segal, M., J. H. Cramer, R. A. Pielke, J. R. Garratt, and P. Hildebrand, Observational evaluation of the snow-breeze, Mon. Weather Rev., 119, 412-424, 1991b.
23. Segal, M., J. R. Garratt, R. A. Pielke, P. Hildebrand, F. A. Rogers, and J. Cramer, On the impact of snow cover on daytime pollution dispersion, Atmos. Environ., 25(B), 177-192, 1991c.
24. Snook, J. S., and R. A. Pielke, Diagnosing a Colorado heavy snow event with a nonhydrostatic mesoscale numerical model structured for operational use, Weather Forecast., 10, 261-285, 1995.
25. Sturm, M., J. Holmgren, and G. E. Liston, A seasonal snow cover classification system for local to global applications, J. Clim., 8(5), 1261-1283, 1995.
26. Thornton, P. E., S. W. Running, and M. A. White, Generating surfaces of daily meteorological variables over large regions of complex terrain, J. Hydrol., 190, 214-251, 1997.
27. Tripoli, G. J., and W. R. Cotton, The Colorado State University three-dimensional cloud/mesoscale model - 1982, I, General theoretical framework and sensitivity experiments, J. Rech. Atmos., 16, 185-220, 1982.
28. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Snow Hydrology, Summary Report of the Snow Investigations, 433 pp., Portland, Oregon, U.S. Govt. Print. Off., Washington, D. C., 1956.
29. Walko, R. L., C. J. Tremback, R. A. Pielke, and W. R. Cotton, An interactive nesting algorithm for stretched grids and variable nesting ratios, J. Appl. Meteorol., 34, 994-999, 1995.
30. Wesley, D. A., and R. A. Pielke, Observations of blocking-induced convergence zones and effects on precipitation in complex terrain, Atmos. Res., 25, 235-276, 1990.
31. Verseghy, D. L., CLASS - A Canadian land surface scheme for GCMs, I, Soil model, Int. J. Climalol., 11, 111-133, 1991.