메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 104, Issue D10, 1999, Pages 11949-11960

On moistening of the tropical troposphere by cirrus clouds

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERIC MOISTURE; CIRRUS; SUBLIMATION; TROPOSPHERE;

EID: 0033609237     PISSN: 01480227     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/1999JD900162     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (46)

References (35)
  • 2
    • 0016459343 scopus 로고
    • The large-scale response of the tropical atmosphere to cloud-modulated infrared heating
    • Albrecht, B., and S. K. Cox, The large-scale response of the tropical atmosphere to cloud-modulated infrared heating, J. Atmos. Sci., 32, 16-24, 1975.
    • (1975) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.32 , pp. 16-24
    • Albrecht, B.1    Cox, S.K.2
  • 3
    • 0021543948 scopus 로고
    • The environment of fast- and slow-moving tropical mesoscale convective cloud lines
    • Barnes, G. M., and K. Sieckman, The environment of fast- and slow-moving tropical mesoscale convective cloud lines, Mon. Weather Rev., 112, 1782-1794, 1984.
    • (1984) Mon. Weather Rev. , vol.112 , pp. 1782-1794
    • Barnes, G.M.1    Sieckman, K.2
  • 4
    • 0024228125 scopus 로고
    • Coupling of the radiative, convective, and surface fluxes over the equatorial Pacific
    • Betts, A. K., and W. Ridgway, Coupling of the radiative, convective, and surface fluxes over the equatorial Pacific, J. Atmos. Sci., 45, 522-536, 1988.
    • (1988) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.45 , pp. 522-536
    • Betts, A.K.1    Ridgway, W.2
  • 5
    • 0024837531 scopus 로고
    • Gravity waves, compensating subsidence and detrainment around cumulus clouds
    • Bretherton, C. S., and P. K. Smolarkiewicz, Gravity waves, compensating subsidence and detrainment around cumulus clouds, J. Atmos. Sci., 46, 740-759, 1989.
    • (1989) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.46 , pp. 740-759
    • Bretherton, C.S.1    Smolarkiewicz, P.K.2
  • 6
    • 0019165888 scopus 로고
    • Some simple solutions for heat-induced tropical circulation
    • Gill, A. E., Some simple solutions for heat-induced tropical circulation, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 106, 447-462, 1980.
    • (1980) Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. , vol.106 , pp. 447-462
    • Gill, A.E.1
  • 7
    • 0007720985 scopus 로고
    • Relative humidity in tropical weather systems
    • Gray, W. M., E. Ruprecht, and R. Phelps, Relative humidity in tropical weather systems, Mon. Weather Rev., 103, 685-690, 1975.
    • (1975) Mon. Weather Rev. , vol.103 , pp. 685-690
    • Gray, W.M.1    Ruprecht, E.2    Phelps, R.3
  • 8
    • 0021641130 scopus 로고
    • A parameterization of the particle size specrum of ice clouds in terms of the ambient temperature and ice water content
    • Heymsfield, A. J., and C. M. R. Platt, A parameterization of the particle size specrum of ice clouds in terms of the ambient temperature and ice water content, J. Atmos. Sci., 41, 846-855, 1984.
    • (1984) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.41 , pp. 846-855
    • Heymsfield, A.J.1    Platt, C.M.R.2
  • 9
    • 0024849936 scopus 로고
    • Observed structure of mesoscale convective systems and implications for large-scale heating
    • Houze, R. A., Observed structure of mesoscale convective systems and implications for large-scale heating, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 115, 425-461, 1989.
    • (1989) Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. , vol.115 , pp. 425-461
    • Houze, R.A.1
  • 10
    • 0011689353 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the formation and persistence of subvisible cirrus clouds near the tropical tropopause
    • Jensen, E. J., O. B. Toon, H. B. Selkirk, J. D. Spinhirne, and M. R. Schoeberl, On the formation and persistence of subvisible cirrus clouds near the tropical tropopause, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 21,361-21,375, 1996.
    • (1996) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.101
    • Jensen, E.J.1    Toon, O.B.2    Selkirk, H.B.3    Spinhirne, J.D.4    Schoeberl, M.R.5
  • 12
    • 0027849791 scopus 로고
    • Cloud clusters and superclusters over the oceanic warm pool
    • Mapes, B. E., and R. A. Houze, Cloud clusters and superclusters over the oceanic warm pool, Mon. Weather Rev., 121, 1398-1415, 1993.
    • (1993) Mon. Weather Rev. , vol.121 , pp. 1398-1415
    • Mapes, B.E.1    Houze, R.A.2
  • 13
    • 0000550798 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parameterization of tropical cirrus ice crystal size distributions and implications for radiative transfer: Results from CEPEX
    • McFarquhar, G. M., and A. J. Heymsfield, Parameterization of tropical cirrus ice crystal size distributions and implications for radiative transfer: Results from CEPEX, J. Atmos. Sci., 54, 2187-2200, 1997.
    • (1997) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.54 , pp. 2187-2200
    • McFarquhar, G.M.1    Heymsfield, A.J.2
  • 14
    • 0026312668 scopus 로고
    • Thermally forced gravity waves in an atmosphere at rest
    • Nicholls, M. E., R. A. Pielke, and W. R. Cotton, Thermally forced gravity waves in an atmosphere at rest, J. Atmos. Sci., 48, 1869-1884, 1991.
    • (1991) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.48 , pp. 1869-1884
    • Nicholls, M.E.1    Pielke, R.A.2    Cotton, W.R.3
  • 15
    • 0031646850 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lateral mixing as a source of subtropical water vapor
    • Pierrehumbert, R. T., Lateral mixing as a source of subtropical water vapor, Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 151-154, 1998.
    • (1998) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.25 , pp. 151-154
    • Pierrehumbert, R.T.1
  • 16
    • 0001289208 scopus 로고
    • The role of earth radiation budget studies in climate and general-circulation research
    • Ramanathan, V., The role of earth radiation budget studies in climate and general-circulation research, J. Geophys. Res., 92, 4075-4095, 1987.
    • (1987) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.92 , pp. 4075-4095
    • Ramanathan, V.1
  • 17
    • 0024814012 scopus 로고
    • Solar absorption by cirrus clouds and the maintenance of the tropical upper troposphere thermal structure
    • Ramaswamy, V., and V. Ramanathan, Solar absorption by cirrus clouds and the maintenance of the tropical upper troposphere thermal structure, J. Atmos. Sci., 46, 2293-2310, 1989.
    • (1989) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.46 , pp. 2293-2310
    • Ramaswamy, V.1    Ramanathan, V.2
  • 18
    • 0024830046 scopus 로고
    • Interactions among radiation, convection, and large-scale dynamics in a general circulation model
    • Randall, D. A., Harshvardhan, D. A. Dazlich, and T. G. Corsetti, Interactions among radiation, convection, and large-scale dynamics in a general circulation model, J. Atmos. Sci., 46, 1943-1970, 1989.
    • (1989) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.46 , pp. 1943-1970
    • Randall, D.A.1    Harshvardhan2    Dazlich, D.A.3    Corsetti, T.G.4
  • 19
    • 0031419594 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A trajectory analysis of tropical upper-tropospheric moisture and convection
    • Salathé, E. P., and D. L. Hartmann, A trajectory analysis of tropical upper-tropospheric moisture and convection, J. Clim., 10, 2533-2547, 1997.
    • (1997) J. Clim. , vol.10 , pp. 2533-2547
    • Salathé, E.P.1    Hartmann, D.L.2
  • 20
    • 0030419098 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Maintenance of the free-tropospheric tropical water vapor distribution, Part II: Simulation by large-scale advection
    • Sherwood, S. C., Maintenance of the free-tropospheric tropical water vapor distribution, Part II: Simulation by large-scale advection, J. Clim., 9, 2919-2934, 1996.
    • (1996) J. Clim. , vol.9 , pp. 2919-2934
    • Sherwood, S.C.1
  • 21
    • 0043035567 scopus 로고
    • Response of an atmospheric general circulation model to radiative forcing of tropical clouds
    • Sherwood, S. C., V. Ramanathan, T. P. Barnett, M. K. Tyree, and E. Roeckner, Response of an atmospheric general circulation model to radiative forcing of tropical clouds, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 20,829-20,845, 1994.
    • (1994) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.99
    • Sherwood, S.C.1    Ramanathan, V.2    Barnett, T.P.3    Tyree, M.K.4    Roeckner, E.5
  • 22
    • 0031445857 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vertical stratification of tropical cloud properties as determined from satellite
    • Sheu, R.-S., J. A. Curry, and G. Liu, Vertical stratification of tropical cloud properties as determined from satellite, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 4321-4245, 1997.
    • (1997) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.102 , pp. 4321-4245
    • Sheu, R.-S.1    Curry, J.A.2    Liu, G.3
  • 23
    • 0026278681 scopus 로고
    • Sensitivity of the earth's climate to height-dependent changes in the water vapour mixing ratio
    • Shine, K. P., and A. Sinha, Sensitivity of the earth's climate to height-dependent changes in the water vapour mixing ratio, Nature, 354, 382-384, 1991.
    • (1991) Nature , vol.354 , pp. 382-384
    • Shine, K.P.1    Sinha, A.2
  • 24
    • 0032572645 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tracking upper tropospheric water vapor radiances: A satellite perspective
    • Soden, B. J., Tracking upper tropospheric water vapor radiances: A satellite perspective, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 17,069-17,080, 1998.
    • (1998) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.103
    • Soden, B.J.1
  • 25
    • 0031402531 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How dry is the tropical free troposphere? Implications for global warming theory
    • Spencer, R., and W. D. Braswell, How dry is the tropical free troposphere? Implications for global warming theory, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 78, 1097-1106, 1997.
    • (1997) Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. , vol.78 , pp. 1097-1106
    • Spencer, R.1    Braswell, W.D.2
  • 26
    • 0022190835 scopus 로고
    • Cirrus clouds, part I: A cirrus cloud model
    • Starr, D. O., and S. Cox, Cirrus clouds, part I: A cirrus cloud model, J. Atmos. Sci., 42, 2663-2681, 1985a.
    • (1985) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.42 , pp. 2663-2681
    • Starr, D.O.1    Cox, S.2
  • 27
    • 0022226668 scopus 로고
    • Cirrus clouds, part II. Numerical experiments on the formation and maintenance of cirrus
    • Starr, D. O., and S. Cox, Cirrus clouds, part II. Numerical experiments on the formation and maintenance of cirrus, J. Atmos. Sci., 42, 2682-2694, 1985b.
    • (1985) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.42 , pp. 2682-2694
    • Starr, D.O.1    Cox, S.2
  • 28
    • 0019206654 scopus 로고
    • The response of a deep cumulus convection model to changes in radiative heating
    • Stephens, G., and K. Wilson, The response of a deep cumulus convection model to changes in radiative heating, J. Atmos. Sci., 37, 421-434, 1980.
    • (1980) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.37 , pp. 421-434
    • Stephens, G.1    Wilson, K.2
  • 29
    • 0019203472 scopus 로고
    • Radiative properties of cirrus clouds in the infrared region
    • Stephens, G. L., Radiative properties of cirrus clouds in the infrared region, J. Atmos. Sci., 37, 435-446, 1980.
    • (1980) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.37 , pp. 435-446
    • Stephens, G.L.1
  • 30
    • 0025621744 scopus 로고
    • The relevance of the microphysical and radiative properties of cirrus clouds to climate and climatic feedbacks
    • Stephens, G. L., S.-C. Tsay, P. W. Stackhouse, and P. J. Flatau, The relevance of the microphysical and radiative properties of cirrus clouds to climate and climatic feedbacks, J. Atmos. Sci., 47, 1742-1753, 1990.
    • (1990) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.47 , pp. 1742-1753
    • Stephens, G.L.1    Tsay, S.-C.2    Stackhouse, P.W.3    Flatau, P.J.4
  • 31
    • 0030422799 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of cloud-radiation interaction in the Tropics and midlatitudes
    • Tao, W. K., S. Lang, J. Simpson, C. H. Sui, B. Ferrier, and M. D. Chou, Mechanisms of cloud-radiation interaction in the Tropics and midlatitudes, J. Atmos. Sci., 53, 2624-2651, 1996.
    • (1996) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.53 , pp. 2624-2651
    • Tao, W.K.1    Lang, S.2    Simpson, J.3    Sui, C.H.4    Ferrier, B.5    Chou, M.D.6
  • 32
    • 0028808462 scopus 로고
    • Influence of tropical cloud systems on the relative humidity in the upper troposphere
    • Udelhofen, P. M., and D. L. Hartmann, Influence of tropical cloud systems on the relative humidity in the upper troposphere, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 7423-7440, 1995.
    • (1995) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.100 , pp. 7423-7440
    • Udelhofen, P.M.1    Hartmann, D.L.2
  • 33
    • 0022167222 scopus 로고
    • Simultaneous occurrence of different cloud types
    • Warren, S. G., C. J. Hahn, and J. London, Simultaneous occurrence of different cloud types, J. Clim. Appl. Meteorol., 24, 658-667, 1985.
    • (1985) J. Clim. Appl. Meteorol. , vol.24 , pp. 658-667
    • Warren, S.G.1    Hahn, C.J.2    London, J.3
  • 34
    • 0003785023 scopus 로고
    • Global distribution of total cloud cover and cloud type amounts over the ocean
    • Dept. of Energy, Off. of Energy Res., Boulder, Colorado
    • Warren, S. G., C. J. Hahn, J. London, R. M. Chervin, and R. L. Jenne, Global distribution of total cloud cover and cloud type amounts over the ocean, Tech. Rep. NCAR/TN-317+STR, Dept. of Energy, Off. of Energy Res., Boulder, Colorado, 1988.
    • (1988) Tech. Rep. NCAR/TN-317+STR
    • Warren, S.G.1    Hahn, C.J.2    London, J.3    Chervin, R.M.4    Jenne, R.L.5
  • 35
    • 0019144568 scopus 로고
    • Tropical upper-tropospheric extended clouds: Inferences from winter MONEX
    • Webster, P. J., and G. L. Stephens, Tropical upper-tropospheric extended clouds: Inferences from winter MONEX, J. Atmos. Sci., 37, 1521-1541, 1980.
    • (1980) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.37 , pp. 1521-1541
    • Webster, P.J.1    Stephens, G.L.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.