Direct radiocarbon dates for Vindija G1 and Velika Pećina Late Pleistocene hominid remains

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

Volumn 96, Issue 22, 1999, Pages 12281-12286

  Smith, Fred H ^a   Trinkaus, Erik ^b,c   Pettitt, Paul B ^d,e   Karavanić, Ivor ^f   Paunović, Maja ^g  

^a NORTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITÉ DE BORDEAUX   (France)

^d UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD   (United Kingdom)

^e KEBLE COLLEGE   (United Kingdom)

^f UNIVERSITY OF ZAGREB   (Croatia)

^g Zavod za Paleontologiju I Geologiju Kvartara   (Croatia)

Author keywords

Croatia; Early modern humans; Europe; Neandertals

Indexed keywords

CARBON 14;

ANTHROPOLOGY; ARTICLE; EUROPE; EVOLUTION; FOSSIL; FRONTAL BONE; HUMAN; PHYLOGENY; PRIORITY JOURNAL;

ANIMALS; HOMINIDAE; HUMANS; PALEONTOLOGY; PHYLOGENY;

HOMINIDAE;

EID: 0033607170     PISSN: 00278424     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.96.22.12281     Document Type: Article

References (74)

1. Clark, G. A. & Willermet, C. M., eds. (1997) Conceptual Issues in Modern Human Origins Research (Aldine de Gruyter, New York).
2. Bowler, P. J. (1986) Theories of Human Evolution (Johns Hopkins Univ. Press, Baltimore).
3. Spencer, F. (1984) in The Origins of Modern Humans, eds. Smith, F. H. & Spencer, F. (Liss, New York), pp. 1-49.
4. Trinkaus, E. & Shipman, P. (1993) The Neandertals (Knopf, New York).
5. Condemi, S. (1991) Riv. Anthropol. 69, 27-38.
6. Rak, Y., Kimbel, W. H. & Hovers, E. (1994) J. Hum. Evol. 26, 313-324.
7. Rak, Y. (1998) in Neandertals and Modern Humans in Western Asia, eds. Akazawa T., Aoki, K. & Bar-Yosef, O. (Plenum, New York), pp. 353-366.
8. Stringer, C. B. & Bräuer, G. (1994) Am. Anthropol. 96, 416-424.
9. Frayer, D. W. (1992) Préhist. Eur. 2, 9-69.
10. Frayer, D. W., Wolpoff, M. H., Thorne, A. G., Smith, F. H. & Pope, G. G. (1993) Am. Anthropol. 95, 14-50.
11. Smith, F. H. & Trinkaus, E. (1991) in Aux Origines d'Homo sapiens, eds. Hublin, J. J. & Tillier, A. M. (Presses Univ. de France, Paris), pp. 251-290.
12. Duarte, C., Maurício, J., Pettitt, P. B., Souto, P., Trinkaus, E., van der Plicht, H. & Zilhão, J. (1999) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 96, 7604-7609.
13. Franciscus, R. (1999) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 96, 1805-1809.
14. Quam, R. M. & Smith, F. H. (1998) in Neandertals and Modern Humans in Western Asia, eds. Akazawa, T., Aoki, K. & Bar-Yosef, O. (Plenum, New York), pp. 405-421.
15. Stefan, V. & Trinkaus, E. (1998) Bull. Mém. Soc. Anthropol. (Paris) 10, 293-324.
16. Franciscus, R. G. & Trinkaus, E. (1995) J. Hum. Evol. 28, 577-595.
17. Krings, M., Stone, A., Schmitz, R., Krainitzki, H., Stoneking, M. & Pääbo, S. (1997) Cell 90, 19-30.
18. Krings, M., Geisert, H., Schmitz, H., Krainitzki, H. & Pääbo, S. (1999) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 96, 5581-5585.
19. Stoneking, M. (1993) Evol. Anthropol. 2, 60-73.
20. Ruvolo, M. (1996) Mol. Phys. Evol. 5, 202-219.
21. Mountain, J. L. (1998) Evol. Anthropol. 7, 21-37.
22. Templeton, A. R. (1998) Am. Anthropol. 100, 632-650.
23. Relethford, J. (1995) Evol. Anthropol. 4, 53-63.
24. Relethford, J. & Jorde, L. (1999) Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 108, 251-260.
25. Nordborg, M. (1998) Am. J. Hum. Genet. 63, 1237-1240.
26. Aiken, M. J., Stringer, C. B. & Mellars, P. A., eds. (1993) The Origin of Modern Humans and the Impact of Chronometric Dating (Princeton Univ. Press, Princeton).
27. Smith, F. H. (1985) Z. Morph. Anthropol. 75, 197-222.
28. Trinkaus, E. (1984) in The Origins of Modern Humans, eds. Smith, F. H. & Spencer, F. (Liss, New York), pp. 251-293.
29. Valladas, H., Reyss, J. L., Joron, J. L., Valladas, G., Bar-Yosef, O. & Vandermeersch, B. (1988) Nature (London) 331, 614-615.
30. Valladas, H., Joron, J. L., Valladas, G., Arensburg, B., Bar-Yosef, O., Belfer-Cohen, A., Goldberg, P., Laville, H., Meignen, L., Ray, Y., et al. (1987) Nature (London) 330, 159-160.
31. Grün, R. & Stringer, C. B. (1991) Archaeometry 33, 153-199.
32. Bar-Yosef, O. (1992) in Continuity or Replacement: Controversies in Homo sapiens Evolution, eds. Bräuer, G. & Smith, F. H. (Balkema, Rotterdam), pp. 261-272.
33. Stefan, V. H. & Trinkaus, E. (1998) J. Hum. Evol. 34, 443-468.
34. Bar-Yosef, O. (1998) in Neandertals and Modern Humans in Western Asia, eds. Akazawa, T., Aoki, K. & Bar-Yosef, O. (Plenum, New York), pp. 39-56.
35. Hublin, J. J., Spoor, F., Braun, M., Zonneveld, F. & Condemi, S. (1996) Nature (London) 381, 224-226.
36. Hublin, J. J., Barroso Ruiz, C., Medina Lara, P., M., Fontugne, M. & Reyss, J. L. (1995) C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris 321, 931-937.
37. Zilhão, J. (1999) in Gibraltar and the Neandertals, eds. Stringer, C. B. & Findlayson, J. C. (Oxbow, Oxford), in press.
38. Barton, R. N. E., Currant, A. P., Fernandez-Yalvo, Y., Finlayson, J. C., Goldberg, P., Macphail, R., Pettitt, P. B. & Stringer, C. B. (1999) Antiquity 73, 13-23.
39. Cabrera, V. & Bischoff, J. (1989) J. Archaeol. Sci. 16, 577-584.
40. Bischoff, J. L., Soler, N., Maroto, J. & Julià, R. (1989) J. Archaeol. Sci. 16, 563-576.
41. d'Errico, F., Zilhão, J., Julien, M., Baffier, D. & Pelegrin, J. (1998) Curr. Anthropol. 39, S1-S44.
42. Zilhão, J. & d'Errico, F. (1999) J. World Prehist., in press.
43. Gambier, D. (1989) in The Human Revolution, eds. Mellars, P. A. & Stringer, C. B. (Edinburgh Univ. Press, Edinburgh), pp. 194-211.
44. Kozłowski, J. K. (1982) Excavation in the Bacho Kiro Cave (Bulgaria), ed. Kozłowski, J. K. (Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe, Warsaw).
45. Karavanić, I. & Smith, F. H. (1998) J. Hum. Evol. 34, 223-248.
46. Gleń, E. & Kaczanowski, K. (1982) in Excavations in the Bacho Kiro Cave (Bulgaria), ed. Kozlowski, J. K. (Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe, Warsaw), pp. 75-79.
47. Smith, F. H. (1984) in The Origins of Modern Humans, eds. Smith, F. H. & Spencer, F. (Liss, New York), pp. 137-209.
48. Mercier, N., Valladas, H., Joron, J. L., Reyss, J. L., Lévêque, F. & Vandermeersch, B. (1991) Nature (London) 351, 737-739.
49. Hahn, J. (1983) in Urgeschichte in Baden-Württemberg, ed. Müller-Beck, H. (Theiss, Stuttgart), pp. 273-330.
50. Stringer, C. B. (1990) in Hominid Remains: An Update. British Isles and Eastern Germany, ed. Orban, R. (Univ. Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels), pp. 1-40.
51. Bräuer, G. (1980) Z. Morph. Anthropol. 69, 266-292.
52. Protsch, R. & Semmel, A. (1978) Eiszeitalter Gegenwart 28, 200-210.
53. Gábori-Csánk, V. (1970) Acta Archaeol. Acad. Sci. Hung. 22, 1-11.
54. Wolpoff, M. H. (1999) Paleoanthropolgy (McGraw-Hill, New York).
55. Karavanić, I. (1995) J. Anthropol. Res. 51, 9-35.
56. Simek, J. & Smith, F. H. (1997) J. Hum. Evol. 32, 561-575.
57. Malez, M. (1961) Arheološki Radovi i Rasprave 4/5, 7-68.
58. Malez, M. & Vogel, J. C. (1970) Bull. Sci. Yougosl. 15A, 390-391.
59. Wolpoff, M. H., Smith, F. H., Malez, M., Radovčić, J. & Rukavina, D. (1981) Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 54, 499-545.
60. Smith, F. H. & Ahern, J. (1994) Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 93, 275-285.
61. Kozłowski, J. K. (1996) in The Lower and the Middle Paleolithic, eds. Bar-Yosef, O., Cavaili-Sforza, L. L., March, R. J. & Piperno, M. (Intl. Union Prehist. Protohist. Sci., Forli, Italy), pp. 205-218.
62. Karavanić, I., Paunović, M., Yokoyama, Y. & Falguères, C. (1998) L'Anthropologie 102, 131-141.
63. Hedges, R. E. M., Law, I. A., Bronk, C. R. & Housley, R. A. (1989) Archaeometry 31, 99-113.
64. Hedges, R. E. M., Humm, M. J., Foreman, J., Van Klinken, J. G. & Bronk, C. R. (1992) Radiocarbon 34, 306-311.
65. Aldhouse-Green, S., Pettitt, P. B. & Stringer, C. B. (1996) Antiquity 70, 444-447.
66. Chamberlain, A. T. (1996) Antiquity 70, 950-953.
67. Hedges, R. E. M., Housley, R. A., Pettitt, P. B., Bronk Ramsey, C. & Van Klinken, G. J. (1996) Archaeometry 38, 181-207.
68. Hedges, R. E. M., Pettitt, P. B., Bronk Ramsey, C. & Van Klinken, G. J. (1997) Archaeometry 39, 445-471.
69. Hedges, R. E. M., Pettitt, P. B., Bronk Ramsey, C. & Van Klingen, G. J. (1998) Archaeometry 40, 437-455.
70. Svoboda, J. (1999) J. Hum. Evol., in press
71. Churchill, S. & Smith, F. H. (1999) Am. J. Phys. Anthropol., in press.
72. Mellars, P. (1996) The Neandertal Legacy (Princeton Univ. Press, Princeton).
73. Trinkaus, E. & Smith, F. H. (1985) in Ancestors: The Hard Evidence, ed. Delson, E. (Liss, New York), pp. 325-333.
74. Kozłowski, J. K. (1990) in The Emergence of Modern Humans, eds. Mellars, P. A. & Stringer, C. B. (Univ. Edinburgh Press, Edinburgh), pp. 419-437.