A slippery problem with explosive consequences

Science

Volumn 283, Issue 5406, 1999, Pages 1275-1276

  Spera, Frank ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

GEOLOGY; NATURAL SCIENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SHORT SURVEY; VOLCANO; WATER ANALYSIS;

EID: 0033605357     PISSN: 00368075     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1126/science.283.5406.1275     Document Type: Short Survey

References (28)

1. F. A. Ochs and R. A. Lange, Science 283, 1314 (1999).
2. J. C. Lasjaunias et al., Solid State Commun. 17, 1045 (1975).
3. The enhanced creep or hydrolytic weakening of silicates is well known. A recent example is given by T. Kubo, E. Ohtani, T. Kato, T. Shinmei, and K. Fujino [Science 281, 85 (1998)].
4. K. Lu and H. Keppler, Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 129, 35 (1997).
5. P. J. McGovern and G. Schubert, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 96, 27 (1989).
6. mol) is the dominant dissolved species, whereas hydroxyl predominates at low water content and high temperatures [(9); L. Silver et al., Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 104, 142 (1990); Y. Zhang et al., Am. Mineral. 80, 593 (1995); E. Stolper, Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 94, 178 (1982); Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 46, 2609 (1982); Am. Mineral. 74, 1247 (1989)].
7. mol) is the dominant dissolved species, whereas hydroxyl predominates at low water content and high temperatures [(9); L. Silver et al., Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 104, 142 (1990); Y. Zhang et al., Am. Mineral. 80, 593 (1995); E. Stolper, Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 94, 178 (1982); Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 46, 2609 (1982); Am. Mineral. 74, 1247 (1989)].
8. mol) is the dominant dissolved species, whereas hydroxyl predominates at low water content and high temperatures [(9); L. Silver et al., Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 104, 142 (1990); Y. Zhang et al., Am. Mineral. 80, 593 (1995); E. Stolper, Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 94, 178 (1982); Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 46, 2609 (1982); Am. Mineral. 74, 1247 (1989)].
9. mol) is the dominant dissolved species, whereas hydroxyl predominates at low water content and high temperatures [(9); L. Silver et al., Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 104, 142 (1990); Y. Zhang et al., Am. Mineral. 80, 593 (1995); E. Stolper, Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 94, 178 (1982); Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 46, 2609 (1982); Am. Mineral. 74, 1247 (1989)].
10. mol) is the dominant dissolved species, whereas hydroxyl predominates at low water content and high temperatures [(9); L. Silver et al., Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 104, 142 (1990); Y. Zhang et al., Am. Mineral. 80, 593 (1995); E. Stolper, Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 94, 178 (1982); Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 46, 2609 (1982); Am. Mineral. 74, 1247 (1989)].
11. Early studies include both experimental work [such as R. W. Goranson, Am. J. Sci. 22, 227 (1931); ibid. 23, 227 (1932); C. W. Burnham and R. H. Jahns, ibid. 260, 721 (1962); G. C. Kennedy et al., ibid., p. 501; G. P. Orlova, Int. Geol. Rev. 6, 254 (1962); C. W. Burnham and N. F. Davis, Am. J. Sci., 274, 902 (1974)] and thermodynamic modeling based on these data [such as G. J. Wasserburg, J. Geol. 65, 15 (1957); H. R. Shaw, ibid 72, 601 (1964); C. W. Burnham, Geochim. Cosmochim Acta 39, 1077 (1975)].
12. Early studies include both experimental work [such as R. W. Goranson, Am. J. Sci. 22, 227 (1931); ibid. 23, 227 (1932); C. W. Burnham and R. H. Jahns, ibid. 260, 721 (1962); G. C. Kennedy et al., ibid., p. 501; G. P. Orlova, Int. Geol. Rev. 6, 254 (1962); C. W. Burnham and N. F. Davis, Am. J. Sci., 274, 902 (1974)] and thermodynamic modeling based on these data [such as G. J. Wasserburg, J. Geol. 65, 15 (1957); H. R. Shaw, ibid 72, 601 (1964); C. W. Burnham, Geochim. Cosmochim Acta 39, 1077 (1975)].
13. Early studies include both experimental work [such as R. W. Goranson, Am. J. Sci. 22, 227 (1931); ibid. 23, 227 (1932); C. W. Burnham and R. H. Jahns, ibid. 260, 721 (1962); G. C. Kennedy et al., ibid., p. 501; G. P. Orlova, Int. Geol. Rev. 6, 254 (1962); C. W. Burnham and N. F. Davis, Am. J. Sci., 274, 902 (1974)] and thermodynamic modeling based on these data [such as G. J. Wasserburg, J. Geol. 65, 15 (1957); H. R. Shaw, ibid 72, 601 (1964); C. W. Burnham, Geochim. Cosmochim Acta 39, 1077 (1975)].
14. Early studies include both experimental work [such as R. W. Goranson, Am. J. Sci. 22, 227 (1931); ibid. 23, 227 (1932); C. W. Burnham and R. H. Jahns, ibid. 260, 721 (1962); G. C. Kennedy et al., ibid., p. 501; G. P. Orlova, Int. Geol. Rev. 6, 254 (1962); C. W. Burnham and N. F. Davis, Am. J. Sci., 274, 902 (1974)] and thermodynamic modeling based on these data [such as G. J. Wasserburg, J. Geol. 65, 15 (1957); H. R. Shaw, ibid 72, 601 (1964); C. W. Burnham, Geochim. Cosmochim Acta 39, 1077 (1975)].
15. Early studies include both experimental work [such as R. W. Goranson, Am. J. Sci. 22, 227 (1931); ibid. 23, 227 (1932); C. W. Burnham and R. H. Jahns, ibid. 260, 721 (1962); G. C. Kennedy et al., ibid., p. 501; G. P. Orlova, Int. Geol. Rev. 6, 254 (1962); C. W. Burnham and N. F. Davis, Am. J. Sci., 274, 902 (1974)] and thermodynamic modeling based on these data [such as G. J. Wasserburg, J. Geol. 65, 15 (1957); H. R. Shaw, ibid 72, 601 (1964); C. W. Burnham, Geochim. Cosmochim Acta 39, 1077 (1975)].
16. Early studies include both experimental work [such as R. W. Goranson, Am. J. Sci. 22, 227 (1931); ibid. 23, 227 (1932); C. W. Burnham and R. H. Jahns, ibid. 260, 721 (1962); G. C. Kennedy et al., ibid., p. 501; G. P. Orlova, Int. Geol. Rev. 6, 254 (1962); C. W. Burnham and N. F. Davis, Am. J. Sci., 274, 902 (1974)] and thermodynamic modeling based on these data [such as G. J. Wasserburg, J. Geol. 65, 15 (1957); H. R. Shaw, ibid 72, 601 (1964); C. W. Burnham, Geochim. Cosmochim Acta 39, 1077 (1975)].
17. Early studies include both experimental work [such as R. W. Goranson, Am. J. Sci. 22, 227 (1931); ibid. 23, 227 (1932); C. W. Burnham and R. H. Jahns, ibid. 260, 721 (1962); G. C. Kennedy et al., ibid., p. 501; G. P. Orlova, Int. Geol. Rev. 6, 254 (1962); C. W. Burnham and N. F. Davis, Am. J. Sci., 274, 902 (1974)] and thermodynamic modeling based on these data [such as G. J. Wasserburg, J. Geol. 65, 15 (1957); H. R. Shaw, ibid 72, 601 (1964); C. W. Burnham, Geochim. Cosmochim Acta 39, 1077 (1975)].
18. Early studies include both experimental work [such as R. W. Goranson, Am. J. Sci. 22, 227 (1931); ibid. 23, 227 (1932); C. W. Burnham and R. H. Jahns, ibid. 260, 721 (1962); G. C. Kennedy et al., ibid., p. 501; G. P. Orlova, Int. Geol. Rev. 6, 254 (1962); C. W. Burnham and N. F. Davis, Am. J. Sci., 274, 902 (1974)] and thermodynamic modeling based on these data [such as G. J. Wasserburg, J. Geol. 65, 15 (1957); H. R. Shaw, ibid 72, 601 (1964); C. W. Burnham, Geochim. Cosmochim Acta 39, 1077 (1975)].
19. Early studies include both experimental work [such as R. W. Goranson, Am. J. Sci. 22, 227 (1931); ibid. 23, 227 (1932); C. W. Burnham and R. H. Jahns, ibid. 260, 721 (1962); G. C. Kennedy et al., ibid., p. 501; G. P. Orlova, Int. Geol. Rev. 6, 254 (1962); C. W. Burnham and N. F. Davis, Am. J. Sci., 274, 902 (1974)] and thermodynamic modeling based on these data [such as G. J. Wasserburg, J. Geol. 65, 15 (1957); H. R. Shaw, ibid 72, 601 (1964); C. W. Burnham, Geochim. Cosmochim Acta 39, 1077 (1975)].
20. High-temperature in situ near-IR spectroscopy [for example, M. Nowak and H. Behrens, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta. 59, 3445 (1995)] is a promising technique that remains to be fully explored.
21. Y. Zhang et al., Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 61, 2167 (1997); Y. Zhang et al., ibid., p. 3089.
22. Y. Zhang et al., Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 61, 2167 (1997); Y. Zhang et al., ibid., p. 3089.
23. R. A. Lange and I. S. E. Carmichael, Rev. Mineral. 24, 25 (1990).
24. P. Richet and A. Polian, Science 281, 396 (1998).
25. F. J. Spera et al., Geophys. Res. Lett., 13, 153 (1986); S. Clark et al., in Magmatic Processes: Physicochemical Principles (Geochem. Soc. Spec. Publ. no.1 (1987), p. 289.
26. F. J. Spera et al., Geophys. Res. Lett., 13, 153 (1986); S. Clark et al., in Magmatic Processes: Physicochemical Principles (Geochem. Soc. Spec. Publ. no.1 (1987), p. 289.
27. S. C. Kohn et al., Geochimica Cosmochima Acta, 62, 79 (1998); J. A. Tossell et al., ibid. 61, 1171 (1997).
28. S. C. Kohn et al., Geochimica Cosmochima Acta, 62, 79 (1998); J. A. Tossell et al., ibid. 61, 1171 (1997).